Stimulants and Depressor Drugs in the Sleep-Wake Cycle Modulation: The case of alcohol and cannabinoids

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Murillo-Rodríguez ◽  
Cristina Carreón ◽  
Mario Eduardo Acosta-Hernández ◽  
Fabio García-García
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Sleep Control

Abstract: A complex neurobiological network drives the sleep-wake cycle. In addition, external stimuli, including stimulants or depressor drugs, also influence the control of sleep. Here we review the recent advances that contribute to the comprehensive understanding of the actions of stimulants and depressor compounds, such as alcohol and cannabis, in sleep regulation. The objective of this review is to highlight the neurobiological mechanism engaged by alcohol and cannabis in sleep control.

scholarly journals Organic Cocrystals: Recent Advances and Perspectives for Electronic and Magnetic Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjia Jiang ◽  
Chun Zhen ◽  
Shuyu Li ◽  
Xiaotao Zhang ◽  
Wenping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Electronic And Magnetic Properties ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Magnetic Applications ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Growth Methods

Cocrystal engineering is an advanced supramolecular strategy that has attracted a lot of research interest. Many studies on cocrystals in various application fields have been reported, with a particular focus on the optoelectronics field. However, few articles have combined and summarized the electronic and magnetic properties of cocrystals. In this review, we first introduce the growth methods that serve as the basis for realizing the different properties of cocrystals. Thereafter, we present an overview of cocrystal applications in electronic and magnetic fields. Some functional devices based on cocrystals are also introduced. We hope that this review will provide researchers with a more comprehensive understanding of the latest progress and prospects of cocrystals in electronic and magnetic fields.

scholarly journals Astrocytic GABA Transporter controls sleep by modulating GABAergic signaling in Drosophila circadian neurons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Chaturvedi ◽  
Tobias Stork ◽  
Chunyan Yuan ◽  
Marc R Freeman ◽  
Patrick Emery
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Gaba Transporter ◽  
Sleep Consolidation ◽  
Sleep Amount ◽  
Wide Awake ◽  
Sleep Control

A precise balance between sleep and wakefulness is essential to sustain a good quality of life and optimal brain function. GABA is known to play a key and conserved role in sleep control, and GABAergic tone should therefore be tightly controlled in sleep circuits. Here we examined the role of the astrocytic GABA transporter (GAT) in sleep regulation using Drosophila melanogaster. We found that a hypomorphic gat mutation (gat33-1) increased sleep amount, decreased sleep latency, and increased sleep consolidation. Interestingly, sleep defects were suppressed when gat33-1 was combined with a mutation disrupting wide-awake (wake), a gene that regulates the cell-surface levels of the GABAA receptor Resistance to Dieldrin (RDL) in the wake-promoting large ventral lateral neurons (l-LNvs). Moreover, RNAi knockdown of rdl and its modulator dnlg4 in these circadian neurons also suppressed gat33-1 sleep phenotypes. Brain immunohistochemistry showed that GAT-expressing astrocytes were located near RDL-positive l-LNvs cell bodies and dendritic processes. We conclude that astrocytic GAT decreases GABAergic tone and RDL activation in arousal promoting LNvs, thus determining proper sleep amount and quality in Drosophila

scholarly journals Analysis of genes within the schizophrenia-linked 22q11.2 deletion identifies interaction of night owl/LZTR1 and NF1 in GABAergic sleep control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianna W. Maurer ◽  
Alina Malita ◽  
Stanislav Nagy ◽  
Takashi Koyama ◽  
Thomas M. Werge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Night Time ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Neurofibromin 1 ◽  
Sleep Control

AbstractThe human 22q11.2 chromosomal deletion is one of the strongest identified genetic risk factors for schizophrenia. Although the deletion spans a number of genes, the contribution of each of these to the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) is not known. To investigate the effect of individual genes within this interval on the pathophysiology associated with the deletion, we analyzed their role in sleep, a behavior affected in virtually all psychiatric disorders, including the 22q11.2 DS. We identified the gene LZTR1 (night owl, nowl) as a regulator of sleep in Drosophila. Neuronal loss of nowl causes short and fragmented sleep, especially during the night. In humans, LZTR1 has been associated with Ras-dependent neurological diseases also caused by Neurofibromin-1 (Nf1) deficiency. We show that Nf1 loss leads to a night-time sleep phenotype nearly identical to that of nowl loss, and that nowl negatively regulates Ras and interacts with Nf1 in sleep regulation. We also show that nowl is required for metabolic homeostasis, suggesting that LZTR1 may contribute to the genetic susceptibility to obesity associated with the 22q11.2 DS. Furthermore, knockdown of nowl or Nf1 in GABA-responsive sleep-promoting neurons elicits the sleep-fragmentation phenotype, and this defect can be rescued by increased GABAA receptor signaling, indicating that Nowl promotes sleep by decreasing the excitability of GABA-responsive wake-driving neurons. Our results suggest that nowl/LZTR1 may be a conserved regulator of GABA signaling and sleep that contributes to the 22q11.2 DS.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Finishing and Polishing for Restorative Materials - A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (33) ◽  
pp. 2841-2846
Author(s):  
Shweta Gupta ◽  
Parinitha Mysore Shankar ◽  
Sowmya Halassabalu Kalgeria ◽  
Ashwini Tumkur Shivakumar
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
New Era ◽  
Dental Restorations ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
Made In

