Melatonin a Promising Candidate for DNA Double-Stranded Breaks Reduction in Patients Undergoing Abdomen-Pelvis Computed Tomography Examinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 859-864
Author(s):  
Ali Eskandari ◽  
Aziz Mahmoudzadeh ◽  
Alireza Shirazi ◽  
Farid Esmaely ◽  
Carla Carnovale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Ct Examination

Background and Objective: Cancer incidence is 24% higher in children and young adults exposed to Computed Tomography (CT) scans than those unexposed. Non-repairing of ionizing radiation-induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks (DSBs) can initiate carcinogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the radioprotective potential of melatonin against DSBs in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients undergoing abdomen-pelvis CT examinations. Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on thirty patients. These patients were divided into two groups; group one (control) patients who have undergone the CT examination received a single oral dose of placebo, while in group two, patients received a single oral dose of 100mg melatonin. In both the groups, blood samples were collected 5-10min before and 30 minutes after the CT examination. The lymphocytes from these samples were isolated and DSBs were analyzed using γH2AX immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: Compared to the control group, the use of melatonin 1h before the CT examination caused a significant reduction in γH2AX-foci, indicating a reduction in DSBs. In addition, no side effect was observed in patients following 100mg melatonin administration. Conclusion: For the first time, this study has shown that melatonin has protective effects against radiationinduced genotoxicity in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients undergoing abdomen-pelvis CT examinations. Therefore, melatonin can be considered as a promising candidate for reducing DSBs in patients undergoing abdomen-pelvis CT examinations.

scholarly journals Chromosome Aberrations in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Croatian Hospital Staff Occupationally Exposed to Low Levels of Ionising Radiation

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilena Kašuba ◽  
Ružica Rozgaj ◽  
Anamarija Jazbec
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Low Levels

Chromosome Aberrations in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Croatian Hospital Staff Occupationally Exposed to Low Levels of Ionising RadiationMedical staff is an occupational group exposed to different agents suspected to induce genetic damage. Among them ionising radiation is the most studied. Cytogenetic analysis of human chromosomes in peripheral lymphocytes allows direct detection of mutation in somatic cells. This study investigated the cytogenetic effects of low-level ionising x-radiation in 48-hour peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures sampled from 765 hospital staff occupationally exposed to several agents known or suspected to induce chromosome damage and compared them with 200 control subjects. The exposed subjects were divided in eight (8) groups according to their specialities and job titles. The exposed groups manifested an increase in all types of chromosome aberrations. Acentric fragments were the most frequent chromosome-type aberration. Dicentric chromosomes were statistically significant only in urologists/gynaecologists. Age and smoking significantly influenced the incidence of dicentrics in the exposed groups. The frequency of ring chromosomes was low in all exposed groups (range: 0-2), and none were found in the control group. These findings indicate the importance of periodic medical checkups of hospital staff occupationally exposed to low doses of ionising radiation. The purpose is to create an individual cytogenetic register, where changes could evidence individual risks.

Genetic variation and risk of DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Iranian formaldehyde-exposed workers

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 690-696
Author(s):  
Rezvan Zendehdel ◽  
Parviz Abdolmaleki ◽  
Fatemeh Javani Jouni ◽  
Mohammad Mazinani
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Exposed Population

Formaldehyde (FA) has given positive results for the genetic damage evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Polymorphism plays a special role in the toxicity of chemicals. DNA damage in blood cells was evaluated in workers who were occupationally exposed to FA. This study tested the association of alcohol dehydrogenase III (ADH3) and manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) gene polymorphism, with DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Gene polymorphisms were evaluated in 54 workers from melamine dinnerware workshops and 34 workers from dairy production workshops. The control and exposed population were matched based on age, smoking, work history and socioeconomic status. DNA damage was evaluated by alkaline comet assay in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. ADH3 and Mn-SOD genotypes were determined in all workers using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. DNA damage of lymphocyte cells was significantly higher ( p < 0.001) in the exposed individuals in comparison with the control population. The examinations of the exposed group had revealed significantly higher ( p < 0.01) variant of Val/Val of Mn-SOD compared to control group. In workers with ADH32–2 variant, significantly higher levels of DNA damage ( p < 0.01) were observed than the control population with the same genotype. It could be concluded that enzymes involved in the metabolism of FA and oxidative stress controlling are two important effective parameters for DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes in exposed people. These results are regarded as a pioneer investigation for the management of health risks assessment.

scholarly journals Effects of sevoflurane exposure on apoptosis and cell cycle of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and immunologic function

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Ji ◽  
Wanjun Wu ◽  
Fan Zhou ◽  
Junfang Hu ◽  
Qiuping Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes

