A Concise Review of Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery and Release

This review provides an updated vision about the recent developments in the field of drug vectorization using functional nanoparticles and other nanovectors. From a large number of these nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems that emerge nearly every week, only a tiny fraction reaches a pre-clinical or clinical phase study. In this report, we intend to provide contextual information about those nanocarriers and release methods that have shown the best outcomes at in vitro and in vivo experiments, highlighting those with proven therapeutic efficiency in humans. From silicabased porous nanoparticles to liposomes or polymeric nanoparticles, each one of these nanosystems has its advantages and drawbacks. We describe and discuss briefly those approaches that, in our criterion, have provided significant advancements over existing therapies at the in vivo level. This work also provides a general view of those commercially available nanovectors and their specific area of therapeutic action.

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Stimuli-responsive Polymeric nanosystems for therapeutic applications

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612827666211208150210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

Author(s):

Mayank Handa ◽

Ajit Singh ◽

S.J.S. Flora ◽

Rahul Shukla

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Metallic Nanoparticles ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Specific Drug ◽

Stimuli Responsive

Background: Recent past decades have reported emerging of polymeric nanoparticles as a promising technique for controlled and targeted drug delivery. As nanocarriers, they have high drug loading and delivery to the specific site or targeted cells with an advantage of no drug leakage within en route and unloading of a drug in a sustained fashion at the site. These stimuli-responsive systems are functionalized in dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomal nanoparticles, quantum dots. Purpose of Review: The authors reviewed the potential of smart stimuli-responsive carriers for therapeutic application and their behavior in external or internal stimuli like pH, temperature, redox, light, and magnet. These stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems behave differently in In vitro and In vivo drug release patterns. Stimuli-responsive nanosystems include both hydrophilic and hydrophobic systems. This review highlights the recent development of the physical properties and their application in specific drug delivery. Conclusion: The stimuli (smart, intelligent, programmed) drug delivery systems provide site-specific drug delivery with potential therapy for cancer, neurodegenerative, lifestyle disorders. As development and innovation, the stimuli-responsive based nanocarriers are moving at a fast pace and huge demand for biocompatible and biodegradable responsive polymers for effective and safe delivery.

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In vitro, in vivo and pharmacokinetic assessment of amikacin sulphate laden polymeric nanoparticles meant for controlled ocular drug delivery

Applied Nanoscience ◽

10.1007/s13204-014-0300-y ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 143-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Upendra Kumar Sharma ◽

Amita Verma ◽

Sunil Kuamr Prajapati ◽

Himanshu Pandey ◽

Avinash C. Pandey

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽

Ocular Drug Delivery ◽

Pharmacokinetic Assessment

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PLA/PLGA nanoparticles for delivery of drugs across the blood-brain barrier

Nanotechnology Reviews ◽

10.1515/ntrev-2012-0084 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 241-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Jingyan Li ◽

Cristina Sabliov

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Blood Brain Barrier ◽

Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽

Drug Carrier ◽

Plga Nanoparticles ◽

Brain Barrier ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Blood Brain

AbstractThe blood-brain barrier (BBB), which protects the central nervous system (CNS) from unnecessary substances, is a challenging obstacle in the treatment of CNS disease. Many therapeutic agents such as hydrophilic and macromolecular drugs cannot overcome the BBB. One promising solution is the employment of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) such as poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs as drug carrier. Over the past few years, significant breakthroughs have been made in developing suitable PLGA and poly (lactic acid) (PLA) NPs for drug delivery across the BBB. Recent advances on PLGA/PLA NPs enhanced neural delivery of drugs are reviewed in this paper. Both in vitro and in vivo studies are included. In these papers, enhanced cellular uptake and therapeutic efficacy of drugs delivered with modified PLGA/PLA NPs compared with free drugs or drugs delivered by unmodified PLGA/PLA NPs were shown; no significant in vitro cytotoxicity was observed for PLGA/PLA NPs. Surface modification of PLGA/PLA NPs by coating with surfactants/polymers or covalently conjugating the NPs with targeting ligands has been confirmed to enhance drug delivery across the BBB. Most unmodified PLGA NPs showed low brain uptake (<1%), which indirectly confirms the safety of PLGA/PLA NPs used for other purposes than treating CNS diseases.

