scholarly journals Mycological and Bacteriological Quality and Safety of Bottled Water in Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye L. Bedada ◽  
Firehiwot A. Dera ◽  
Redwan M. Edicho ◽  
Samson G. Gebre ◽  
Yosef B. Asefa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Heterotrophic Plate Count ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Public Health Hazards

Background: Safe water supply is vital and can result in significant benefits to health. However, contaminated bottled water poses a great health risk due to the poor microbiological quality of water. Methods and Materials: A retrospective study was conducted on 222 Bottled water samples collected from various regions of Ethiopia from January 2008 to December 2015, tested and recorded in Ethiopian Public Health Institute to determine heterotrophic plate count and Staphylococcus aureus by pour plate method; for coliforms using multiple tubes fermentation techniques; for mould and yeast count using spread method, and for Salmonellae and Shigella spp. using ES ISO 6579 and ES ISO 21567. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20 statistical package. Results: Among the total samples examined from 44 brands, detections of heterotrophic plate count, mould, yeast, total and thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were observed in 114 (51.4%), 33 (14.9%), 5 (2.3%), 2 (0.9%), 1 (0.5%), 1 (0.5%) and 1 (0.5%) samples respectively, but there were no detections of Salmonellae nor Shigellae species. Conclusion: About 40% of bottled water samples were mycologically and bacteriologically unsafe for human consumption. To prevent public health hazards, regular monitoring of bottled water using quality indicators should be a priority agenda.

Analysis of Bottled Water for Escherichia coli and Total Coliforms

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. GRANT
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Heterotrophic Plate Count ◽  
Positive Error ◽  
False Positive Error ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Quality Guidelines

U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations governing bottled water include microbiological quality guidelines based on coliform counts. Recently, a new MF medium for simultaneous detection of total coliforms and Escherichia coli was developed. This medium, m-ColiBlue24 (m-CB) was compared to m-Endo medium and an International Organization for Standardization standard coliform medium, lactose agar with Tergitol 7. Coliform analysis was conducted on 104 brands of bottled water from 10 countries. Some samples were additionally analyzed for heterotrophic plate count and Pseudomonas sp. populations, including P. aeruginosa. Presumptive coliform colonies were found in 5.8% of the samples with m-CB, 1.9% with m-Endo and 11.5% with lactose agar with Tergitol 7. None of the presumptive coliforms from any of the three media were verified as true coliforms in subsequent analysis. Consequently, the presumptive recovery rates actually represented false-positive error (FPE) rates. The FPE for m-CB and m-Endo were not statistically different (P < 0.05) but the FPE for lactose agar with Tergitol 7 was significantly larger.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality evaluation of ready-to-eat mixed vegetable salad, food ingredients and some water samples from a restaurant in Accra: A case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 16669-16688
Author(s):  
Nii Korley Kortei ◽  
◽  
T Annan ◽  
L Quansah ◽  
G Aboagye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Food Microbiology ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Microbiological Methods

One serious threat to public health in both developed and developing countries is the microbial contamination of food. This problem poses a great challenge and consequently has economic implications. Causes of microbial contamination are diverse and these may be natural, environmental, or technological. The microbiological quality of most ready-to-eat foods is of great significance to human health because they require minimal or no processing when consumed.The aim of this research was to investigate the microbiological quality of some ready-to-eat mixed vegetable salad foods, ingredients as well as the wash water samples of an urban restaurant located in Accra, Ghana. A total of thirty (30) samples categorized into mixed vegetable salads, foods and water obtained from an urban restaurant in the national capital of Ghana, Accra. They were analyzed at the microbiology laboratory and food microbiology laboratories of School of Allied Health Sciences(UHAS)and Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Food Research Institute (CSIR-FRI), Ghana,respectively. Standard microbiological methods that are per International Organization for Standardization(ISO) Methods and Nordic Committee on Food Analysis Methods (NMKL) were used in determining the presence and levels of bacteria and fungi.Data obtained were transformed from standard to logarithmic forms and reported as mean+standard deviations. The aerobic plate count samples ranged from 0-4.73 log 10CFU/g. E-coli counts also ranged between 0-2.53 log 10CFU, while Bacillus cereus counts were very low at0-<10log 10CFU/g. Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus counts were also very low ranging from0-1.0log10CFU/g.Enterobacteriaceae counts also ranged from 0-1.90 log10CFU/g. Molds and yeasts counts were generally low and ranged from 0-2.48 log 10CFU/g and 0-1.0 log10CFU/g,respectively. None of the samples tested contained Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. Fungal microbial loads were minimal given the quantities, and were deleterious to the health of consumers. The study revealed that the bacterial loads on mixed vegetable salads, ingredients and water samples used and served by an urban restaurant in Accra were within safe limits according to American Public Health Association (APHA) and International Commission for Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF) guidelines and,therefore,good for human consumption.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Quality of Beef and Hygiene Practices of Food Handlers in Butcheries in Kasama District, Zambia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Hanyinza ◽  
Kunda Ndashe ◽  
Ruth Mfune ◽  
Emmanuel Chirwa ◽  
Grace Mwanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Faecal Coliform Count ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