Abstract Background Waste anesthetic gases (WAGs) leaked from new-type halogenated inhalational anesthetics such as sevoflurane have been were reported to pose a risk for the health of operating room personnel. The effects of WAGs on peripheral blood lymphocytes, however, remain yet controversial. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of occupational sevoflurane exposure on the peripheral blood lymphocytes of medical personnel who work in the operating room. Methods A cohort of 56 medical residents were divided into exposed group (n = 28) and control group (non-exposed group) (n = 28). Gas chromatography was used to measure the concentration of sevoflurane in the medical resident’s breathing zone during surgeries under inhalation anesthesia in the exposure group. The gas collection lasted an hour. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from venous blood, and then apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood was harvested to analyze the lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry. Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) were quantified by immunoturbidimetry. Results The average concentration of sevoflurane in the exposed group was 1.03 ppm with a range from 0.03 ppm to 2.24 ppm. No significant effects were found on the apoptosis rates or cell cycles of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the exposed group relative to the control group (P > 0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences in the lymphocyte subsets or the levels of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions Occupational exposure to low-level sevoflurane has no significant effect on the peripheral blood lymphocytes of operating room staff, but this conclusion needs to be confirmed by multicenter and long-term follow-up studies with large samples. Trial registration number and date of registration ChiCTR2000040772, December 9, 2020 (Retrospective registration).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Proliferation in Botteng Village, Mamuju Inhabitants Using Binucleate Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Dwi Ramadhani ◽  
Sri Sardini ◽  
Masnelli Lubis ◽  
Mukh Syaifudin
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Study Results

Botteng Village in Mamuju, West Sulawesi was known for the high natural background radiation exposure. Botteng Village inhabitants exposed to high natural radiation in their daily life. Radiation exposure can inhibit the mitosis mechanism at various phases. Our previous study revealed that mitotic and nuclear division indexes in Botteng Village inhabitants were lower compared to control samples. To validate our previous study results here we evaluate the binucleate index in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Botteng Village inhabitants. Blood samples were collected from thirteen healthy adult subjects in Botteng Village and thirteen healthy adult subjects in normal background radiation area. Binucleate index was calculated as the proportion of binucleated cell (BNC) in 500 cells for each sample. Our study showed that the BI in Botteng Village was higher compared to control group (23.58 ± 9.60 vs 23.47 ± 6.24). Statistical analysis revealed that the different was not significant (p=0.973). It is possible that the small sample numbers used in this study were not adequate to represent the BI value in Botteng Village inhabitants. This study also showed that there was insignificant difference of BI in respect to gender and age for all samples. Further study using larger sample number should be conducted to ensure the possibility of BI to evaluate the effect of chronic low radiation dose exposure on lymphocytes proliferation.

scholarly journals Chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from nurses occupationally exposed to chemicals

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Santovito ◽  
P Cervella ◽  
M Delpero
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Chromosomal Damage ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Genome Damage ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Index Value ◽  
And Control

In the present study, we evaluated the induced genome damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from a sample of nurses occupationally exposed to low doses of different chemicals. A comprehensive multi-biomarker approach using cytogenetic endpoints was employed for analyzing chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay. The study included 20 nurses and 20 control subjects matched in age, gender and smoking habits. Nurses were exposed to different chemicals, such as cytostatic drugs, anaesthetics, formaldehyde and other sterilizing gases. Significant differences were found between exposure group and control group in terms of SCEs frequency ( p < 0.001) but not in terms of replication index value ( p = 0.845) and CAs ( p = 0.236). Regression analyses indicated that the age and the exposure years did not influence the amount of the chromosomal damage among nurses. Vice versa, among controls, a positive correlation was found between the number of SCEs and age. In conclusion, our results suggest that a continuous long-term exposure to low doses of chemicals could result in increased levels of SCEs among nurses. This data emphasize the importance of biomonitoring nurses and other hospital workers handling drugs.

scholarly journals Imbalance of Controlled Death in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Dudzińska ◽  
Kinga Szymona ◽  
Paulina Gil-Kulik ◽  
Piotr Chomik ◽  
Małgorzata Świstowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes