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The high potency of polymeric nanoparticles in the drug delivery system for hypertension treatment; A systematic review

Current Hypertension Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573402117666210921121622 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Mohammadipour ◽

Aliasghar Kiani ◽

Arash Amin

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Oral Absorption ◽

Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽

Hypertension Treatment ◽

High Potency

Background: Polymeric nanomaterials with size ranging from 10 to 1000 nm are one of the most widely used types of nanoparticles with ideal properties in the drug delivery systems. Here, we decided to systematically review the antihypertensive effects of polymeric nanomaterials in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. Methods: The present review was conducted based on the 06- PRISMA guideline; whereas five English databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar without time limitation were used for searching the publications related to antihypertensive effects of natural and synthetic polymeric nanoparticles. Results: The results demonstrated that among 1701 papers, 25 papers including 11 in vitro (44%), 6 in vivo (24%), 7 in vitro / in vivo (28%), and 1 in vitro / ex vivo (4%) up to 2020, met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review. The most used nanoparticles poly-(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticle (PLGANPs) (7, 29.2%), chitosan based nanoparticles (6, 25%), followed by polylactide acid nanoparticles (5, 20.8%). Conclusion: We concluded that the high potency of polymeric nanoparticles in the drug delivery system for hypertension treatment. Although the accurate mechanisms are not fully understood; however, some mechanisms such as sustained release forms with increased bioavailability, increasing oral bioavailability and improve the oral and non-oral absorption, counteracting excessive superoxide and decreasing blood pressure, etc can be related these nanoparticles.

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Preparation of Isorhamnetin Nanoparticles and Their Targeting Efficiency to Nasopharynx Cancer

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2021.18690 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 1293-1299

Author(s):

Bo Yang ◽

Fang Zhang ◽

Weili Yuan ◽

Li Du ◽

Xuejun Jiang

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Targeted Drug Delivery ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Cervical Cancer Cells ◽

Targeted Drug ◽

Nasopharynx Cancer

Cancer is a serious threat to human health and longevity, and is an important cause of disease death. At present, cancer is mainly treated by surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, etc. The existing various methods of treating tumors have their limitations. Although there are immune, genetic and other treatment methods, they are still immature. Therefore, tumor-targeted drug delivery systems have attracted more and more attention in cancer treatment. Targeted nano-drugs are selectively targeted to the tumor surface to achieve targeted drug delivery. New nano-drugs have created new hotspots in medical research. It could be a new strategy for treating cancer. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) is formed by the carboxylation of chitosan. It has good water solubility and biodegradability, biocompatibility and antibacterial properties, so CMC is the best choice as a nanomaterial. Isorhamnetin (Iso) is an important anticancer drug. This article uses nanomedicine technology to construct CMC as a carrier, Iso as an antitumor drug, and using polydopamine (PDA) to modify the surface of the particles. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, the Iso/CMC-PDA nanosphere Targeting and Growth Inhibition of Cervical Cancer Cells.

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Ellipticine, its Derivatives: Re-evaluation of Clinical Suitability with the Aid of Drug Delivery Systems

Current Cancer Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1568009619666190927150131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 33-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vipin Mohan Dan ◽

Thania Sara Varghese ◽

Gayathri Viswanathan ◽

Sabulal Baby

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Side Effects ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Large Body ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Therapeutic Drugs ◽

Recent Developments

Targeted drug delivery systems gave newer dimensions for safer and more effective use of therapeutic drugs, thus helping in circumventing the issues of toxicity and unintended drug accumulation. These ongoing developments in delivery systems can, in turn, bring back drugs that suffered various limitations, Ellipticine (EPT) being a candidate. EPT derivatives witnessed entry into clinical settings but failed to survive in clinics citing various toxic side effects. A large body of preclinical data deliberates the potency of drug delivery systems in increasing the efficiency of EPT/derivatives while decreasing their toxic side effects. Recent developments in drug delivery systems provide a platform to explore EPT and its derivatives as good clinical candidates in treating tumors. The present review deals with delivery mechanisms of EPT/EPT derivatives as antitumor drugs, in vitro and in vivo, and evaluates the suitability of EPT-carriers in clinical settings.

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Emerging Technologies of Polymeric Nanoparticles in Cancer Drug Delivery

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2011/408675 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Erik Brewer ◽

Jason Coleman ◽

Anthony Lowman

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽

The Body ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Delivery Methods ◽

Tunable Release ◽

Smart Technologies ◽

Multiple Drugs

Polymeric nanomaterials have the potential to improve upon present chemotherapy delivery methods. They successfully reduce side effects while increasing dosage, increase residence time in the body, offer a sustained and tunable release, and have the ability to deliver multiple drugs in one carrier. However, traditional nanomaterial formulations have not produced highly therapeutic formulations to date due to their passive delivery methods and lack of rapid drug release at their intended site. In this paper, we have focused on a few “smart” technologies that further enhance the benefits of typical nanomaterials. Temperature and pH-responsive drug delivery devices were reviewed as methods for triggering release of encapsulating drugs, while aptamer and ligand conjugation were discussed as methods for targeted and intracellular delivery, with emphases onin vitroandin vivoworks for each method.

