scholarly journals Analysis of Unusual Adverse Effects After Radium-223 Dichloride Administration

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Viviana Frantellizzi ◽  
Mariano Pontico ◽  
Arianna Pani ◽  
Roberto Pani ◽  
Giuseppe De Vincentis
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Radium 223 ◽  
Radiopharmaceutical Agents

Background: To our knowledge, no previous study or literature review has been performed about the effects of the extravasation of therapeutic radiopharmaceutical agents and its potential consequences, especially regarding alpha-particle emitting radiopharmaceuticals. Methods: Even if Radium-223 dichloride is known to be a relatively safe drug to manage, despite the correctness of the procedures applied , unexpected delayed adverse effects can occur. : In our vast experience, we rarely observed lymphedema, even after some time, at the site of administration. Results: Management of lymphedema caused by radiopharmaceuticals administration has been addressed through clinical examples. The sudden intervention allowed a fast remission of the signs and symptoms complained by patients treated with Radium-223 dichloride. Conclusions: The management of adverse effects after radiopharmaceuticals administration as in case of lymphedema onset, is extremely simple. These data confirm the safety of Radium-223 treatment.

scholarly journals The costs of functional gastrointestinal disorders and related signs and symptoms in infants: a systematic literature review and cost calculation for England

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e015594 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mahon ◽  
Carlos Lifschitz ◽  
Thomas Ludwig ◽  
Nikhil Thapar ◽  
Julie Glanville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Party Payer ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Cost

ObjectivesTo estimate the cost of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and related signs and symptoms in infants to the third party payer and to parents.Study designTo estimate the cost of illness (COI) of infant FGIDs, a two-stage process was applied: a systematic literature review and a COI calculation. As no pertinent papers were found in the systematic literature review, a ‘de novo’ analysis was performed. For the latter, the potential costs for the third party payer (the National Health Service (NHS) in England) and for parents/carers for the treatment of FGIDs in infants were calculated, by using publicly available data. In constructing the calculation, estimates and assumptions (where necessary) were chosen to provide a lower bound (minimum) of the potential overall cost. In doing so, the interpretation of the calculation is that the true COI can be no lower than that estimated.ResultsOur calculation estimated that the total costs of treating FGIDs in infants in England were at least £72.3 million per year in 2014/2015 of which £49.1 million was NHS expenditure on prescriptions, community care and hospital treatment. Parents incurred £23.2 million in costs through purchase of over the counter remedies.ConclusionsThe total cost presented here is likely to be a significant underestimate as only lower bound estimates were used where applicable, and for example, costs of alternative therapies, inpatient treatments or diagnostic tests, and time off work by parents could not be adequately estimated and were omitted from the calculation. The number and kind of prescribed products and products sold over the counter to treat FGIDs suggest that there are gaps between treatment guidelines, which emphasise parental reassurance and nutritional advice, and their implementation.

TAMI-01. BRAIN METASTASES: CURRENT LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi198-vi198
Author(s):  
Ruchi Raval ◽  
Aadi Pandya ◽  
Jaspreet Behl ◽  
Sumul Raval
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
The Brain

Abstract PURPOSE As more information is gathered about brain metastases, it still remains that the current prognosis of brain metastases is very poor. Due to this, it is imperative that physicians are aware of the most important components regarding brain metastases. This literature review will encompass the most current literature in order to highlight the most crucial information. METHODS All mentioned studies and literature reviews cited in the paper were obtained through various sites, and were published between 1996 and 2017. The main components that were required from the papers reviewed included where in the body the brain metastases originated from, where in the brain they tended to spread to, what the signs and symptoms typical of patients with brain metastases are, and what the options are in terms of treatment. RESULTS Using the results from a variety of studies performed within the past three decades, it is apparent that brain metastases most commonly originate from, in order of increasing frequency, lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer. In addition, it is reaffirmed that the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best diagnostic tool to be used when dealing with brain metastases. The most frequent signs and symptoms of a brain metastases include cognitive changes, headaches, weakness, and seizures. Finally, supportive treatment includes use of corticosteroids, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and anticoagulation therapy. Definitive treatment for brain metastases varies based on size, location, and prevalence in the brain, but the most effective options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. CONCLUSIONS The study’s results confirm the need for more research to be done regarding brain metastases, and better options to increase the survival of patients.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, exacerbation and self-management: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 452-457
Author(s):  
Paula Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Management Plans

