Patents related to pathogenic human coronaviruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelli dos Santos ◽  
André Vinícius Fernandes Ferreira ◽  
Jonatas Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Laís Moreira Nogueira ◽  
Juliana Martins Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Search Strategy ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Short Description ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

Background: Coronaviruses have caused outbreaks of respiratory disease since the beginning of the 21st century, representing a significant threat to public health. Together, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and, more recently, the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) have caused hundreds of thousands of deaths around the world. Thus, investments in research and the development of strategies aimed at diagnosing, treating, and preventing these infections are urgently needed. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the patents that address pathogenic coronaviruses in Google Patents databases in the last year (2019-2020). Method : The search strategy was carried out in April 2020, based on the keywords “SARS”, “SARS-CoV”, “MERS”, “MERS-CoV”, “SARS-CoV-2” and “COVID-19. Out of the patents examined, 25 were selected for a short description in this study. Results: A total of 191 patents were analyzed, 149 of which were related to SARS-CoV, and 29 and 12 were related to MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV2, respectively. The patents addressed the issues of diagnosis, therapeutic agents, prevention and control, along with other applications. Conclusion: Several promising strategies have been documented in intellectual property databases favoring the need for further studies on the pathogenesis and optimization of the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment for these emerging infections.

scholarly journals A Study On Financial Self-Efficacy During Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (08) ◽  
pp. 472-483
Author(s):  
Sitangshu Khatua ◽  
◽  
Debdulal Dutta Roy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Online Mode ◽  
Personal Finances ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Financial Goal ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

Financial Self-efficacy is defined as a person’s observed capability to control his/her personal finances (Lapp, 2010; Postmus, 2011). It refers to one’s beliefs in the abilities to accomplish a financial goal or task. It is the “knowledge and ability to influence and control one’s financial matters” by Fox and Bartholomae (2008). Financial efficacy pattern of people during very critical moment is unknown. The world is experiencing one of the deepest recessions since the Great Depression in the 1930s owing to the novel coronavirus, World Bank President David Malpass has said, terming the COVID-19 pandemic a “catastrophic event” for many developing and the poorest countries. Aim of the study is to examine financial efficacy pattern of people during lockdown period for COVID-19. Data were collected through online mode using financial efficacy scale developed by authors for the study. Results of principal component analysis revealed that during lockdown, financial efficacy is more concerned with financial planning, planned payment and financial coping.

scholarly journals The Online Education Mode and Reopening Plans for Chinese Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mini Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuanzhen Cen ◽  
Dong Sun ◽  
Ming Rong ◽  
Gusztáv Fekete ◽  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Recently, an unprecedented coronavirus pandemic has emerged and has spread around the world. The novel coronavirus termed COVID-19 by the World Health Organization has posed a huge threat to human safety and social development. This mini review aimed to summarize the online education mode and plans for schools to resume full-time campus study in China during COVID-19. Chinese schools have made significant contributions to the prevention and control of the transmission of COVID-19 by adopting online learning from home. However, normal opening and classroom teaching have been affected. For education systems at all levels, online education may be an effective way to make up for the lack of classroom teaching during the epidemic. To protect staff and students from COVID-19, the timing of students returning to full-time campus study needs to be considered carefully. Reviewing and summarizing of the Chinese education system's response to the virus would be of great value not only in developing educational policy but also in guiding other countries to formulate educational countermeasures.

scholarly journals Exploring the role and mechanism of COVID-19 apps in fighting the current pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan P. Iyengar ◽  
Rachit Jain ◽  
David Ananth Samy ◽  
Vijay Kumar Jain ◽  
Raju Vaishya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Test Track ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Transmission Test

