The Role of Transport in Reverse Distribution Chains

Reverse distribution operations have become significant to the manufacturers in supporting the firms to achieve the circularity of products in the reverse flow chains. There are four main components of the reverse distribution chains; inbound and outbound transportation, collection of returns, centralised returns centres, and recovery process. Transport is essential by reducing the lead time and transportation cost of the used and the recovered products. Therefore, it is pertinent that the manufacturers continue endeavouring for the sustainable transportation process in each of the components to ensure the success of the reverse distribution chains.

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The Role of Information Sharing and Joint Transportation Process for Empty Run Reduction

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.1030 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 463-464 ◽

pp. 1030-1034 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chaiyot Peetijade ◽

Athikom Bangviwat

Keyword(s):

Information Sharing ◽

Manufacturing Sector ◽

Transportation Cost ◽

Pickup Truck ◽

Transportation Sector ◽

Transportation Process ◽

The Cost ◽

Role Of Information

In Thailand pickup truck is the most popular vehicle both for individual and organization. Manufacturing sector also uses pickup trucks to delivery products. Empty truck run is a major problem for transportation sector which increases transportation cost and inefficient use of energy. This paper attempts to present the information gathered from the survey and to provide general characteristics of pickup truck runs in manufacturing sector. More than 95 percent of backhaul trips using pickup truck were empty. Information of truck trips from each factory is the key point to lower empty miles by joint transportation processes. The survey showed that if the information of empty truck runs was shared and the matching of truck trips was carried out, a total empty mile of 15,161 kilometers out of 220 pairs of matching backhaul trips, or 15.36 percent of total truck runs, could be saved. Consequently, the cost of product will be reduced.

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The ROLE OF CHINA-PAK ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC) IN LOGISTIC SYSTEM OF PAKISTAN’S AND CHINA’S

Journal of Management Info ◽

10.31580/jmi.v6i1.469 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 48-50

Author(s):

Ikram Uddin

Keyword(s):

Persian Gulf ◽

Lead Time ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Delivery Time ◽

Fiber Optic Cable ◽

Total Cost ◽

Economic Complexity ◽

Shipping Cost ◽

The Impact

This study will explain the impact of China-Pak Economic Corridor (CPEC) on logistic system of China and Pakistan. This project is estimated investment of US $90 billion, CPEC project is consists of various sub-projects including energy, road, railway and fiber optic cable but major portion will be spent on energy. This project will start from Kashgar port of china to Gwadar port of Pakistan. Transportation is sub-function of logistic that consists of 44% total cost of logistic system and 20% total cost of production of manufacturing and mainly shipping cost and transit/delivery time are critical for logistic system. According to OEC (The Observing Economic Complexity) currently, china is importing crude oil which 13.4% from Persian Gulf. CPEC will china for lead time that will be reduced from 45 days to 10 days and distance from 2500km to 1300km. This new route will help to china for less transit/deliver time and shipping cost in terms of logistic of china. Pakistan’s transportation will also improve through road, railway and fiber optic cabal projects from Karachi-Peshawar it will have speed 160km per hour and with help of pipeline between Gwadar to Nawabshah gas will be transported from Iran. According to (www.cpec.inf.com) Pakistan logistic industry will grow by US $30.77 billion in the end of 2020.

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The Simple View of Reading in Italian beginner readers: Converging evidence and open debates on the role of the main components

Learning and Individual Differences ◽

10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101961 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 101961

Author(s):

Elena Florit ◽

Maja Roch ◽

Raffaele Dicataldo ◽

M. Chiara Levorato

Keyword(s):

Simple View Of Reading ◽

Simple View ◽

Main Components

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Renal NG2-expressing cells have macrophage-like phenotype and facilitate renal recovery after ischemic injury

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00011.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wararat Kittikulsuth ◽

Daisuke Nakano ◽

Kento Kitada ◽

Norio Suzuki ◽

Masayuki Yamamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Ischemic Injury ◽

