RNA Coronaviruses’ Outbreaks: Recent Progress on the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Diagnostic Tests, Vaccination and Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghadeer A. R. Y. Suaifan ◽  
Bayan A. Alkhawaja ◽  
Aya A. M. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: Coronaviruses are RNA-infective viruses that could be considered principal players in universal high-profile outbreaks, namely the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS, 2002-2003), the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS, 2012) and the continuing novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19, 2019) pandemic. RNA coronaviruses infections raise public health concerns with infections’ severity ranging from serious pandemics and highly contagious infections to common influenza episodes. With a wide consensus concerning the seminal role of early detection of the infectious agent on the clinical prognosis, recent technological endeavors have facilitated the rapid, sensitive and specific diagnosis of viral infections. Given that the burst of confirmed cases of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are climbing steeply, and we are amid this pandemic, this work will center at the respiratory RNA-viruses outbreaks, including the three coronaviruses-related pandemics, emphasizing on the approved diagnostic approaches, outlining therapeutic clinical trials as well as vaccine candidates. Based on the accumulated data and knowledge on the previous RNA-virus outbreaks, this review aspires to link the current intervention measures against SARS-CoV-2 infection with the previous interventions and to provide a roadmap for any possible future measures.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Disease: ORF8 and Surface Glycoprotein Inhibit Heme Metabolism by Binding to Porphyrin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
liu wenzhong ◽  
Li hualan
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
Positive Strand Rna Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Positive Strand Rna ◽  
Bat Coronavirus ◽  
Anabolic Pathway

<p>The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is an infectious acute respiratory infection caused by the novel coronavirus. The virus is a positive-strand RNA virus with high homology to bat coronavirus. Due to the limits of the existing experimental tools, many protein roles of novel coronavirus including ORF8 are still unclear. Therefore, in the current scene of an emergency epidemic, it is of high scientific significance to predict the biological role of viral proteins through bioinformatics methods. In this study, conserved domain analysis, homology modeling, and molecular docking were used to compare the biological roles of certain proteins of the novel coronavirus. The results showed the ORF8 and surface glycoprotein could bind to the porphyrin, respectively, while orf1ab, ORF10 and ORF3a proteins could coordinately attack heme to dissociate the iron to form the porphyrin. The mechanism seriously interfered with the normal heme anabolic pathway of the human body, being expected to result in human disease. According to the validation analysis of these finds, Chloroquine could prevent orf1ab, ORF3a and ORF10 to attack the heme to form the porphyrin, and inhibit the binding of ORF8 and surface glycoproteins to porphyrins to a certain extent. Therefore, this research is of high value to contemporary biological experiments, disease prevention and clinical treatment.</p>

scholarly journals A Role of Variance in Interferon Genes to Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Gozman ◽  
Kellie Perry ◽  
Dimitri Nikogosov ◽  
Ilya Klabukov ◽  
Artem Shevlyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Patient Response ◽  
Interferon Pathway ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The rapid rise and global consequences of the novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) have again brought the focus of the scientific community on the possible host factors involved in patient response and outcome to exposure to the virus. The disease severity remains highly unpredictable, and individuals with none of the aforementioned risk factors may still develop severe COVID-19. It was shown that genotype-related factors like an ABO Blood Group affect COVID-19 severity, and the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 was higher for patients with blood type A and lower for patients with blood type O. Currently it is not clear which specific genes are associated with COVID-19 severity. The comparative analysis of COVID-19 and other viral infections allows us to predict that the variants within the interferon pathway genes may serve as markers of the magnitude of immune response to specific pathogens. In particular, various members of Class III interferons (lambda) are reviewed in detail.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Disease: ORF8 and Surface Glycoprotein Inhibit Heme Metabolism by Binding to Porphyrin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
liu wenzhong ◽  
Li hualan
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
Positive Strand Rna Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Positive Strand Rna ◽  
Bat Coronavirus ◽  
Anabolic Pathway

