scholarly journals Current and Future Global Lithium Production Till 2025

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
Daniel Calisaya-Azpilcueta ◽  
Sebastián Herrera-Leon ◽  
Luis A. Cisternas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Regular Growth ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Mining Projects ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
High Level

Background: The production of lithium is growing continuously, and ensuring its stable supply is crucial for the growth of global economy. Therefore, to avoid a potential supply risk, it is necessary to determine the requirements for the implementation of current and planned lithium mining projects in order to meet the forecasted demand of lithium. Objective: In this paper, the capability of global lithium production to meet the uncertain, high or low level, demand by 2025, is analyzed. Methods: The global lithium supply is simulated considering three alternatives: no new projects in the portfolio, committed projects, and uncommitted projects. Two scenarios for estimating the growth rate of lithium production in the future are analyzed: a regular growth rate and a growth rate assuming the use in full capacity of lithium production by major suppliers. Results: The results show that the total capacity of production covers the low-level demand. However, it is not enough to cover the high-level demand for lithium. Therefore, new projects are necessary. On the other hand, results considering all the possible projects show that the demand is exceeded, which suggests that intermediate scenarios could cover the demand by 100%. Conclusion: It is expected that a low-carbon economy may be projected soon, and assuming the high-level demand of lithium, then a combination of committed projects and uncommitted projects should be considered.

A note on the effect of continuous contact with ewes showing regular oestrus and of post-weaning growth rate on the sexual activity of Corriedale rams

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Winfield ◽  
A. W. Makin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Continuous Contact ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mating Tests

ABSTRACTThirty-six Corriedale rams were weaned at 3 months of age and subjected to four treatments until 2½ years of age. The treatments consisted of two levels of nutrition, with rams on the high level of nutrition being maintained approximately 15% heavier than those on the low level, and two levels of sexual experience. Sexually experienced rams were kept throughout with ewes that were infertile but showed regular oestrus and inexperienced rams were reared in monosexual groups isolated from females except during periodic mating tests. These 2-h tests were carried out at intervals of 3 to 4 months commencing when the rams were 6 months old. Up to 17 months of age there were no significant differences between treatment groups in the development of ability to serve ewes, except that low nutrition reduced the number of rams which had served ewes at 10 months of age. Between 17 and 28 months of age, rams kept with ewes tended to achieve more serves per test during the breeding season than rams kept without ewes.

scholarly journals Leadership performance of financial firms on climate change action

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Burnett ◽  
Carolin Schellhorn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Leadership Performance ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The Face

Global awareness of the urgent need to decarbonize the economy has been growing. Although legislative and regulatory actions have been lagging, some businesses have emerged as leaders in this process. In particular, financial institutions as information producers and resource allocators play an important role. In order to accelerate the global transition to a low-carbon economy, market participants need to develop the ability to identify and support firms that are leading on climate change action. Using CDP data on ten climate change action metrics for 2013, the authors apply the dichotomous Rasch model to rank the overall climate change action performance of U.S. financial firms across multiple dimensions of this effort. Simultaneously, the results identify the climate change action metrics for which success was most difficult to achieve. The authors show that investors, managers and regulators should consider ranking firms using this more comprehensive methodology rather than the CDP’s Performance Band or the CDP’s Disclosure Score alone when assessing firm leadership in this area. While this study focuses on financial firms, a similar analysis could be conducted for ranking firms in other industries as well. The authors’ results are important for investors, managers and regulators charged with firm performance evaluation and resource allocation in the face of growing pressures to decarbonize the global economy

scholarly journals Global Future: Low-Carbon Economy or High-Carbon Economy?

World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-193
Author(s):  
Diosey Ramon Lugo-Morin
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
Carbon Economy

This study critically examines the decarbonization of development in the context of the Anthropocene at the global level. A literature review is conducted that emphasizes the rationality of human beings to harmonize with the planet due to the low capacity of their human agency in the framework of the Anthropocene. The analysis recognizes that the possibility of transitioning to a decarbonized global economy or zero carbon emissions is not encouraging. Global energy production and CO2 emissions are concentrated in a dozen countries: China, United States, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Iran, India, Australia, Indonesia, and Brazil. These countries are part of societies with an advanced social metabolism that negatively impacts the production of CO2. In context, the COVID-19 pandemic has provided some level of environmental health for the planet, but the CO2 reduction levels are still insufficient to consider a positive impact towards 2030.