Recovery Process ◽

Mannose Receptor ◽

M2 Macrophage ◽

Debris Accumulation ◽

Cellular Debris ◽

Brain Pericytes ◽

Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

Pericytes play an important role in the recovery process after ischemic injury of many tissues. Brain pericytes in the peri-infarct area express macrophage markers in response to injury stimuli and are involved in neovascularization. In the kidney, nerve/glial antigen 2 (NG2)+ pericytes have been found to accumulate after renal injury. These accumulated NG2+ cells are not involved in scar formation. However, the role of accumulated NG2+ cells in injured kidneys remains unknown. Here, using a reversible ischemic reperfusion model, we found that renal NG2+ cells were increased in injured kidneys and expressed macrophage markers (CD11b or F4/80) on day 3 after reperfusion. Isolated NG2+ cells from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) kidneys also had phagocytic activity and expressed anti-inflammatory cytokine genes, including mannose receptor and IL-10. These macrophage-like NG2+ cells did not likely differentiate into myofibroblasts because they did not increase α-SMA expression. Intravenous transfusion of renal NG2+ cells isolated from donor mice on day 3 after reperfusion into recipient mice on day 1 after I/R surgery revealed that NG2+ cell-injected mice had lower plasma blood urea nitrogen, reduced KIM-1 mRNA expression, ameliorated renal damage, and reduced cellular debris accumulation than PBS-injected mice on day 5 after reperfusion. In conclusion, these data suggest that renal NG2+ cells have an M2 macrophage-like ability and play a novel role in facilitating the recovery process after renal I/R injury.

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Neuroprotective Role of Nutritional Supplementation in Athletes

Current Molecular Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1874467214666211209144721 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Supriya Mishra ◽

Vikram Jeet Singh ◽

Pooja A Chawla ◽

Viney Chawla

Keyword(s):

Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Recovery Process ◽

Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Long Run ◽

Pathological Mechanism ◽

Injury Recovery

Background: Neurodegenerative disorders belong to different classes of progressive/chronic conditions that affect the peripheral/central nervous system. It has been shown through studies that athletes who play sports involving repeated head trauma and sub-concussive impacts are more likely to experience neurological impairments and neurodegenerative disorders in the long run. Aims: The aim of the current narrative review article is to provide a summary of various nutraceuticals that offer promise in the prevention or management of sports-related injuries, especially concussions and mild traumatic brain injuries. Methods: This article reviews the various potential nutraceutical agents and their possible mechanisms in providing a beneficial effect in the injury recovery process. A thorough survey of the literature was carried out in the relevant databases to identify studies published in recent years. In the present article, we have also highlighted the major neurological disorders along with the associated nutraceutical(s) therapy in the management of disorders. Results: The exact pathological mechanism behind neurodegenerative conditions is complex as well as idiopathic. However, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress as well as intracellular calcium overload are some common reasons responsible for the progression of these neurodegenerative disorders. Owing to the multifaceted effects of nutraceuticals (complementary medicine), these supplements have gained importance as neuroprotective. These diet-based approaches inhibit different pathways in a physiological manner without eliciting adverse effects. Food habits and lifestyle of an individual also affect neurodegeneration. Conclusion: Studies have shown nutraceuticals (such as resveratrol, omega-3-fatty acids) to be efficacious in terms of their neuroprotection against several neurodegenerative disorders and to be used as supplements in the management of traumatic brain injuries. Protection prior to injuries is needed since concussions or sub-concussive impacts may trigger several pathophysiological responses or cascades that can lead to long-term complications associated with CNS. Thus, the use of nutraceuticals as prophylactic treatment for neurological interventions has been proposed.

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Comparative analysis of the effect of epibrassinolide and 6-benzylaminopurine on the key components of the glutathione complex in the roots of wheat seedling under salinity.

Biomics ◽

10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2021-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

D.R. Maslennikova ◽

F.M. Shakirova

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Wheat Seedling ◽

Glutathione System ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Wheat Seedlings ◽

Comparable Level ◽

Endogenous Cytokinins ◽

Main Components ◽

First Time

The study carried out a comparative analysis of the effect of 24 epibrassinolide (EB) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on the growth and state of the main components of the glutathione system in the roots of wheat seedlings under the action of 2% NaCl, which for the first time revealed the ability of these phytohormones to similarly stabilize stress-induced decrease GSH / GSSG ratio, positively regulate the activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. A comparable level of protective effect of BAP and EB on root length was revealed. The data obtained indicate that endogenous cytokinins may play the role of hormonal intermediates in the implementation of the protective.