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Aptamer-Conjugated Multifunctional Polymeric Nanoparticles as Cancer-Targeted, MRI-Ultrasensitive Drug Delivery Systems for Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/9186583 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Youqiang Fang ◽

Shaoxiong Lin ◽

Fei Yang ◽

Jie Situ ◽

Shudong Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽

Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽

Targeted Nanoparticles ◽

Castration Resistant ◽

Cytotoxicity Studies ◽

Targeted Mri

Nanoscopic therapeutic systems that incorporate therapeutic agents, molecular targeting, and imaging capabilities have gained momentum and exhibited significant therapeutic potential. In this study, multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles with controlled drug delivery, cancer-targeted capability, and efficient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast characteristics were formulated and applied in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The “core-shell” targeted nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by the self-assembly of a prefunctionalized amphiphilic triblock copolymer composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic-acid) (PLGA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and the Wy5a aptamer (Apt), which have been screened for targeting the CRPC cell line PC-3 by cell-SELEX technique as described in our previous study. Docetaxel (Dtxl) and a cluster of hydrophobic superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles were simultaneously encapsulated into the targeted nanoparticles. The targeted NPs showed a controlled drug release and an increased contrast-enhanced MRI capability. The presence of Wy5a on the nanoparticle surface resulted in the cancer-targeted delivery to PC-3 cells in vitro and in vivo. In vitro MRI and cytotoxicity studies demonstrated the ultrasensitive MRI and increased cytotoxicity of these targeted NPs. In vivo studies revealed that the targeted NPs exhibited a more efficacious antitumor capability without significant systemic toxicity. Our data suggested that these targeted NPs may be a promising drug delivery system for the efficacious treatment of CRPC.

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Development of a multifunctional gold nanoplatform for combined chemo-photothermal therapy against oral cancer

Nanomedicine ◽

10.2217/nnm-2019-0415 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 661-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zengying Liu ◽

Jianbo Shi ◽

Bangshang Zhu ◽

Qin Xu

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Photothermal Therapy ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Antitumor Efficacy ◽

Antitumor Effects ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Low Toxicity

Aim: To design and fabricate a multifunctional drug-delivery nanoplatform for oral cancer therapy. Materials & methods: Polyethylene glycol-stabilized, PDPN antibody (PDPN Ab)- and doxorubicin (DOX)-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared and evaluated for their cytotoxicity and antitumor efficacy in both chemotherapy and photothermal therapy. Results: The obtained (PDPN Ab)-AuNP-DOX system presents low toxicity, a high drug loading capacity and cellular uptake efficiency. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that (PDPN Ab)-AuNP-DOX has enhanced antitumor efficacy. Treatment with (PDPN Ab)-AuNP-DOX combined with laser irradiation exhibits superior antitumor effects. Conclusion: This (PDPN Ab)-AuNP-DOX system may be used as a versatile drug-delivery nanoplatform for targeted and combined chemo-photothermal therapy against oral cancer.

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Applications of Polymeric Nanoparticles in Oral Diseases: A Review of Recent Findings

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612824666180209110635 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (13) ◽

pp. 1377-1394 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Paula Chaves ◽

Joao Oliveira ◽

Alex Haas ◽

Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Drug Uptake ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Dental Biofilm ◽

Treatment And Prevention

Polymeric nanoparticles are promising drug delivery systems due to their physicochemical properties, which may be explored to improve the treatment and prevention of several diseases, including oral conditions. Moreover, the pharmacological effects of polymers may be improved by nanostructuration. Therefore, this article provides a detailed review of the studies published between 2010 and 2017 covering the use of polymeric nanoparticles in the treatment and/or prevention of oral diseases. A brief description about the dental biofilm and oral diseases is presented in first part of the article. The following section includes an important discussion about the strategies studied to improve the treatment and prevention of these diseases using polymeric nanoparticles: (i) a better drug antibacterial effect, (ii) the release of the drug in a time-controlled way, (iii) the increase of drug uptake by cells, (iv) the cytotoxicity in tumor cells and solubility in water, and (v) mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. Furthermore, the composition and size of the polymeric nanoparticles explored by these strategies were described. Finally, in the last part of this review, the in vitro and in vivo results which demonstrate the effect of these systems in the treatment and/or prevention of the most prevalent oral disorders were highlighted: dental carious lesions, oral cancer, and periodontal and endodontic diseases.

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