Analysis on Carbon Emission Situation of Chinese Export Industry Based on Input-Output Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Export Industry ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
Chinese Export ◽  
Carbon Economy

Low carbon economy development undoubtedly becomes the main trend of social development in future under the background of the global climate change and the increasing international pressure to reduce emissions. However, the international trade, as part of the global economy, will be carried out in accordance with the rules of low carbon economy. Therefore, it has important significance to study the relation between the carbon emission and export trade and deeply excavate carbon reduction potential of Chinese industry production for finding way to reduce carbon emission in China and striving for the carbon emission reduction space from the international. This paper constructed the input-output model to calculate the CO2 emission density of Chinese export industry according to the input-output theory, and then basically analyzed the situation of carbon emission of export industry.

Repurposing Oil & Gas Wells and Drilling Operations for Geothermal Energy Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Pilko ◽  
Nicole Rita Hart-Wagoner ◽  
Andrew J. Van Horn ◽  
Joseph A. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Capital Allocation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Well Design ◽  
High Level

Abstract This paper explores a market solution for Operators’ companies to compound their investments in wells, fields, and infrastructure in a low carbon world by applying improved well design, drilling and completion technologies that are adapted to a new generation of geothermal energy production systems. The paper frames challenges posed to the upstream industry by the movement to a low carbon economy, including the climate transition risks related to societal, regulatory, and capital allocation trends. It then examines the technical challenges and solutions related to repurposing oil and gas fields and wells for geothermal energy production and makes high-level recommendations for Operators interested in accessing this new market for geothermal energy - as well as satisfying Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance (ESG) investors.

scholarly journals Climate Change: EU taxonomy and forward looking analysis in the context of emerging climate related and environmental risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2020) ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Giuliana Birindelli ◽  
◽  
Vera Palea ◽  
Luca Trussoni ◽  
Fabio Verachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forward Looking

Climate change is causing substantial structural adjustments to the global economy. Several sectors, such as coal and steel, are undergoing severe problems related to the inevitable transition to a low-carbon economy, while others such as renewables and new environmental adaptation technologies are benefiting substantially. In this context, regulators are beginning to intervene on the legislation, while investors, customers and civil society are looking for alternatives to mitigate, adapt and make these issues more transparent. This article aims to analyze the impact that these changes will inevitably have on banks' balance sheets, introducing new risks but also opportunities. The final purpose is to help banks integrate climate risks into their organizational framework and to provide guidance on the implementation of the recommendations published by the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) within the broader Financial Stability Board (FSB) objectives and the UN Environment Finance Initiative (UNEP FI). Starting from a long-term perspective, the work suggests considering climate risk as a financial risk, overcoming traditional approaches that focus on reputational risk. This change implies the integration of climate change risk into the logic of Risk Management (Credit, Market and Operational risks) and a consequent sharing of responsibilities with the structures of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The TCFD recommendations urge banks to use forward looking scenario analyzes, including stress tests, to evaluate and disseminate the "actual and potential impacts" of climate-related risks and opportunities, suggesting in particular to consider the consequences in terms of two categories of risk: physical and transition risk

International trade: Research of the reasons for the fall

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Nazarov ◽  
S. S. Lazaryan ◽  
I. V. Nikonov ◽  
A. I. Votinov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Negative Contribution ◽  
Basic Commodity ◽  
The Impact

The article assesses the impact of various factors on the growth rate of international trade. Many experts interpreted the cross-border flows of goods decline against the backdrop of a growing global economy as an alarming sign that indicates a slowdown in the processes of globalization. To determine the reasons for the dynamics of international trade, the decompositions of its growth rate were carried out and allowed to single out the effect of the dollar exchange rate, the commodities prices and global value chains on the change in the volume of trade. As a result, it was discovered that the most part of the dynamics of international trade is due to fluctuations in the exchange rate of the dollar and prices for basic commodity groups. The negative contribution of trade within global value chains in 2014 was also revealed. During the investigated period (2000—2014), such a picture was observed only in the crisis periods, which may indicate the beginning of structural changes in the world trade.

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