The Role of Aromatase Enzyme in Hormone Related Diseases and Plant-Based Aromatase Inhibitors as Therapeutic Regimens

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevser Taban Akça ◽  
Murside Ayşe Demirel ◽  
Ipek Süntar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

: Medicinal plants have a long history of use as food and remedy in traditional and modern societies, as well as have been used as herbal drugs and sources of novel bioactive compounds. They provide a wide array of chemical compounds, many of which can not be synthesized via current synthesis methods. Natural products may provide aromatase inhibitory activity through various pathways and may act clinically effective for treating pathologies associated with excessive aromatase secretion including breast, ovarian and endometrial cancers, endometriosis, uterine fibroid, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, infertility, and gynecomastia. Recent studies have shown that natural products with aromatase inhibitory activity, could also be good options against secondary recurrence of breast cancer by exhibiting chemopreventive effects. Therefore, screening for new plant-based aromatase inhibitors may provide novel leads for drug discovery and development, particularly with increased clinical efficacy and decreased side effects.

scholarly journals Antioxidants and Skin Protection

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
María Herranz-López ◽  
Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Skin Protection ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
And Function

Natural products have a long history of use for skincare and the improvement of the appearance and function of aged and/or damaged skin [...]

scholarly journals Metaphor’s Role in the Information Behavior of Humans Interacting with Computers

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Sease
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Information Behavior ◽  
Human Information Behavior ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gap Bridging ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Metaphors convey information, communicate abstractions, and help us understand new concepts. While the nascent field of information behavior (IB) has adopted common metaphors like “berry-picking” and “gap-bridging” for its models, the study of how people use metaphors is only now emerging in the subfield of human information organizing behavior (HIOB). Metaphors have been adopted in human–computer interaction (HCI) to facilitate the dialogue between user and system. Exploration of the literature on metaphors in the fields of linguistics and cognitive science as well as an examination of the history of use of metaphors in HCI as a case study of metaphor usage offers insight into the role of metaphor in human information behavior.</p><p>Editor’s note: This article is the winner of the LITA/Ex Libris Writing Award, 2008.</p>

Phytochemistry and Anticancer Potential of Notoginseng

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-Zhi Wang ◽  
Samantha Anderson ◽  
Chun-Su Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Anticancer Compounds ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Major Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Asian ginseng, American ginseng, and notoginseng are three major species in the ginseng family. Notoginseng is a Chinese herbal medicine with a long history of use in many Oriental countries. This botanical has a distinct ginsenoside profile compared to other ginseng herbs. As a saponin-rich plant, notoginseng could be a good candidate for cancer chemoprevention. However, to date, only relatively limited anticancer studies have been conducted on notoginseng. In this paper, after reviewing its anticancer data, phytochemical isolation and analysis of notoginseng is presented in comparison with Asian ginseng and American ginseng. Over 80 dammarane saponins have been isolated and elucidated from different plant parts of notoginseng, most of them belonging to protopanaxadiol or protopanaxatriol groups. The role of the enteric microbiome in mediating notoginseng metabolism, bioavailability, and pharmacological actions are discussed. Emphasis has been placed on the identification and isolation of enteric microbiome-generated notoginseng metabolites. Future investigations should provide key insights into notoginseng’s bioactive metabolites as clinically valuable anticancer compounds.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL MARINE-DERIVED FUNGI ISOLATED FROM SPONGE IN PRODUCE NEW AND BENEFICIAL COMPOUNDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Wendy Alexander Tanod ◽  
Muliadin ◽  
Yeldi S. Adel ◽  
Didit Kustantio Dewanto
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Drug Compounds ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
New Compounds

Marine organisms are a source of natural products and produce compounds with a molecular structure that is unique and useful. Thousands of new compounds have biological activitity for anticancer, antiviral, and antimicrobial. This compounds isolated from various marine organism, including from marine-derived fungi. Investigation of chemical compounds from marine-derived fungi isolated from sponge has increased steadily, indicating the important role of marine-derived fungi in the discovery of drug compounds. The sponge has produced various kinds of fungi, which have reported to provide a variety of pharmacologically active metabolites and structurally diverse. Study literature showed that many fungal genera isolated from the marine sponge dominated the genus Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Phoma, and Fusarium. The high proportion of genera and new compounds showed that the fungi isolated from the sponge could develop.

