Phytochemistry and Anticancer Potential of Notoginseng

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-Zhi Wang ◽  
Samantha Anderson ◽  
Chun-Su Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Anticancer Compounds ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Major Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Asian ginseng, American ginseng, and notoginseng are three major species in the ginseng family. Notoginseng is a Chinese herbal medicine with a long history of use in many Oriental countries. This botanical has a distinct ginsenoside profile compared to other ginseng herbs. As a saponin-rich plant, notoginseng could be a good candidate for cancer chemoprevention. However, to date, only relatively limited anticancer studies have been conducted on notoginseng. In this paper, after reviewing its anticancer data, phytochemical isolation and analysis of notoginseng is presented in comparison with Asian ginseng and American ginseng. Over 80 dammarane saponins have been isolated and elucidated from different plant parts of notoginseng, most of them belonging to protopanaxadiol or protopanaxatriol groups. The role of the enteric microbiome in mediating notoginseng metabolism, bioavailability, and pharmacological actions are discussed. Emphasis has been placed on the identification and isolation of enteric microbiome-generated notoginseng metabolites. Future investigations should provide key insights into notoginseng’s bioactive metabolites as clinically valuable anticancer compounds.

The Role of Aromatase Enzyme in Hormone Related Diseases and Plant-Based Aromatase Inhibitors as Therapeutic Regimens

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevser Taban Akça ◽  
Murside Ayşe Demirel ◽  
Ipek Süntar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

: Medicinal plants have a long history of use as food and remedy in traditional and modern societies, as well as have been used as herbal drugs and sources of novel bioactive compounds. They provide a wide array of chemical compounds, many of which can not be synthesized via current synthesis methods. Natural products may provide aromatase inhibitory activity through various pathways and may act clinically effective for treating pathologies associated with excessive aromatase secretion including breast, ovarian and endometrial cancers, endometriosis, uterine fibroid, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, infertility, and gynecomastia. Recent studies have shown that natural products with aromatase inhibitory activity, could also be good options against secondary recurrence of breast cancer by exhibiting chemopreventive effects. Therefore, screening for new plant-based aromatase inhibitors may provide novel leads for drug discovery and development, particularly with increased clinical efficacy and decreased side effects.

scholarly journals Metaphor’s Role in the Information Behavior of Humans Interacting with Computers

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Sease
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Information Behavior ◽  
Human Information Behavior ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gap Bridging ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Metaphors convey information, communicate abstractions, and help us understand new concepts. While the nascent field of information behavior (IB) has adopted common metaphors like “berry-picking” and “gap-bridging” for its models, the study of how people use metaphors is only now emerging in the subfield of human information organizing behavior (HIOB). Metaphors have been adopted in human–computer interaction (HCI) to facilitate the dialogue between user and system. Exploration of the literature on metaphors in the fields of linguistics and cognitive science as well as an examination of the history of use of metaphors in HCI as a case study of metaphor usage offers insight into the role of metaphor in human information behavior.</p><p>Editor’s note: This article is the winner of the LITA/Ex Libris Writing Award, 2008.</p>

Cancer Chemoprevention Effects of Ginger and its Active Constituents: Potential for New Drug Discovery

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (07) ◽  
pp. 1351-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-Zhi Wang ◽  
Lian-Wen Qi ◽  
Chun-Su Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Lead Compound ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Anticancer Compounds ◽  
Computational Docking ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Anti Cancer

Ginger is a commonly used spice and herbal medicine worldwide. Besides its extensive use as a condiment, ginger has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the management of various medical conditions. In recent years, ginger has received wide attention due to its observed antiemetic and anticancer activities. This paper reviews the potential role of ginger and its active constituents in cancer chemoprevention. The phytochemistry, bioactivity, and molecular targets of ginger constituents, especially 6-shogaol, are discussed. The content of 6-shogaol is very low in fresh ginger, but significantly higher after steaming. With reported anti-cancer activities, 6-shogaol can be served as a lead compound for new drug discovery. The lead compound derivative synthesis, bioactivity evaluation, and computational docking provide a promising opportunity to identify novel anticancer compounds originating from ginger.

scholarly journals The Role of Combination of 20% Azelaic Acid with 0.05% Tretinoin Cream in the Treatment of Melasma