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being increasingly diagnosed in the UKs on the rise, and is expected to continue to rise due to an ageing population with multiple co-morbidities and exposure to risk factors, such as cigarette smoke, noxious gases and air pollutants. The prevalence of this disease is high is areas of socioeconomic deprivation and among high industrial areas. The use of self-management plans in COPD is recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), to enable to patients with this disease to be competent and confident in taking part in managing their own health condition and recognising signs and symptoms of an exacerbation. The aim of this article is to discuss self-management of COPD and the clinical guidance surrounding exacerbation of disease. A follow-up literature review will focus on the effectiveness of self-management plans in COPD.

Highlights on Important Medicinal Plants for the Menopause Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaele de A. Rodrigues ◽  
Aline de S. Ramos ◽  
José Luiz P. Ferreira ◽  
Jefferson Rocha de A. Silva ◽  
Ana Clara B. Maria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: A reduction in ovarian hormones, which is distinctive of menopause, often involves signs and symptoms that compromise the quality of life and health of women. The transient manifestations are changes in the menstrual cycle, vasomotor symptoms, neuropsychological symptoms, and genitourinary changes. In some cases, the hormonal changes can evolve to non-transitory manifestations, which include urinary incontinence, changes in metabolism, osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. Hormone replacement therapy is the treatment of choice to alleviate transient symptoms of menopause; however, there are many limitations, contraindications and situations in which the risks of adverse effects are high, such as coronary artery disease, stroke, venous thromboembolism, dementia, type 2 diabetes, and the increased incidence of breast cancer. Objective: This work aims to highlight important medicinal plants for the treatment of the transient symptoms of menopause, with less side effects than traditional hormone replacement therapy. Results: There is sufficient information regarding the efficacy and safety in the use of the following plant species in the treatment of transient symptoms of menopause: Actaea racemosa, Glycine max, Trifolium pratense, Salvia officinalis, Humulus lupulus, Panax ginseng, Vitex agnus-castus, and Trigonella foenum-graecum. Additionally, the search indicated the chemical classes related to the benefits of the selected species, adverse effects, and interactions with other drugs.

Laryngeal Clefts

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Lim ◽  
Suzanne S. Spanier ◽  
Robert I. Kohut
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Serial Sectioning ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid ◽  
Histopathologic Findings

The histopathologic findings in a case of laryngeal cleft studied by serial sectioning, and a literature review of this clinical entity are presented. The primary micropathologic findings include a cleft deformity of the posterior cricoid lamina, and alterations in muscle differentiation involving the interarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. Possible embryogenic mechanisms are discussed. The clinical picture is characterized by signs and symptoms of aspiration with airway obstruction, and definitive diagnosis is achieved by endoscopic examination. Treatment consists of surgical repair, although some patients with type 1 laryngeal clefts may be managed on a conservative trial. The need for uniform classification of laryngeal clefts in future reporting is emphasized.

scholarly journals DIURETIC RESISTANCE IN ADVANCED HEART FAILURE: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Anita Surya Santoso ◽  
Mohammad Saifur Rohman ◽  
Indra Prasetya ◽  
Budi Satrijo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Advanced Heart Failure ◽  
Diuretic Resistance