scholarly journals Pollen extracts increase growth of a trypanosome parasite of bumble bees

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan C Palmer-Young
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Trypanosome Infection ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Crithidia Bombi ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Phytochemicals produced by plants, including at flowers, function in protection against plant diseases, and have a long history of use against trypanosome infection. Floral nectar and pollen, the sole food sources for many species of insect pollinators, contain phytochemicals that have been shown to reduce trypanosome infection in bumble and honey bees when fed as isolated compounds. Nectar and pollen, however, consist of phytochemical mixtures, which can have greater antimicrobial activity than do single compounds. This study tested the hypothesis that pollen extracts would inhibit parasite growth.Extracts of six different pollens were tested for direct inhibitory activity against cell cultures of the bumble bee trypanosome gut parasite Crithidia bombi. Surprisingly, pollen extracts increased parasite growth rather than inhibiting it. Experimental manipulations of growth media showed that supplemental monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) were sufficient to promote growth, while a common floral phytochemical (caffeic acid) with inhibitory activity against other trypanosomes had only weak inhibitory effects on Crithidia bombi. These results indicate that, although pollen is essential for bees and other pollinators, pollen may promote growth of intestinal parasites that are uninhibited by pollen phytochemicals and, as a result, can benefit from the nutrients that pollen provides.

scholarly journals Pollen extracts increase growth of a trypanosome parasite of bumble bees

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan C Palmer-Young
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Trypanosome Infection ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Crithidia Bombi ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Phytochemicals produced by plants, including at flowers, function in protection against plant diseases, and have a long history of use against trypanosome infection. Floral nectar and pollen, the sole food sources for many species of insect pollinators, contain phytochemicals that have been shown to reduce trypanosome infection in bumble and honey bees when fed as isolated compounds. Nectar and pollen, however, consist of phytochemical mixtures, which can have greater antimicrobial activity than do single compounds. This study tested the hypothesis that pollen extracts would inhibit parasite growth.Extracts of six different pollens were tested for direct inhibitory activity against cell cultures of the bumble bee trypanosome gut parasite Crithidia bombi. Surprisingly, pollen extracts increased parasite growth rather than inhibiting it. Experimental manipulations of growth media showed that supplemental monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) were sufficient to promote growth, while a common floral phytochemical (caffeic acid) with inhibitory activity against other trypanosomes had only weak inhibitory effects on Crithidia bombi. These results indicate that, although pollen is essential for bees and other pollinators, pollen may promote growth of intestinal parasites that are uninhibited by pollen phytochemicals and, as a result, can benefit from the nutrients that pollen provides.

Role of Natural and Synthetic Flavonoids as Potential Aromatase Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: Structure-Activity Relationship Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umang Shah ◽  
Aarti Patel ◽  
Samir Patel ◽  
Mehul Patel ◽  
Ashish Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
World Health ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

: World Health Organization categorized breast cancer as one of the leading cancer types in females worldwide, and its treatment remains challenging. Accumulated evidence suggested the role of estrogen and its metabolites in pre- and post-menopausal women. Upregulation of estrogen-dependent aromatase is significantly involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Several aromatase inhibitors, such as exemestane, formestane, and letrozole, are being used clinically, owing to their estrogen suppression role. Apart from these drugs, several other molecules, such as natural and synthetic flavonoids, have been reported widely for a similar biological activity. However, some reasonable modifications are required for these structures to achieve desired efficacy and to alleviate toxicity. Designing a novel aromatase inhibitor will be possible if we can establish a rational correlation between the chemistry and biological features of the existing molecules. The benzopyranone-ring system, present in the flavonoid molecules, has been reported as a pharmacophore due to its inhibitory activity on aromatase, which helps repress breast cancer progression. This essential feature has been utilized to modify several natural flavonoids into 5 and 7 hydroxy/methoxy flavone, 4-imidazolyl/triazolyl flavone, 5,4’- diamino flavone, 7,8- benzo-4-imidazolyl flavone, α-naphthoflavone, and 2-azole/thiazolyl isoflavone derivatives. These scaffolds have been considered in this review for meticulous study in aspects of the structure-activity relationship for aromatase inhibitory activity, and it would likely pave the way for designing a potential lead candidate in the future.

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