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
SC Hazra ◽  
MR Siddique ◽  
L Khondker ◽  
MSI Khan ◽  
MM Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Azelaic Acid ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Severity Index Score ◽  
History Of ◽  
Facial Area ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Medical University

Melasma is characterized by brown patches, typically on malar prominences and forehead. The pigmented patches are usually affect darker complexioned individual especially Asian. So it is a great problem in our country. A clinical trial was conducted to find out the effect of the combination of 20% azelaic acid cream with 0.05% tretinoin cream in the treatment of melasma. Thirty clinically diagnosed cases of melasma attending the outpatient department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, were enrolled Majority of !he study subjects (43%) were between 26 to 30 years and most of them (73.3%) were female. Regarding occupation 56.7% were housewife. Out of the study subjects 70% were married and 86.7% were of middle class. Around 66.7% cases had positive family history of melasma and maximum 93.3% patient had no history of systemic drug and the maxim11m 73.3% patient had no history of use of cosmetics. It was observed that highest (93.3%) number of patients had malar area involvement and 6. 7% had centro-facial area involvement. The st11dy showed that after treatment, the average MASI (Melasma Area and Severity Index) score was decreased by 38 66% indicating moderate reduction of the severity of melasma Out of the study subjects, 50%, 30%, 16% developed burning sensation, itching and erythema respectively It could be concluded that combination of 20% azelaic acid and 0.05% tretinoin cream, has a moderate lightening effect in the treatment of melasma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i2.18501 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2011 Vol.40(2): 26-30

scholarly journals Chair as a mediating technology of organization

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Maria-Laura Toraldo ◽  
Jeanne Mengis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Object ◽  
Organizational Life ◽  
Cultural Artefact ◽  
Artistic Representation ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

This chapter examines the chair as both a mundane, physical object with the role of ‘seating a person’ and as a cultural artefact with a history of use, of handcraft, of design, and even of artistic representation. It suggests the chair’s agency is only partly given by its specific materiality, but is also shaped by the manifold historic, artistic, craft, design, and architectural contexts in which it has been placed. By tracing these material and discursive relations, the chapter shows how the chair enables and shapes organizational life by both visualizing absence and thus creating a longing for presence and by affirming social positions and elevating power.

scholarly journals Sinovenous Abnormalities in Patients of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
M Pervez Amin ◽  
Pijush Kumar Kundu ◽  
M Munzur Alahi ◽  
Mukul Kumar Sarkar ◽  
M Ahmed Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Transverse Sinus ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
The Brain

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension is a disease of unknown aetiology common in obese females and presents with headache, papilledema, raised CSF opening pressure, no abnormalities in CSF examination and no abnormality on CT scan or MRI of the Brain. Sinovenous abnormalities are commonly detected in patients of IIH by different neuroimaging techniques. But the exact role of these sinovenous abnormalities in the causation of the disease or whether they are an effect of the disease is not yet known. Nor has a ‘gold standard’ investigation been established yet for detection of the sinovenous abnormalities. This study was done to detect the presence of sinovenous abnormalities in IIH patients by performing a Magnetic Resonance Venography of the brain. All 33 patients of IIH who presented to Rajshahi Medical College Hospital during the study period from June 2009 to May 2010 were included in the study. There were 30 females and 3 males having a F:M ratio of 10:1. 91% of the patients were between 20 and 35 years of age and most of them were married housewives. 63.64% patients had history of use of oral contraceptives. Unusually 51.52% of the patients had a BMI less than 25 indicating that they were not even overweight (BMI 25 to 30). Only 6% of the patients had BMI > 30 indicating that they were obese. Headache and papilloedema were present in all patients but visual difficulties were present only in 54.54% of the patients. Abnormalities in MRV of the brain were detected in 27.27% (9/33) of the patients and transverse sinus hypoplasia was the commonest finding (88.89% - 8/9 patients). There was no statistically significant difference in the findings of MRV abnormalities between the males and females or among the patients having BMI less or more than 25TAJ 2013; 26: 53-56

scholarly journals The Role of Combination of 20% Azelaic Acid with 0.05% Tretinoin Cream in the Treatment of Melasma - A study in FMCH.

