Electron-Microscopic Investigation of the Distribution of Titanium Dioxide (rutile) Nanoparticles in the Rats’ Small Intestine Mucosa, Liver, and Spleen

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-279
Author(s):  
Olga D. Hendrickson ◽  
Tatyana A. Platonova ◽  
Svetlana M. Pridvorova ◽  
Anatoly V. Zherdev ◽  
Ivan V. Gmoshinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
Intestine Mucosa

Background: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is currently one of the most widely known nanomaterials produced for different purposes. The adverse effects of nano-dispersed TiO2 cause a serious concern about human health problems related to the intake of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). The investigation of TiO2 NPs’ penetration through the gut epithelium into secondary organs and the relevant biological effects has an undoubted importance when assessing the potential risk of using TiO2 NPs. Objective: In the current study, we investigated the effect of rutile TiO2 NPs on tissues of the small intestine, liver, and spleen. For this purpose, we used a physiological model that simulates the single administration of TiO2 NPs directly into the intestinal lumen of an experimental animal. Methods: Suspensions TiO2 NPs were administered via an isolated loop of the small intestine at a single dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight. TiO2 NPs were detected in rats’ tissues by transmission electron microscopy. Results: TiO2 NPs were found in tissues of the small intestine mucosa, liver, and spleen. The administration of TiO2 NPs resulted in different changes in the cellular ultrastructures: hyperplasia of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, an increase in the size of the mitochondria, the emergence of local extensions into the perinuclear space, and the appearance of myelin-like structures. Conclusion: The ultrastructural changes found in the individual cells of the small intestine, liver, and spleen indicated intracellular pathology, induced by the high doses of the TiO2 NPs. The spleen tissue appeared to be the most sensitive to the effect of TiO2 NPs.

Liver Ultrastructural Pathology in Cocaine Users

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
H.J. Finol ◽  
D.D. Mondragón ◽  
Y.M. González ◽  
C. Paradisi ◽  
N. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Ultrastructural Pathology ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Cocaine Users

Although liver function tests could be abnormal in humans taking cocaine the histopathological basis for this disorder has not been well established. Light microscopic studies have shown the existence of peripheral, centrilobular or diffuse necrosis. The only electron microscopic investigation we could find reports hepatocyte alterations including dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, hypertrophy of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and existence of phagolysosomes. In this work we report the liver ultrastructural pathology in chronic cocaine users.Liver biopsies were obtained in five male patients, 25-44 years old. These patients had consumed cocaine and other drugs (marihuana, alcohol, amphetamines, etc..) for 7-30 years. All of them had altered liver function tests. Tissue samples were processed with routine techniques for transmission electron microscopy and observed in a Hitachi H-500 electron microscope.Abnormalities observed included those previously reported as swollen rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, presence of autophagic vacuoles and lipid deposition.

Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Intestinal Absorption of Glucose by Ex Vivo Everted Rat Gut Sac Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 4586-4595
Author(s):  
Yun Wang ◽  
Zhangjian Chen ◽  
Shi Chen ◽  
Lin Zhuo ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) as food additives were widely found in various foodrelated products, especially in high-sugar foods. The daily intake of TiO2 NPs in the diet may therefore expose the small intestine to TiO2 NPs and affect its physiological functions, including the absorption of nutrients. It is speculated that TiO2 may cause serious health hazards by increasing sugar uptake. To explore this possibility, transport of glucose from small intestine was studied using an everted gut sac model prepared from small intestine of young healthy male SD rats. The translocation of TiO2 NPs and the morphological changes of small intestine were also observed after exposure of intestinal lumen to TiO2 NPs for 2 h. The results showed that TiO2 NPs can enter into enterocyte but hardly cross the intestinal epithelium. No change on microstructure of gut epithelia and expression of glucose transporter was found, and there is no obvious impact on intestinal absorption and metabolism of glucose. These results suggest that short-term exposure to TiO2 NPs has little influence on intestinal absorption of glucose. More attention should be paid to the chronic effect of dietary consumption of TiO2 NPs on nutrient absorption.

scholarly journals Electron-Microscopic Investigation of the Flora of Sheep Alimentary Tract

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Hoogenraad ◽  
FJR Hird
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Large Numbers

Digesta from different regions of the sheep alimentary tract have been examined using electron microscopy. Direct examination of digesta from the rumen has revealed the presence of a number of phages and of a large variety of bacteria differing considerably in their morphology. An atlas of electron micrographs of these bacteria has been presented. The presence of large numbers of bacterial cell walls ;n the rumen indicates that the breakdown of bacteria commences in this organ. The major sites of digestion of bacteria are in the abomasum and small intestine where there is a substantial removal and modification of bacteria.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural study of mucous cells of rat colon in long-term hypergastrinemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
O. Voronina ◽  
S. Harmatina ◽  
T. Beregova ◽  
M. Dzerzhynskyy
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Gastrin Level ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Intestine Mucosa