<p>The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is an infectious acute respiratory infection caused by the novel coronavirus. The virus is a positive-strand RNA virus with high homology to bat coronavirus. Due to the limits of the existing experimental tools, many protein roles of novel coronavirus including ORF8 are still unclear. Therefore, in the current scene of an emergency epidemic, it is of high scientific significance to predict the biological role of viral proteins through bioinformatics methods. In this study, conserved domain analysis, homology modeling, and molecular docking were used to compare the biological roles of certain proteins of the novel coronavirus. The results showed the ORF8 and surface glycoprotein could bind to the porphyrin, respectively, while orf1ab, ORF10 and ORF3a proteins could coordinately attack heme to dissociate the iron to form the porphyrin. The mechanism seriously interfered with the normal heme anabolic pathway of the human body, being expected to result in human disease. According to the validation analysis of these finds, Chloroquine could prevent orf1ab, ORF3a and ORF10 to attack the heme to form the porphyrin, and inhibit the binding of ORF8 and surface glycoproteins to porphyrins to a certain extent. Therefore, this research is of high value to contemporary biological experiments, disease prevention and clinical treatment.</p>

scholarly journals A commentary on podiatry during the Covid-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Chadwick ◽  
Lawrence Ambrose ◽  
Ross Barrow ◽  
Martin Fox
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
The Many ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background The arrival of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted the many aspects of modern life, especially, in the immediate term, the delivery of healthcare. Context This commentary examines the profession of podiatry and how it has adapted and responded to the emerging crisis. It focusses on but is not exclusive to the position in the United Kingdom (UK) and the edicts and direction from the UK Government. Podiatry roles during the pandemic It describes the role of podiatry in the pandemic and highlights the deployment of podiatry resources to fight the pandemic beyond traditional podiatric practice. It also looks at the shift from conventional consultation to digital solutions for managing patients in an effort to achieve the goals of maintenance of foot health whilst reducing the spread of the virus. The commentary summarises the emerging data related to a possible foot related presentation of the coronavirus. Conclusion The podiatry profession proved its flexibility and adaptability during the pandemic, to adjust rapidly to ensure that patients were able to access treatment to reduce risk of infection, ulceration and amputation. Dermatological presentations on the feet have been associated with Covid-19 in adolescents as is often the case in viral infections. CPD webinars to support clinicians and manage and prevent the spread of Covid-19 have been widely disseminated along with algorithms to ensure that patients that need treatment are being treated appropriately. Podiatrists have embraced remote technology to ensure that patients are correctly and safely triaged and, signposted and given appropriate self-care advice. MSK podiatrists have the ability to play an intrinsic role within the post discharge rehabilitation pathway.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Disease: ORF8 and Surface Glycoprotein Inhibit Heme Metabolism by Binding to Porphyrin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
liu wenzhong ◽  
Li hualan
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
Positive Strand Rna Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Positive Strand Rna ◽  
Bat Coronavirus ◽  
Anabolic Pathway

<p>The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is an infectious acute respiratory infection caused by the novel coronavirus. The virus is a positive-strand RNA virus with high homology to bat coronavirus. Due to the limits of the existing experimental tools, many protein roles of novel coronavirus including ORF8 are still unclear. Therefore, in the current scene of an emergency epidemic, it is of high scientific significance to predict the biological role of viral proteins through bioinformatics methods. In this study, conserved domain analysis, homology modeling, and molecular docking were used to compare the biological roles of certain proteins of the novel coronavirus. The results showed the ORF8 and surface glycoprotein could bind to the porphyrin, respectively, while orf1ab, ORF10 and ORF3a proteins could coordinately attack heme to dissociate the iron to form the porphyrin. The mechanism seriously interfered with the normal heme anabolic pathway of the human body, being expected to result in human disease. According to the validation analysis of these finds, Chloroquine could prevent orf1ab, ORF3a and ORF10 to attack the heme to form the porphyrin, and inhibit the binding of ORF8 and surface glycoproteins to porphyrins to a certain extent. Therefore, this research is of high value to contemporary biological experiments, disease prevention and clinical treatment.</p>