As COVID-19 pandemic spread worldwide, policies have been developed to contain the disease and prevent viral transmission. One of the key strategies has been the principle of “‘test, track, and trace” to minimize spread of the virus. Numerous COVID-19 contact tracing applications have been rolled around the world to monitor and control the spread of the disease. We explore the characteristics of various COVID-19 applications and especially the Aarogya Setu COVID-19 app from India in its role in fighting the current pandemic. We assessed the current literature available to us using conventional search engines, including but not limited to PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate in May 2020 till the time of submission of this article. The search criteria used MeSH keywords such as “COVID-19,” “pandemics,” “contact tracing,” and “mobile applications.” A variable uptake of different COVID-19 applications has been noted with increasing enrolment around the world. Security concerns about data privacy remain. The various COVID-19 applications will complement manual contact tracing system to assess and prevent viral transmission. Test, track, trace, and support policy will play a key role in avoidance of a “second wave” of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak.

scholarly journals How to Face COVID-19 in Ophthalmology Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoting Pei ◽  
Xinwei Jiao ◽  
Dingli Lu ◽  
Di Qi ◽  
Shenzhen Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
International Community ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The novel coronavirus pneumonia has attracted considerable attention from the international community. With the spread of outbreaks around the world, the WHO characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. Methods: Relevant studies in PubMed were searched from January 1, 2020 to April 12, 2020, using the following search strategy: (“novel coronavirus pneumonia” OR “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” OR “coronavirus disease 2019” OR “COVID-19” OR “novel coronavirus pneumonia”) AND (“ophthalmology” OR “ophthalmologist” OR “eye” OR “conjunctiva” OR “conjunctivitis” OR “corneal” OR “keratitis”). Results: SARS-CoV-2 can spread through aerosol and is detected in tears of patients with COVID-19 infection. Notably, some infected patients had conjunctivitis, and conjunctivitis was the first symptom in some patients later diagnosed to have COVID-19 infection. This would increase the risk for ophthalmologists through inpatient consultations or regular clinical practice. When dealing with seemingly regular ophthalmic patients, the vigilance of ophthalmologists and associated staff tends to be reduced. Conclusion: Ophthalmologists must continuously update their knowledge regarding COVID-19 and take effective measures to prevent COVID-19 transmission.

scholarly journals Differential Equation Analysis on COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
The People ◽  
Equation Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

An infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus called COVID-19 has raged across the world since December 2019. The novel coronavirus first appeared in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread to Asia and now many countries around the world are affected by the epidemic. The deaths of many patients, including medical staff, caused social panic, media attention, and high attention from governments and world organizations. Today, with the joint efforts of the government, the doctors and all walks of life, the epidemic in Hubei Province has been brought under control, preventing its spread from affecting the lives of the people. Because of its rapid spread and serious consequences, this sudden novel coronary pneumonia epidemic has become an important social hot spot event. Through the analysis of the novel coronary pneumonia epidemic situation, we can also have a better understanding of sudden infectious diseases in the future, so that we can take more effective response measures, establish a truly predictable and provide reliable and sufficient information for prevention and control model.

scholarly journals Community grid management is an important measure to contain the spread of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Ling ◽  
Xianjie Wen
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Grid Management

Abstract The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)), declared as a ‘global pandemic’ by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). The outbreak in multiple locations shows a trend of accelerating spread around the world. China has taken a series of powerful measures to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to actively finding effective treatment drugs and developing vaccines, it is more important to identify the source of infection at the community level as soon as possible to block the transmission path of the virus to prevent the spread of the pandemic. The implementation of grid management in the community and the adoption of precise management and control measures to reduce unnecessary personnel movement can effectively reduce the risk of pandemic spread. This paper mainly describes that the grid management mode can promote the refinement and comprehensiveness of community management. As a management system with potential to improve the governance ability of community affairs, it may be helpful to strengthen the prevention and control of the epidemic in the community.