Gastrin is considered one of the most important hormones regulating physiological processes. Trophic and proliferative effects of high gastrin levels on gastric mucosa are well known. Butinformation about gastrin effects on the colon is rather fragmentary and contradictory. In this study, ultrastructural changes in the proximal part of the colon induced in rats by chronic hypergastrinemia were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Experimental omeprazole-induced hypergastrinemia was reproduced using daily injections of proton pump inhibitor omeprazole in rats, resulted in hypersecrestion of gastrin by G-cells of stomach. Growth of gastrin level in the blood plasma was checked using radioimmunoassay method. Prolonged hypergastrinemia has been shown to be associated with increased cell proliferation and appearance of cellular atypia in the large intestine mucosa. The number of undifferentiated cells increased prominently. Intercellular contacts between such cells are altered, the space between them is unevenly expanded. Their organelles were observed significantly reduced, mitochondria contained destroyed crysts and signs of edema. Endocrinocytes did not contain their typical secretory granules. Cell nuclei were small, electron-dense, with invagination. In addition, numerous microorganisms were revealed in the intestinal lumen, as well as their invasion into the mucosa. Those ultrastructural changes were indicate increased hyperplastic processes and impaired cell differentiation in the epitheliocytes of large intestine. Therefore, long-term experimental hypergastrinaemia causes dysplastic changes in the large intestine mucosa of rats.

scholarly journals Transient expression of [D-Ala2] deltorphin I-like immunoreactivity in prenatal rat small intestine.

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1377-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Matsui ◽  
M Fujimiya ◽  
S Matsui ◽  
Y Amakata ◽  
T Renda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Apical Cytoplasm ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells

We studied the distribution of immunoreactive elements for [D-Ala2] deltorphin I (DADTI), a delta-opioid receptor ligand, in fetal and postnatal rat small intestine. DADTI-like immunoreactive cells were detected transiently on embryonic Days 20 and 21. Electron microscopic examination revealed that positive staining occurred in mucous epithelial cells, either mature goblet cells or undifferentiated cells containing only a few mucous granules. Positive immunoreaction products in mature goblet cells were confined in their apical cytoplasm to the luminal parts of mucous granule aggregates. The result suggests that a DADTI-like molecule(s) is synthesized in rat intestinal goblet cells and is secreted in a diacrine fashion into the intestinal lumen at a late fetal period. The molecule(s) thus secreted may be important for the intestine of rats just before birth, because DADTI-like immunopositive goblet cells are no longer seen at any postnatal period.

Electron microscopic investigation and elemental analysis of titanium dioxide in sun lotion

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sysoltseva ◽  
R. Winterhalter ◽  
A. S. Wochnik ◽  
C. Scheu ◽  
H. Fromme
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic

scholarly journals The role of sorbents and probiotics in prevention of structural and morphological disorders in the small intestine of animals developing in dysbiosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
V.V. Bobyr ◽  
L.O. Stechenko ◽  
V.P. Shirobokov ◽  
O.A. Nazarchuk ◽  
O.V. Rymsha
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Noticeable Increase

The past decade is characterized by a noticeable increase in the interest of physicians in all areas of activity in the development of new and improvement of existing approaches to the correction of dysbiotic disorders. Among them, the concept of using probiotics occupies a leading position. At the same time, some enterosorbents, the mechanism of action of which is largely due to the sanitation of the intestinal lumen and due to this improvement of conditions for the vital activity of the physiological microbiota, can be attributed to the group of means of improving the normal microflora. In the context of an increase in the level of resistance to antibacterial agents, the inclusion of enterosorbents in the complex therapy of dysbiosis is an important and pathogenetically justified approach. The aim of the work was to clarify the effectiveness of the use of sorbents and probiotics for the prevention of structural and morphological disorders in the small intestine of white mice developing against the background of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Electron-microscopic methods showed that in the mucous membrane of the small intestine of mice after using the probiotic “Simbiter” the extinction of manifestations of cytodestructive disorders is observed. In addition, the obtained electron microscopic data, indicating the ability of probiotic drugs with the simultaneous introduction into the body of animals with a complex of antibiotics, to stimulate the body’s immune response. As a result of ultrastructural analysis of the mucous membrane of the small intestine of mice, the formation of dysbiosis in which occurred against the background of the use of enterosorbents, a decrease in the severity of structural damage was found, compared with the group of animals that received only antibiotics. After using “Symbiogel”, activation of plasma cells was registered, which can be an indicator of the inflammatory process and the activity of the immune response in general, as evidenced by the detection of plasma cells with dilated tubules. In general, it should be noted that the use of “Symbiogel” for the prevention of dysbiotic disorders contributes to the formation of a more pronounced immune response, compared with probiotic drugs. So, on the model of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis at the ultrastructural level, the ability of multiprobiotics “Simbiter®” and sorbent “Symbiogel” to reduce cytodestructive changes in the mucous membrane of the small intestine of mice and normalize morphoimunogenesis was proved.

Hepatic Ultrastructure Changes Induced by Lithocholic Acid

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 162-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Microscopic Studies

Addition of lithocholic acid (LCA), a naturally occurring bile acid in mammals, to a low protein diet fed to rats induced marked inflammatory reaction in the hepatic cells followed by hydropic degeneration and ductular cell proliferation. These changes were accompanied by dilatation and hyperplasia of the common bile duct and formation of “gallstones”. All these changes were reversible when LCA was withdrawn from the low protein diet except for the hardened gallstones which persisted.Electron microscopic studies revealed marked alterations in the hepatic cells. Early changes included disorganization, fragmentation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and detachment of its ribosomes. Free ribosomes, either singly or arranged in small clusters were frequently seen in most of the hepatic cells. Vesiculation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum was often encountered as early as one week after the administration of LCA (Fig. 1).

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