Advanced heart failure (HF) is used to characterized patients in HF with severe symptoms, recurrent decompensation and severe cardiac dysfunction. The prevalencekof HFkis approximatelyg1-2% of thecadult population inhdeveloped countries and it will be rising more than 10%pamongapeoplec>70ayears of age, whereas estimated theoprevalence ofcpatients with advanced HF is about 1% until 10%cof thekoverallkHFopopulation. Most ofkthe HF hospitalizationssare due to signs and symptoms of fluidcoverload.Recurrent congestionccould worsen patientssoutcomes.Loopdiureticssare recommended for thectreatmentcofkcongestionqinprHF patient. cHowever,cdiureticvresistanceeispavcommon problem issueiinpacuteqdecompensationtofcadvancedochronicrheartwfailureq(ACHF) patients and established prognostic factor. Some early reports estimated the prevalence of diuretic resistance about 20%-30% in HF population. In this review, we will be discuss how to diagnose the advancedvheartufailurepand the underlying mechanism of diuretic resistancebin HF patients. We also describe pharmacologicalvand non-pharmacologicalstrategies to overcome this issue.

scholarly journals Clinical manifestations of chronic subdural hematoma in the elderly: Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ferreira Kalkmann ◽  
Carlos Umberto Pereira ◽  
Francisco de Assis Pereira ◽  
Débora Moura da Paixão Oliveira ◽  
Nicollas Nunes Rabelo
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Chronic Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Study Results

Introduction: The clinical manifestations of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) are often confused with other medical entities in the elderly, making their early diagnosis difficult or difficult. Early diagnosis is important, since its prognosis is directly associated with the preoperative neurological state, thus resulting in a worse vital and functional prognosis. Objectives: Report through a literature review the clinical manifestations of CSDH in the elderly population. Methods: Literature review, with the search terms: “Signs and Symptoms”, “Chronic Subdural Hematoma”, Aged, Diagnosis and Prognosis. In which PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Cochrane and TripDataBase data platforms were used. The inclusion criteria were: original studies published in any language. Articles in which full reading was prevented were excluded. With the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 110 articles were included in the study. Results: Clinical presentation depends on the location, volume of the hematoma, rapid growth, the location of the CSDH, whether unilateral or bilateral, and the clinical conditions of the patient. Because the forms of clinical presentation of CSDH are variable, it is necessary that health professionals linked to the elderly (geriatrician, psychiatrist, general practitioner) have knowledge of this clinical entity. Conclusions: The recognition of classic forms as well as the identification of risk factors in the elderly favors the timely diagnosis and treatment of CSDH in the elderly population.

scholarly journals Therapeutic management of movement disorders present in Huntington’s Disease: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Angelo Vidal de Figueiredo ◽  
Kaline dos Santos Kishishita Castro ◽  
Sílvia Raimunda Costa Leite
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Management ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections

Background: Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative genetic disease with motor, cognitive and behavioral repercussions that interferes in several areas of the patients’ lives. Therefore, to increase the quality of life for patients the therapeutic management of symptoms is necessary. Objective: to elucidate the main forms of treatment that reduces motor disorders present in HD. Methods: an integrative literature review was conducted using scientific articles published between 2016-2020 about this topic found in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases. Results: the chorea treatment in HD can be done using Tetrabenazine, deutetrabenazine or antipsychotics. During a study by the Huntington Study Group (HSG), tetrabenazine proved its efficacy, however, due to several adverse effects, its use was reduced. Thus, deutetrabenazine was created, which consists in a tetrabenazine deuterated version, with a longer half- life and less adverse effects. Studies by the HSG found that besides reducing chorea, it also improves motor function in general in patients. Antipsychotics are used when the patient has behavioral and psychiatric symptoms that prevent him from using the other drugs. The dystonia treatment involves physiotherapy and botulinum toxin injections, which are also used in the bruxism therapy, along with mouth protectors. Abnormal gait and balance problems can be reduced with psychomotor rehabilitation, physiotherapy, and using a walker. Conclusion: the control of HD motor symptoms is an important way to increase patients’ quality of life. Therefore, more studies are necessary to expand the effective therapeutic options.

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