Next Steps in 3D Printing of Fast Dissolving Oral Films for Commercial Production

3D printing technique has been utilised to develop novel and complex drug delivery systems that are almost impossible to produce by employing conventional formulation techniques. For example, this technique may be employed to produce tablets or Fast Dissolving oral Films (FDFs) with multilayers of active ingredients, which are personalised to patient’s needs. In this article, we compared the production of FDFs by 3D printing to conventional methods such as solvent casting. Then, we evaluated the need for novel methods of producing fast dissolving oral films, and why 3D printing may be able to meet the shortfalls of FDF production. The challenges of producing 3D printed FDFs are identified at commercial scale by referring to the identification of suitable materials, hardware, qualitycontrol tests and Process Analytical Technology. In this paper, we discuss that the FDF market will grow to more than $1.3 billion per annum in the next few years and 3D printing of FDFs may share part of this market. Although companies are continuing to invest in technologies, which provide alternatives to standard drug delivery systems, the market for thin-film products is already well established. Market entry for a new technology such as 3D printing of FDFs will, therefore, be hard, unless, this technology proves to be a game changer. A few approaches are suggested in this paper.

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3D Printing Technology in Drug Delivery: Recent Progress and Application

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666181206123828 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (42) ◽

pp. 5039-5048 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sabna Kotta ◽

Anroop Nair ◽

Nimer Alsabeelah

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

3D Printing ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Pharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Printing Technology ◽

Drug Dosing ◽

3D Printing Technology ◽

3D Printed

Background: 3D printing technology is a new chapter in pharmaceutical manufacturing and has gained vast interest in the recent past as it offers significant advantages over traditional pharmaceutical processes. Advances in technologies can lead to the design of suitable 3D printing device capable of producing formulations with intended drug release. Methods: This review summarizes the applications of 3D printing technology in various drug delivery systems. The applications are well arranged in different sections like uses in personalized drug dosing, complex drugrelease profiles, personalized topical treatment devices, novel dosage forms and drug delivery devices and 3D printed polypills. Results: This niche technology seems to be a transformative tool with more flexibility in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Typically, 3D printing is a layer-by-layer process having the ability to fabricate 3D formulations by depositing the product components by digital control. This additive manufacturing process can provide tailored and individualized dosing for treatment of patients different backgrounds with varied customs and metabolism pattern. In addition, this printing technology has the capacity for dispensing low volumes with accuracy along with accurate spatial control for customized drug delivery. After the FDA approval of first 3D printed tablet Spritam, the 3D printing technology is extensively explored in the arena of drug delivery. Conclusion: There is enormous scope for this promising technology in designing various delivery systems and provides customized patient-compatible formulations with polypills. The future of this technology will rely on its prospective to provide 3D printing systems capable of manufacturing personalized doses. In nutshell, the 3D approach is likely to revolutionize drug delivery systems to a new level, though need time to evolve.

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3D-Printed Drug Delivery Systems: The Effects of Drug Incorporation Methods on Their Release and Antibacterial Efficiency

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13153364 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 3364

Author(s):

Bahaa Shaqour ◽

Inés Reigada ◽

Żaneta Górecka ◽

Emilia Choińska ◽

Bart Verleije ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

3D Printing ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Drug Distribution ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Solvent Casting ◽

Fused Filament Fabrication ◽

3D Printed ◽

Manufacturing Technologies ◽

Drug Incorporation

Additive manufacturing technologies have been widely used in the medical field. More specifically, fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D-printing technology has been thoroughly investigated to produce drug delivery systems. Recently, few researchers have explored the possibility of directly 3D printing such systems without the need for producing a filament which is usually the feedstock material for the printer. This was possible via direct feeding of a mixture consisting of the carrier polymer and the required drug. However, as this direct feeding approach shows limited homogenizing abilities, it is vital to investigate the effect of the pre-mixing step on the quality of the 3D printed products. Our study investigates the two commonly used mixing approaches—solvent casting and powder mixing. For this purpose, polycaprolactone (PCL) was used as the main polymer under investigation and gentamicin sulfate (GS) was selected as a reference. The produced systems’ efficacy was investigated for bacterial and biofilm prevention. Our data show that the solvent casting approach offers improved drug distribution within the polymeric matrix, as was observed from micro-computed topography and scanning electron microscopy visualization. Moreover, this approach shows a higher drug release rate and thus improved antibacterial efficacy. However, there were no differences among the tested approaches in terms of thermal and mechanical properties.