AbstractThe most common health risk associated with consumption of beef is microbial contamination, therefore the study was aimed to assess the level of bacterial contamination of beef and evaluate the hygienic practices in butcheries in Kasama district. Beef samples were collected from participating butcheries and a structured questionnaire was also administered to the food handlers.Microbiological quality of the beef samples was determined by Aerobic Plate Count (APC), Faecal Coliform Count (FCC) and bacterial isolation such as Salmonella spp and Staphylococcus aureus. The APC results revealed 40.7% of the butcheries sold meat in good bacterial condition (<4 Log10 cfu/g) while 40.7% and 18.5% were critical (4-5 Log10 cfu/g) and non-acceptable conditions (>5 Log10 cfu/g), respectively. The FCC revealed that 74.1% of the butcheries sold meat in good bacterial conditions (<2 Log10 cfu/g), while 14.8% and 11.1% were critical (2-3 Log10 cfu/g) and non-acceptable conditions (>3 Log10 cfu/g), respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 37% of the butcheries, none of the outlets recorded Salmonella spp.Overall, the microbial quality of most (74.1%) of the market ready beef in Kasama district was acceptable for human consumption. Therefore, regular bacteriological monitoring and maintaining hygiene in the sales outlets and distribution chain is mandatory.

scholarly journals BCIG-SMAC medium and PMA-qPCR for differential detection of viable Escherichia coli in potable water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehan Deshmukh ◽  
Sunil Bhand ◽  
Utpal Roy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Differential Detection ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water

Background and Objectives: Public health protection requires timely evaluation of pathogens in potable water to minimize outbreaks caused by microbial contaminations. The present study was aimed at assessing the microbiological quality of water obtained from Shantinagar (a rural area in the South Goa region of Goa, India) using 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl β-D-glu- curonide-Sorbitol MacConkey agar (BCIG-SMAC) medium and, propidium monoazide-quantitative polymerase chain reac- tion (PMA-qPCR) assay for differential detection and quantification of viable Escherichia coli cells in water samples. Materials and Methods: Membrane filtration method was used for both BCIG-SMAC medium and PMA-qPCR methods. To determine the efficiency of detection of viable cells, we first evaluated the PMA treatment protocol and established the standard calibration curves using previously reported primers. Results: PMA-qPCR detected as low as 7 femtograms of DNA of E. coli per qPCR reaction whereas the limit of detection (LOD) of BCIG-SMAC medium was 1.8 CFU/100mL. A total of 71 water samples spanning 2017-2018 have been analyzed using BCIG-SMAC medium and PMA-qPCR, of which 95.77% (68/71) and 7.04% (5/71) were found to be total E. coli and E. coli O157:H7, respectively. PMA-qPCR study showed the viable counts of total viable E. coli cells ranging from 3CFU/100mL to 8.2×102 CFU/100mL. The total E. coli CFU/100mL quantified by PMA-qPCR significantly exceeded (paired t-test; P<0.05) the number on BCIG-SMAC medium. Conclusion: The present study indicates that the microbiological quality of environmental water samples analyzed do not comply with the regulatory standard. Therefore, special attention is warranted to improve the overall portable quality of water in the perspective of public health.

Microbiological Quality of Shellfish-Growing Waters in Chesapeake Bay

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
TUU-JYI CHAI ◽  
TZYY-JAN HAN ◽  
RALPH R. COCKEY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate

A total of 338 water samples were collected at 20 stations from three geographically shellfish-growing areas in Chesapeake Bay from May to September 1989. Samples were examined for standard plate count, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and coliphages. Salinity, dissolved oxygen and temperature varied slightly with the depth, season, and geographic area of water samples. The geometric means of standard plate count for the three areas were 135, 355 and 275/ml, respectively. The range of means of fecal coliform for these areas was from &lt;3 to 93/100 mi. Escherichia coli counts were also low with a range of &lt;3 to 93/100 mi and a mean of &lt; 3/100 mi. The growing water area adjacent to cropland was found to have higher bacterial counts than those of the other two areas. Levels of male-specific phages were very low. Results indicate that shellfish-growing waters in all three areas were of satisfactory bacteriological quality.

scholarly journals Mobile Dental Delivery System: An Effective Protocol for Hygiene and Disinfection

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Offner ◽  
Gabriel Fernandez De Grado ◽  
Marion Strub ◽  
Laure Belotti ◽  
Stéphanie Deboscker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Heterotrophic Plate Count ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Care Delivery ◽  
Dental Unit Waterlines ◽  
Over Time

