scholarly journals A Level Playing Field for Comparing Air and Rail Travel Times

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sauter-Servaes ◽  
Thomas Krautscheid ◽  
Alexander Schober
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Travel Planning ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Online Travel

Background: Shifting travellers from air to rail can reduce environmental impacts and is an important European Union goal. Online travel planning applications allow travellers to easily compare air and rail transport choices, however, they may not accurately consider time travellers spend at the airport or railway station since these depend on buffer times travellers use to protect against delays. Methods: This research investigated the actual time spent at airports and railway stations to analyse the accuracy of travel planning applications and help improve the quality of travel time estimates.The research used a travel time recording application to determine the time spent by passengers at airports and railway stations. Data was collected for 312 trips. The research was supplemented by an extensive literature review of dwell times and multimodal travel planning applications. Results: The research found that travellers spent an average of 157 minutes at airports and 32 minutes at railway stations. Comparing these results to travel planning application, the information shows that the applications significantly underestimate time spent at airports and slightly underestimate time spent at railway stations.The use of unrealistic airport waiting times in travel planning applications distorts traveller perception in favour of air travel. Conclusion: Therefore, railway operators should support the development of improved travel planning applications that better consider waiting times. Improving these applications would be much more cost effective than infrastructure improvements designed to save a few minutes of travel time.

The Way We Never Were: Postracial Kinesiology and America

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen M. Smith ◽  
Katherine M. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
Meaningful Life ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Preparedness ◽  
Racial Hierarchies

Traditional histories of kinesiology generally read as chronological narratives of progress that highlight advancements in performance and technology; pioneering work by faculty and coaches (all White and very often male); the role of physical education in solving America’s crises of masculinity and military preparedness, and now obesity; and finally, stories of harmonious integration where sport serves as a meritocracy and level playing field. These narratives of progress remain prominent in many of the histories of our subdisciplines. Seven “snapshots” of moments in the history of kinesiology are utilized to illustrate often marginalized histories that reflect the profession’s role in creating and reinforcing racial hierarchies. Concluding remarks outline an anti-racist framing of kinesiology that may be worth pondering and outlining, especially as a way to link our subdisciplinary inquiries toward a goal of enhancing quality of life through meaningful, life-long physical activity for all.

Electoral Integrity

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-133
Author(s):  
Carolien van Ham
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Election Fraud ◽  
Established Democracies

Election integrity is crucial for political representation. If elections are flawed, rigged, or fraudulent, there is no level playing field for parties and candidates contesting the electoral race, and voters’ preferences are unlikely to be translated truthfully into election outcomes. Election fraud directly affects the formation of preferences, as well as the translation of preferences into votes in the chain of representation, thereby undermining the capacity of elections to generate accountability and responsiveness. This chapter discusses what election integrity is and how it can be measured and provides a review of what we know and do not know yet about election integrity. It then zooms in on election integrity in established democracies, mapping the specific challenges to election integrity experienced by democracies in Europe, North America, and Oceania. The chapter concludes by discussing the implications of challenges to election integrity for the quality of political representation.

scholarly journals Anti-Dumping Duties and Trade Remedial Measures: The Case of Dumping of Chinese Goods in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Bhasin
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Important Trading Partner ◽  
The Government

While China is an important trading partner for India, the increasing imports from China have taken its toll on our manufacturing sector. Many of these imports amount to dumping with goods being sold in the foreign market at a price below the domestic selling price. The deluge of Chinese imports in the Indian market is wiping out many domestic industries and is a cause for serious concern. The quality of these products is often questionable and there is an urgent need to educate and encourage people about the importance of quality products and promote buying of Indian goods. To deal with the detrimental effects of dumping in the Indian market, the government of India has employed measures such as anti-dumping duties and anti-subsidy duties. These measures are not meant to ensure general economic protection to domestic industry per se but are imposed only to ensure a level playing field for the domestic industry to mitigate the injury caused to them due to unfair practices of dumping or subsidization.

Influence of mineral elements on the yield and quality of grain of the prospective line in winter tritikale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.N. Voronchikhina ◽  
◽  
A.G. Marenkova ◽  
V. S. Rubets ◽  
V. V. Pylnev
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fertilizer System

The results of elements development of varietal agrotechnics of a new high-potential line 238h of winter triticale presented. It was identified that under the conditions of 2020 the most cost effective fertilizer system is an early spring application of NPK (S) (15-15-15 (10)) at a dose of 200kg/ha. The profitability level of this fertilizer was 88,9%.

Regulatory Issues in Pakistan Telecommunication

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Khan Quershi
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Competitive Price ◽  
Modern Services ◽  
A Company ◽  
Telecom Infrastructure

Growth in telecom infrastructure and provision of modern telecom services to consumers at a cost based tariff helps growth of national economy. Modern telecoms serve as the engine of growth of national economy. Following the global trends of liberalisation and deregulation in telecoms monopolies which have thus far been providing inefficient communication at a greedily high tariffs are falling apart. Mergers in telecoms are not for increasing the size of the monopoly but to provide more efficient and cost effective services to the consumers. In Pakistan the erstwhile T&T department played a needful role at its time. Conversion of the department into a corporation and then into a company were steps necessary for following the global trends. Need now is to continue this trend further, eliminate the monopolistic approach by allowing more players in the field thus permitting the market forces to decide the provision of better quality of modern services at competitive price.

A Sample Preparation on Decapsulation Methodology for Effective Failure Analysis on Thin Small Leadless (TSLP) Flip Chip Package with Copper Pillar (CuP) Bump Interconnect Technology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwee Hoon Yen ◽  
Ng Kiong Kay
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Fault Localization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Voltage Contrast ◽  
Interconnect Technology

Abstract Today, failure analysis involving flip chip [1] with copper pillar bump packaging technologies would be the major challenges faced by analysts. Most often, handling on the chips after destructive chemical decapsulation is extremely critical as there are several failure analysis steps to be continued such as chip level fault localization, chip micro probing for fault isolation, parallel lapping [2, 3, 4] and passive voltage contrast. Therefore, quality of sample preparation is critical. This paper discussed and demonstrated a quick, reliable and cost effective methodology to decapsulate the thin small leadless (TSLP) flip chip package with copper pillar (CuP) bump interconnect technology.

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