scholarly journals Nations’ Responses and Control Measures in Confrontation with the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Rapid Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinaz Tabari ◽  
Mitra Amini ◽  
Mohsen Moghadami ◽  
Mahsa Moosavi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a significant concern in many countries due to the rapid rate of transmission between humans. Taking advantage of the experience of the last epidemics in 2002 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and 2012 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), some regions of the world were well- prepared for the new outbreak. However, other countries needed to be adapted to the situation promptly. Many management strategies were established, and some restrictions were introduced in some regions. In this review, we aimed to determine countries’ public responses to the epidemic of COVID-19 and how they developed administrative approaches towards the outbreak.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2: A critical review of preventive and control measures in the context of the virus’ characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-39
Author(s):  
Manca Alič ◽  
Andrej Ovca
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
And Control

Abstract The year 2020 has been marked by the novel coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global pandemic on the 11th of March 2020 due to the spread of this very contagious virus throughout the world. Since the outbreak, we have gained many insights about the virus, its presence and persistence in the environment and its possible and most common transmission routes. Such knowledge about the virus is invaluable for establishing effective preventive and control measures (also referred to as Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs)) that have become a key to tackling this pandemic in the absence of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In this review, we discuss five main groups of NPIs: 1) ventilation, 2) cleaning and disinfection, 3) hand hygiene, 4) physical distancing, and 5) protective masks. We explore their shortcomings and potential negative consequences that might occur as unwanted side effects.

scholarly journals The Coronavirus Disease of 2019: Prevention, Management and Treatment Strategies

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Nkechi E. Egbe ◽  
Chukwu C. Onyedikachi ◽  
Ashiru M. Dantata ◽  
Surajo Jamaliddeen ◽  
Amaka M. Awanye
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The recent COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) has taken the world by surprise since its outbreak in 2019, and as on February 2021, the world had experienced a total of 107,643,141 (one hundred and seven million, six hundred and forty-three thousand, one hundred and forty-one) confirmed infection cases and 2,358,244 (two million, three hundred and fifty-eight thousand, two hundred and forty-four) deaths world-wide. This virus, although less lethal than the previous human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV), is reported highly infectious and mutable. This has led to a concerted effort by numerous governments and private organisations to try and halt the spread of the virus through the development of highly effective therapeutic drugs or prophylactic therapy. There are various drugs, vaccines and other forms of therapies currently being developed all over the world, with some at various clinical trial stages, with only one (Remdesivir) being fully approved treatment of the COVID-19 disease. The latest breakthrough with Dexamethasone has currently revealed the efficacy of the drug in treating critically ill and even mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients, and this has led to the approval of the drug by the United Kingdom and World Health Organization (WHO). The recent development of a protective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has created hope for life and restoration of normalcy.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Confirmed Novel Coronavirus Disease Cases at Shanghai East Hospital: A Retrospective Single-Center Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenghui Fan ◽  
Lihong Qu ◽  
Zhongliang Guo ◽  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the fever outpatient clinic has been open in Shanghai East Hospital (SEH). We analyzed the data for all 4,699 patients from SEH and the 27 confirmed COVID-19 cases among them to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases identified in the SEH. Methods: Data were collected for patients who visited the fever outpatient clinic in the SEH between January 23 and April 30, 2020. We compared the characteristics of confirmed cases, including age, occupation, area, symptoms, laboratory results, and computed tomography (CT) scans, by month.Results: By April 30, 4,699 patients had visited the fever outpatient clinic of the SEH; of those, 27 (0.57%) were confirmed COVID-19 cases. Among the confirmed domestic cases identified between January and February, four of five were from Wuhan, Hubei. Following the spread of the epidemic to other parts of the world, all confirmed cases identified in March–April were cases of individuals who were returning from abroad, mainly Chinese students living abroad. Further, all cases were from outside Shanghai, and no local residents were diagnosed in the clinic. Symptoms, laboratory tests, and CT scans were consistent with previous literature reports of positive COVID-19 cases. Conclusions: Given the necessity to control the spread of this epidemic domestically and abroad, the focus of COVID-19 prevention and control has shifted. In Shanghai, measures taken to prevent COVID-19 spread were very successful. Early isolation and quarantine are necessary and effective measures.

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