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On the role of sports nutrition in modern sports and society

Food processing industry ◽

10.52653/ppi.2021.5.5.018 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 75-79

Author(s):

Сергей Валерьевич Штерман ◽

Михаил Юрьевич Сидоренко ◽

Юрий Ильич Сидоренко ◽

Валерий Соломонович Штерман ◽

Наталья Ивановна Чеботарева

Keyword(s):

Sports Injuries ◽

Team Sports ◽

Recovery Process ◽

Sports Nutrition ◽

Theory And Practice ◽

Motivating Factors ◽

Team Leaders ◽

Individual Sports ◽

Improve Health

Спортивное питание в настоящее время - это неразделимый сплав, представляющий на практике реализацию современных достижений спортивной физиологии на основе использования специально разработанных продуктов питания со строго научно обоснованным составом. Цель работы заключалась в оценке распространенности в настоящее время продуктов спортивного питания среди различных групп спортсменов и широких слоев населения; в выявлении основных целей, которые ставят перед собой их потребители; в анализе динамики ассортимента продукции на рынке; в определении мотивирующих факторов, оказывающих влияние на потребление этих продуктов и прогнозирование направлений дальнейшего их развития. Доля спортсменов различного уровня, использующих продукты спортивного питания, в настоящее время в разных странах мира составляет от 48 до 81 %. В качестве основных целей их потребления рассматривается повышение уровня спортивных достижений, укрепление состояния здоровья, ускорение процесса восстановления после тренировок и соревнований, улучшение внешнего вида и снижение вероятности получения спортивных травм. Распространенность, объем потребления и ассортимент продуктов спортивного питания увеличиваются с ростом спортивной квалификации атлетов. По причине того, что индивидуальные спортивные дисциплины предъявляют более жесткие психологические требования к их участникам по сравнению с командными, распространенность спортивного питания среди спортсменов в индивидуальных видах спорта установлена выше, чем в командных. Данные проведенных исследований указывают на настоятельную необходимость, с целью обеспечения эффективности применения спортивного питания и предотвращения возникновения нежелательных побочных последствий, постоянного повышения квалификации спортсменов, тренеров, руководителей команд и сопровождающих их медицинских работников в области теории и практики применения современных продуктов спортивного питания. Sports nutrition nowadays is an indivisible alloy, representing in practice the implementation of modern achievements in sports physiology by using specially developted food products with a strictly scientifically formed composition. The purpose of this article was to assess the prevalence of sports nutrition products among various groups of athletes and general population; identifying the main goals that consumers set for themselves in this case; analyzing of the product dynamics on the market; establishing motivating factors that influence consumers behavior and forecasting directions of further sports nutrition development. The share of athletes of various levels using sports nutrition products in different countris of the world currently estimates from 48 to 81 %. The main goals of their consumption are comsidered to increase the level of athletics performance; improve health; accelerate the recovery process after training and competion; improve appearance and reduce the probability of sports injuries. The prevalence, consuption and variety of sports nutrition products used increase with the growth athletes` sports qualification. Due to the fact that individual sports disciplinces impose more stringent physological requirements on their participants compared to team sports, the prevalence of sports nutrition among athletes in individual sports is higher than in team sports. The data of studies indicate the urgent need, in order to ensure the proper effectiveness of the sports nutrition consumption and to avoid the occurance of undesirable side effects, of the carring out continuous knowledge upgrading of athletes, team leaders and accompaning medical personal in the field of theory and practice of sports nutrition.

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FEM Analysis of Contact for Converter Spherical Hinge

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.331 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 365-366 ◽

pp. 331-334

Author(s):

Xue Ping Ren ◽

Jian Da Gao

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Thermal Stress ◽

Optimum Design ◽

Theoretical Basis ◽

Fem Analysis ◽

Structure Design ◽

Coupling Field ◽

Main Components ◽

Spherical Hinge

The role of converter spherical hinge is one of the main components, combined with practical work and With help of FEM, Thermal Stress coupling field of spherical washer can been obtained through numerical simulation. The result supplies substantial theoretical basis for further structure design and optimum design of mechanism.

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