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Krishna Gopal Sen ◽  
Sumitendra Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Md Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Md Kamal Mostofa ◽  
Asit Ranjan Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Azelaic Acid ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Facial Area ◽  
History Of Use

Melasma is characterized by melanosis with sharply demarcated blotchy, brown macules usually in a symmetric distribution over the cheeks and forehead and sometimes on the upper lip and neck. It is most often seen in women during pregnancy, at menopause and while taking oral contraceptives; it occasionally occurs in women who are not pregnant or taking oral contraceptives, as well as men. So it is a great problem in our country. A clinical trial was conducted to find out the effect of the combination of 20% azelaic acid with 0.05% tretinoin cream in the treatment of melasma. Twenty clinically diagnosed cases of melasma attending the outpatient department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faridpur Medical College Hospital, Faridpur were enrolled. Majority of the study subjects (40%) were between 26 to 30 years of age and most of them (60%) were females. Regarding occupation, 60% were housewife. Out of the study subjects 75% were married and 60% were middle class. Around 60% cases had positive family history of melasma and maximum (90%) patient had no history of systemic drug and the maximum (80%) patients had no history of use of cosmetics. It was observed that highest (90%) number of patients had malar area involvement and 10% had centro-facial area involvement. The study showed moderate reduction of the severity of melasma after the treatment. Out of the study subjects, 40% and 20% developed burning sensation and erythema respectively. It could be concluded that combination of 20% azelaic acid and 0.05% tretinoin cream, has a moderate lightening effect in the treatment of melasma.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2016;11(2): 50-53

Genetic and environmental influences on illicit drug use and tobacco use across birth cohorts

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1349-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH S. KENDLER ◽  
CHARLES GARDNER ◽  
KRISTEN C. JACOBSON ◽  
MICHAEL C. NEALE ◽  
CAROL A. PRESCOTT
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Moderate Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use ◽  
History Of Use

Background. The prevalence of use of many psychoactive substances has changed considerably in recent years. While genetic factors impact on overall risk for substance use, we know little about whether the etiological importance of these factors differs across birth cohorts. One theory, which postulates that heritability of deviant traits increases in permissive environments, predicts a positive relationship across cohorts between prevalence and heritability of substance use.Method. The lifetime history of use of tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, sedatives and stimulants were assessed in 4826 twins from male–male and female–female pairs born in Virginia from 1934 to 1974. Using empirical methods based on prevalence by birth year, these twins were divided into three cohorts for each substance (e.g. for cannabis 1934–1953, 1954–1968 and 1969–1974). Structural equation modeling was performed using the Mx software package.Results. Prevalence rates for psychoactive substance use differed substantially across cohorts, most markedly for cocaine, sedatives and stimulants, which were highest in the 1958–1963 cohort. However, for all substances, the best-fit model constrained estimates of the etiological role of genetic and environmental risk factors to be equal across both sex and cohort.Conclusions. We found no evidence in this sample for any systematic relationship between heritability and prevalence of psychoactive substance use – which should be a rough index of drug availability and/or acceptability. This sample had reasonable power to detect large changes in heritability across cohorts and at least moderate power to detect relatively small changes.

The Role of Periplaneta americana (Blattodea: Blattidae) in Modern Versus Traditional Chinese Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1522-1526
Author(s):  
Chenjuan Zeng ◽  
Qi Liao ◽  
Ye Hu ◽  
Yongmei Shen ◽  
Funeng Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Abstract The purpose of this review is to elaborate the role of Periplaneta (P.) americana L. in modern and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and compare the use of the species in these two forms of medical treatments. From searches on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, studies were identified involving TCMs with P. americana, which have a history of use over several thousand years, and demonstrate how extracts from this insect play a role in the treatment of diseases through antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor activity, and enhancement of immune function. Extracts from P. americana have not been fully developed for clinical use because the active components have not been completely purified or their molecular mechanisms thoroughly understood. The development of extraction technology in modern Chinese medicine has revealed that many extracts from P. americana are able to play an important role in the control of diseases such as cancer. Drugs such as ‘Kangfuxin Solution’ and ‘Xinmailong Injection’ are now widely used for gastrointestinal ulcers and chronic heart failure, having achieved beneficial curative effects in clinical studies. Based on this, the information from studies of P. americana in TCM and modern medicine should be combined and their respective advantages applied. This review provides an overview of the role of P. americana in modern and TCM and thus contributes to identification of further applications and area requiring drug development.

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