The important key to dentistry is to render best dental care to the patients. Science is undergoing great revolutions that are leading us to a new era of dentistry. The development and implementation of any new system relies on comprehensive understanding of the existing systems. A well contoured, finished, and polished restoration results in welfare regarding dental concern in terms of oral health, oral function and aesthetics. These procedures call for an incremental stepwise approach establishing finest scratches to the substrate surface in order to systematically eliminate the deeper or profound scratches from previous grinding. Fortunately, dentistry has been the focal point of a great covenant research in recent years with the desire of ameliorating restoration performances. In this article we put forward the basic foundation regarding the finishing polishing technique, the ideology behind it, objectives and why it is important. The article discusses evidence based information to enlighten the paramount significance of this step in enhancing the properties of a restoration. Here, in this article we majorly review the recent aids or inventions made in the field of finishing and polishing materials with currently published reference articles. The knowledge and impact of new technologies is higher than we expected. It helps us in improvising our methodologies with enlightening places of correlation with research. It helps us improve our work and deliver high quality treatment with less time and more patient satisfaction. The overall point of this article is to give the readers with an improved mindfulness and more extensive information on the standards and apparatuses accessible to create ideal dental restorations. KEY WORDS Abrasives, Dental Restorations, Finishing, Polishing, Recent Advances

scholarly journals The Dynamical Systems Properties of the HOG Signaling Cascade

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Miermont ◽  
Jannis Uhlendorf ◽  
Megan McClean ◽  
Pascal Hersen
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Hog Pathway ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Map Kinase Pathway ◽  
External Signals ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Kinase Pathway

The High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) MAP kinase pathway in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the best characterized model signaling pathways. The pathway processes external signals of increased osmolarity into appropriate physiological responses within the yeast cell. Recent advances in microfluidic technology coupled with quantitative modeling, and techniques from reverse systems engineering have allowed yet further insight into this already well-understood pathway. These new techniques are essential for understanding the dynamical processes at play when cells process external stimuli into biological responses. They are widely applicable to other signaling pathways of interest. Here, we review the recent advances brought by these approaches in the context of understanding the dynamics of the HOG pathway signaling.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial dynamics and cancer

Tumor Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 101042831769839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Maycotte ◽  
Alvaro Marín-Hernández ◽  
Miriam Goyri-Aguirre ◽  
Maricruz Anaya-Ruiz ◽  
Julio Reyes-Leyva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Many ◽  
External Stimuli

Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide, and the number of new cases continues to rise. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, millions of cancer-related deaths occur, indicating the need for better therapies and diagnostic strategies. Mitochondria and metabolic alterations have been recognized as important for cancer progression. However, a more precise understanding of how to manipulate mitochondria-related processes for cancer therapy remains to be established. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles which continually fuse and divide in response to diverse stimuli. Participation in the aforementioned processes requires a precise regulation at many levels that allows the cell to couple mitochondrial activity to nutrient availability, biosynthetic demands, proliferation rates, and external stimuli. The many functions of these organelles are intimately linked to their morphology. Recent evidence suggests an important link between mitochondrial morphology and disease, including neurodegenerative, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of mitochondrial dynamics with a special focus on its relationship to tumor progression.

scholarly journals Stimuli-responsive dynamic pseudorotaxane crystals

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 2258-2269
Author(s):  
Masaki Horie ◽  
Chi-Hsien Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
External Stimuli

This review summarizes recent advances in dynamic pseudorotaxane crystals with response to external stimuli, such as light and/or heat.

scholarly journals The Quest for the Hippocampal Memory Engram: From Theories to Experimental Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Miry ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Lu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Experimental Support ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Memory Engram ◽  
And Function ◽  
Memory Indexing ◽  
Theoretical Proposal

More than a century after Richard Semon's theoretical proposal of the memory engram, technological advancements have finally enabled experimental access to engram cells and their functional contents. In this review, we summarize theories and their experimental support regarding hippocampal memory engram formation and function. Specifically, we discuss recent advances in the engram field which help to reconcile two main theories for how the hippocampus supports memory formation: The Memory Indexing and Cognitive Map theories. We also highlight the latest evidence for engram allocation mechanisms through which memories can be linked or separately encoded. Finally, we identify unanswered questions for future investigations, through which a more comprehensive understanding of memory formation and retrieval may be achieved.

Recent advances in diarylethene-based multi-responsive molecular switches

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 3075-3093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou-Zhi Pu ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Cong-Bin Fan ◽  
Ren-Jie Wang ◽  
Gang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Molecular Switches ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Recent Research Progress

This review highlights the recent research progress on diarylethene-based multi-responsive molecular switches with special emphasis on the modulation of their photophysical properties by multiple external stimuli.

Recent advances in understanding Li–CO2 electrochemistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Liu ◽  
Yinglun Sun ◽  
Lingyang Liu ◽  
Jiangtao Chen ◽  
Bingjun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Recent Advances

This review presents a comprehensive understanding of recent advances in Li–CO2 electrochemistry and aims to develop advanced Li–CO2 batteries.

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