scholarly journals Role of Vyadhikshamatva (Immunity) in COVID19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayur D. Patel ◽  
Archana Gharge
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Objective: The world was confronted with an illness 'COVID-19', caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-cov-2. This novel coronavirus is highly contagious and in just a few months has become a serious threat to human health all over the world. The mainstay in the management of corona viral infections has been supportive care, nutrition, and preventing secondary infections in the absence of any antiviral agent or vaccine. The best way of preventing COVID-19 infection is by enhancing an individual's body immunity. Hence the main objective of this study is to bring forward to the concept of immunity in Ayurveda for preventing COVID-19.  Data Source: Different Ayurvedic Samhitas and textbooks, modern medical books, research papers in different journals and internet sources were referred to understand the concept of ojas, immunity and COVID-19 Review Methods: To compile the available literature on immunity and COVID-19. To compile the importance of ojas and vyadhikshamatva. To compile the importance of the Ayurvedic concept of immunity in the prevention of COVID-19.  Results and Conclusion: The best way of preventing COVID-19 infection is by enhancing an individual's body immunity. Ojas is considered responsible for Vyadhikshamatva (immunity). An adequate exposition of the concept of ojas concerning immunity is essential during this COVID-19 pandemic.

SARS-COV2 virus and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
Mohamed J. Saadh ◽  
Bashar Haj Rashid M ◽  
Roa’a Matar ◽  
Sajeda Riyad Aldibs ◽  
Hala Sbaih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SARS-COV2 virus causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The novel coronavirus (2019) was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, the market of the wet animal, China with viral pneumonia cases and is life-threatening. Today, WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is likely to be zoonotic. It is transmitted from bats as intermediary animals to human. Also, the virus is transmitted from human to human who is in close contact with others. The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is nearly supportive; the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. The SARS-COV2 virus spreads faster than its two ancestors, the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. In this article, we aimed to summarize the transmission, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine to control the spread of this fatal disease.

The role and relationship of mindreading and social attunement in HRI – position statements of interdisciplinary researchers. Workshop HRI'20

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wykowska ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Stefan Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This booklet is a collection of the position statements accepted for the HRI’20 conference workshop “Social Cognition for HRI: Exploring the relationship between mindreading and social attunement in human-robot interaction” (Wykowska, Perez-Osorio &amp; Kopp, 2020). Unfortunately, due to the rapid unfolding of the novel coronavirus at the beginning of the present year, the conference and consequently our workshop, were canceled. On the light of these events, we decided to put together the positions statements accepted for the workshop. The contributions collected in these pages highlight the role of attribution of mental states to artificial agents in human-robot interaction, and precisely the quality and presence of social attunement mechanisms that are known to make human interaction smooth, efficient, and robust. These papers also accentuate the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to advance the understanding of the factors and the consequences of social interactions with artificial agents.

The Role of Spices with reference Novel Coronavirus Covid 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1655-1661
Author(s):  
Roshna Sukheoji Bhutada ◽  
Kritika Umate
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Common People ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Spices ◽  
Physiological Reactions

The need of the day is a brisk lift to the resistant framework to keep it fit, battling today pandemic infections, for example, Covid — 19. One should get the right amount of nutrients from the diet, supplementation regimen to boost the immune system. These spices are always there to make tasty food as well as to protect the body from infectious diseases by building the immunity strong Ayurveda approaches to develop physiological reactions to facilitate immunity. Planning of diet is most important to boost immunity. As per many types of research to provide supplementary food which contains Zinc, Vitamin C, Vitamin D and immunity boosting food such as dealing with plenty of spices for a very long time. These spices include some rare to very common spices which we can found near us. The concern is that these viral infections are very prone to attack weak immunity and take the chance to affect the country to the globe. So the very common spices available will be always helpful to get through this Regular use of a few spices in the very simple form proves its importance as a medicine. In this article a review of spices is done which we are available near us, we are using it in our daily life and we are getting the benefit of these which a common people might not be fully aware of about role of immunity building of the body. 

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