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3D Printed Drug Delivery Systems Based on Natural Products

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12070620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 620

Author(s):

Ángela Aguilar-de-Leyva ◽

Vicente Linares ◽

Marta Casas ◽

Isidoro Caraballo

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Natural Products ◽

3D Printing ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Drug Dose ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Geriatric Population ◽

Wide Range ◽

3D Printed

In the last few years, the employment of 3D printing technologies in the manufacture of drug delivery systems has increased, due to the advantages that they offer for personalized medicine. Thus, the possibility of producing sophisticated and tailor-made structures loaded with drugs intended for tissue engineering and optimizing the drug dose is particularly interesting in the case of pediatric and geriatric population. Natural products provide a wide range of advantages for their application as pharmaceutical excipients, as well as in scaffolds purposed for tissue engineering prepared by 3D printing technologies. The ability of biopolymers to form hydrogels is exploited in pressure assisted microsyringe and inkjet techniques, resulting in suitable porous matrices for the printing of living cells, as well as thermolabile drugs. In this review, we analyze the 3D printing technologies employed for the preparation of drug delivery systems based on natural products. Moreover, the 3D printed drug delivery systems containing natural products are described, highlighting the advantages offered by these types of excipients.

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Role of novel drug delivery systems in coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19): time to act now

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201817666200916090710 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Neeraj Mittal ◽

Varun Garg ◽

Sanjay Kumar Bhadada ◽

O. P. Katare

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Targeted Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

World Health ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Corona Virus ◽

Novel Drug

: The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has found its roots from Wuhan (China). COVID-19 is caused by a novel corona virus SARS-CoV2, previously named as 2019-nCoV. COVID-19 has spread across the globe and declared as pandemic by World health organization (WHO) on 11th March, 2020. Currently, there is no standard drug or vaccine available for the treatment, so repurposing of existing drugs is the only solution. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) will be boon for the repurposing of drugs. The role of various NDDS in repurposing of existing drugs for treatment of various viral diseases and their relevance in COVID-19 has discussed in this paper. It focuses on the currently ongoing research in the implementation of NDDS in COVID-19. Moreover it describes the role of NDDS in vaccine development for COVID-19. This paper also emphasizes how NDDS will help to develop the improved delivery systems (dosage forms) of existing therapeutic agents and also explore the new insights to find out the void spaces for a potential targeted delivery. So in these tough times, NDDS and nanotechnology can be a safeguard to humanity.

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Advanced Hydrogels Based Drug Delivery Systems for Ophthalmic Delivery

Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation ◽

10.2174/1872211314666200108094851 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 291-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Srividya Gorantla ◽

Tejashree Waghule ◽

Vamshi Krishna Rapalli ◽

Prem Prakash Singh ◽

Sunil Kumar Dubey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

Duration Of Action ◽

Age Related ◽

Aqueous Gels ◽

Ophthalmic Delivery ◽

3D Printed

Hydrogels are aqueous gels composed of cross-linked networks of hydrophilic polymers. Stimuli-responsive based hydrogels have gained focus over the past 20 years for treating ophthalmic diseases. Different stimuli-responsive mechanisms are involved in forming polymer hydrogel networks, including change in temperature, pH, ions, and others including light, thrombin, pressure, antigen, and glucose-responsive. Incorporation of nanocarriers with these smart stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems that can extend the duration of action by increasing ocular bioavailability and reducing the dosing frequency. This review will focus on the hydrogel drug delivery systems highlighting the gelling mechanisms and emerging stimuli-responsive hydrogels from preformed gels, nanogels, and the role of advanced 3D printed hydrogels in vision-threatening diseases like age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. It also provides insight into the limitations of hydrogels along with the safety and biocompatibility of the hydrogel drug delivery systems.

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Novel 3D printing concept for the fabrication of time-controlled drug delivery systems

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1515/cdbme-2018-0035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 141-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jan Konasch ◽

Alexander Riess ◽

Michael Teske ◽

Natalia Rekowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

3D Printing ◽

Inkjet Printing ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Glycol Diacrylate ◽

Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

Novel Concept

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) printing has become a popular technique in many areas. One emerging field is the use of 3D printing for the development of 3D drug delivery systems (DDS) and drug-loaded medical devices. This article describes a novel concept for the fabrication of timecontrolled drug delivery systems based on stereolithography combined with inkjet printing. An inkjet printhead and an UV-LED light source have been integrated into an existing stereolithography system. Inkjet printing is used to selectively incorporate active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) during a stereolithographic 3D printing process. In an initial experimental study, poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) was used as polymer whereas 2-Hydroxy-4´-(2- hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (Irgacure 2959) and Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) were used as photoinitiators. Basic structures could be manufactured successfully by the new hybrid 3D printing system.

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