Background and objectives: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mainly includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Both conditions are associated with an exacerbated intestinal immune response to harmless stimuli, leading to upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators. Materials and Methods: The subjects of the study were 55 patients with IBD. The control group consisted of 35 healthy subjects. The researched material consisted of peripheral blood lymphocytes collected from the subjects. Expression of the genes BAX, BCL2, CASP3 and CASP9 was assessed at the mRNA level in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease relative to the healthy subjects. The expression of the genes was determined by rtPCR using TaqMan probes specific for these genes. Results: The group of patients diagnosed with CD had statistically significantly higher expression of the genes BAX (p = 0.012), BCL2 (p = 0.022), CASP3 (p = 0.003) and CASP9 (p = 0.029) than healthy subjects. Expression of BAX, BCL2, CASP3 and CASP9 in UC patients in the active phase of the disease was significantly lower than in patients in remission: BAX (p = 0.001), BCL2 (p = 0.038) and CASP9 (p = 0.007). In patients with UC, the BAX/BCL2 ratio was significantly correlated (r = 0.473) with the duration of the disease. In the group of CD patients treated biologically, a significantly lower BAX/BCL2 ratio was demonstrated than in patients that were not biologically treated. Conclusions: Our research has shown a simultaneous increase in the expression of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 gene and the proapoptotic BAX gene, which suggests the dysregulation of apoptosis mechanisms in IBD. Significantly higher expression of BAX and BCL2 in UC patients in remission as compared to CD may suggest differences in these diseases in terms of prognosis and treatment. Our results may suggest that an underlying imbalance in factors controlling apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes may be the response of the immune system to inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. Modulation of apoptosis may become an important therapeutic mechanism in IBD.

scholarly journals CHANGES OF CYCLIN D1-DEPENDENT REGULATION OF CELL CYCLE IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES OF CHORNOBYL CLEAN-UP WORKERS AT A REMOTE PERIOD AFTER RADIATION EXPOSURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 430-442
Author(s):  
N. Golyarnik ◽  
◽  
I. Ilyenko ◽  
L. Zvarych ◽  
D. Bazyka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Regulation Of Cell Cycle

Objective. To study proliferative potential of peripheral blood lymphocytes of Chornobyl clean-up workers by level of expression of cyclin D1 and quantitative parameters of cell cycle at a remote period after radiation exposure. Materials and methods. The research subject was the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PB) of Chornobyl clean-up workers 30–33 years after radiation exposure. A total of 207 men were surveyed, 164 of them were clean-up workers exposed in the dose range 10.43–3623.31 mSv and 43 persons of the control group. Analysis of proliferation potential (cell cycle initiation) and cyclin D1 expression in PB lymphocytes were performed in vitro by a micro method of whole blood leukocytes culture with phytohemagglutinine-P (PHA). Sample preparation was performed by a standard immunofluorescent assay for intracellular proteins using the FITC labelled Mouse Anti-Human Cyclin D1 Antibody Set. Cell distribution by cell cycle phases studied by propidium iodide DNA staining and analysis on FACSCalibur laser flow cytometer in histogram mode with separation of G0/G1-, S- and G2/M-regions and Sub-G0/G1- region (apoptotic cells). Results and conclusions. An increase in the level of spontaneous сyclin D1 expression and disturbance of сyclin D1-dependent regulation of cell cycle of PB lymphocytes after mitogen activation were determined in a remote period after radiation exposure. An increase in the level of cyclin D1 expression was accompanied by increase in pool of cells in the S- and G2/M-phases of cell cycle which characterizes the high proliferative potential of PB lymphocytes. Mitogen-induced delay of cell cycle of lymphocytes in G1/S check point and reduction of S-phase was revealed. These changes are a manifestation of genomic instability caused by the effect of radiation and depend on the radiation dose. The results confirm the hypothesis about the significance of levels of cyclin D1 expression, as a criterion for manifestations of genome instability and risks of oncogenesis in a remote period after irradiation. Key words: cell cycle, cell proliferation, cyclin D1, genome instability, radiation exposure, Chornobyl clean-up workers.

Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in piglets

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Yongxiang Liu ◽  
Yanli Liu ◽  
Rongchao Qiu ◽  
Dongfeng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large White ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes in piglets. A total of forty 21-d-old Duroc × Large White × Landrace weaned piglets were randomly allocated into two treatment groups and fed with control diet or 2% CLA diet for 6 weeks. Dietary CLA significantly increased the number of peripheral blood CD8+ T lymphocytes (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, cytotoxicity, perforin, and granzyme B mRNA expression of peripheral blood lymphocytes in piglets from the CLA-supplementation group increased by 29.98% (P < 0.01), 32.87% (P < 0.01), and 43.36% (P < 0.05), respectively. The piglets on the CLA diet had higher mRNA expression of Lck and Fyn in peripheral blood lymphocytes (P < 0.05). The content of C16:0 significantly increased in piglets from the dietary CLA-supplementation group (P < 0.05), whereas the content of C18:1 significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The CLA content of peripheral blood lymphocytes in piglets in the CLA diet group ranged up to 0.24% (P < 0.01). These results suggest that dietary CLA enhanced cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes perhaps through changing its fatty acid composition.

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