Mobile dental delivery systems (MDDSs) are receiving growing interest for reaching isolated patients, as well as in dental care for fragile and hospitalized patients, with the advantage of being able to be used from room to room or during general anesthesia (GA) in an operating room. Therefore, ensuring the care safety is crucial. The aim of this study was to elaborate and assess an MDDS maintenance protocol, containing the management of dental unit waterlines and adapted to specific conditions such as dental care under GA. A step-by-step protocol was established and implemented for an MDDS used during dental care under GA in children. Samples of the output water were collected at J0, J+1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, and cultured to observe the microbiological quality of the water. All the results (heterotrophic plate count at 22 °C, at 37 °C, and specific pathogenic germs sought) showed an absence of contamination. The protocol presented was effective over time and allowed ensuring the safety of care to be ensured when using MDDS, even during dental procedures under GA. As a result, it could be implemented by any dental care delivery structure wanting to reinforce the safety of its practice.

scholarly journals The pursuit of good microbiological conditions in domestic softeners: a new improvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
L. Bolelli ◽  
Elida Nora Ferri ◽  
Stefano Sangiorgi ◽  
Giuseppe Novelli ◽  
Stefano Girotti
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Warm Environment ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Softened Water ◽  
Generous Support

Abstract Effective resin disinfection is mandatory to ensure the microbiological quality of water treated by domestic softeners. The wet and sometimes warm environment inside the softener is ideal for bacteria growth. Our research was focused on the evaluation of the microbial quality of water from softeners sanitized by chlorine solutions or by electrolytic systems. We employed the heterotrophic plate count and specific tests to monitor the presence of opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and coliforms). Completely new devices were equipped with a commercially available electrolytic system or with a newly patented one or sanitized by automatic or manual addition of chlorine solutions. In all cases, the contamination was reduced, not completely avoided. In particular, the patented electrolytic system significantly reduced bacterial proliferation in strongly contaminated devices. Our data confirm the difficulties encountered to solve the problem of microbiological quality of softened water and offer encouraging information on new possible solutions. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

Microbiological Quality of Ready-to-Eat Food Served in Schools in Wales, United Kingdom

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. MELDRUM ◽  
P. T. MANNION ◽  
J. GARSIDE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Quality Of Food

A survey of the general microbiological quality of ready-to-eat food served in schools was undertaken across Wales, United Kingdom. Of the 2,351 samples taken, four were identified as containing unsatisfactory counts of Escherichia coli, four contained unsatisfactory counts of Staphylococcus aureus, and one contained an unacceptable count of Bacillus cereus when compared with guidelines for the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat food published by the United Kingdom Public Health Laboratory Service in 2000. No samples contained detectable levels of Salmonella, Listeria species, or Clostridium perfringens. When compared with data on the general microbiological quality of food available in Wales, the food sampled from schools was of relatively better microbiological quality.

scholarly journals Multiregional Evaluation of the SimPlate Heterotrophic Plate Count Method Compared to the Standard Plate Count Agar Pour Plate Method in Water

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 453-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wayne Jackson ◽  
Karen Osborne ◽  
Gary Barnes ◽  
Carol Jolliff ◽  
Dianna Zamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Heterotrophic Plate Count ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Count Method ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Plate Count Method

ABSTRACT A new SimPlate heterotrophic plate count (HPC) method (IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, Maine) was compared with the pour plate method at 35°C for 48 h. Six laboratories tested a total of 632 water samples. The SimPlate HPC method was found to be equivalent to the pour plate method by regression analysis (r = 0.95;y = 0.99X + 0.06).

scholarly journals Analysis of the Physicochemical Parameters and Microbiological Quality of Water Samples Obtained from Mbiaso River and Enang Stream in Ikot Ekpene Metropolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Ekanem, Jonathan Okokon ◽  
Akpan, Nyaknoabasi Ime ◽  
Zorbari, Glory Msubaritoma
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Who Standards

The physicochemical, microbiological and heavy metal studies of water samples obtained from Mbiaso River and Enang Stream were investigated. Water samples were collected from two locations with two sampling points from each location along the course of the water body based on their use by the community and analysed using standard procedures. The results obtained were compared with WHO standards for drinking and recreational water. Aside titratable acidity, titratable alkalinity and BOD, all other physicochemical parameters were within the permissible standards. All the heavy metals concentrations were above the permissible limits except for Lead (Pb) that ranged between 0.01mg/l to 0.05 mg/l for all the sampling points. All the water samples were found to harbor coliforms organisms in numbers greater than the required WHO standards for water except for Enang river that lacked the presence of Vibrio spp. The total viable counts for all the water samples were generally high exceeding the standard limit of 1.0 x 102 cfu/ml for water. The total heterotrophic bacteria count, total coliform count, faecal coliform count and total fungal count ranged between 1.9x104 - 52x104 cfu/ml, 2.3x104 -38 x104 cfu/ml, 1.7x104 - 30x104 cfu/ml and 2.5x104 - 5.3x104 cfu/ml respectively. The total salmonella-shigella counts and total staphylococcus counts were in the range of 0.2 x102-0.4 x102 cfu/ml and 0.3 x102 -0.6 x104 cfu/ml respectively. From the study, it is suggested that some regulations measures be put in place to control pollution of the water while the water be properly treated before use for domestic, potable or recreational purposes.

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