Chemical Constituents of Functional Food Amomum villosum to Combat Human Diseases

Background: Amomum villosum is an important medicinal and edible plant owing to its valuable compositions of volatile and non-volatile compounds. Objective : In order to reveal the chemical constituents and medicinal values of A. villosum against various diseases. Methods : A critical and comprehensive data mining from 2004 to 2021 was performed based on CNKI, PubMed, and google. Results: 120 Compounds have been reported collectively in seeds, peels, and rhizomes of A. villosum, 10 compounds were common however the content of bornyl acetate was maximum in seeds and peels. Similarly, Amomi fructus of China and Vietnam showed 59 different types of volatile compounds while 13 were common, the round large black fruits (1.56% bornyl acetate and 4.05% volatile oil) and long small red fruits type (1.64% bornyl acetate and 3.04% volatile oil) from China showed good quality and high medicinal values. In addition, Amomi fructus manifested 30~40 kinds of nonvolatile compounds, i.e., phenolic, polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoid, vanillic acid, catechin, epicatechin, polydatin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, glycosides, inorganic and organic acids. Conclusion: A. villosum is widely used as anti-inflammatory, gastrointestinal protection, anti-obesity, anticancer, antioxidant, analgesic, bacteriostasis, antidiabetic and anti-COVID-19 etc. So, it is manifested that the fruit, flowers, roots, stems, and leaves of A. villosum can be used as a medicine, especially fruit (Amomi fructus=Sharen) as the best functional food for the COVID-19 treatment and gastrointestinal protection as well as prevention of other diseases.

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Comparison of Volatile Oil between the Fruits of Amomum villosum Lour. and Amomum villosum Lour. var. xanthioides T. L. Wu et Senjen Based on GC-MS and Chemometric Techniques

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24091663 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 1663 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hui Ao ◽

Jing Wang ◽

Lu Chen ◽

Shengmao Li ◽

Chunmei Dai

Keyword(s):

Chemical Constituents ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Volatile Oils ◽

Chemometric Techniques ◽

Amomum Villosum

Fructus Amomi (FA) is usually regarded as the dried ripe fruit of Amomum villosum Lour. (FAL) or Amomum villosum Lour. var. xanthioides T. L. Wu et Senjen (FALX.). However, FAL, which always has a much higher price because of its better quality, is often confused with FALX. in the market. As volatile oil is the main constituent of FA, a strategy combining gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and chemometric approaches was applied to compare the chemical composition of FAL and FALX. The results showed that the oil yield of FAL was significantly higher than that of FALX. Total ion chromatography (TIC) showed that cis-nerolidol existed only in FALX. Bornyl acetate and camphor can be considered the most important volatile components in FAL and FALX., respectively. Moreover, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) successfully distinguished the chemical constituents of the volatile oils in FAL and FALX. Additionally, bornyl acetate, α-cadinol, linalool, β-myrcene, camphor, d-limonene, terpinolene and borneol were selected as the potential markers for discriminating FAL and FALX. by partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA). In conclusion, this present study has developed a scientific approach to separate FAL and FALX. based on volatile oils, by GC-MS combined with chemometric techniques.

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Comparison of volatile compounds in different parts of fresh Amomum villosum Lour. from different geographical areas using cryogenic grinding combined HS–SPME–GC–MS

Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1186/s13020-020-00377-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ling-Xiao Chen ◽

Yun-Feng Lai ◽

Wei-Xiong Zhang ◽

Jing Cai ◽

Hao Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Ion Source ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Principle Components Analysis ◽

Cryogenic Grinding ◽

Fruit Samples ◽

Amomum Villosum ◽

Different Parts

Abstract Background The essential oil is one of the main active ingredients of Amomum villosum Lour. However, volatile compounds are easily lost during the drying, storage and even sample preparation procedure. Therefore, using fresh samples can obtain more accurately data for qualitative and comparative analysis. Methods In this study, the volatile compounds in different parts of fresh A. villosum from different origins were systemic analyzed and compared by using cryogenic grinding combined HS–SPME–GC–MS for the first time. GC–MS analyses were performed on a 6890 Series GC instrument coupled to a 5973 N mass spectrometer. The volatile compounds were extracted by the SPME fiber (100 μm PDMS). Analytes separation was achieved on a HP-5MS capillary column. The oven temperature was initially programmed at 70 °C, then raised 4 °C/min to reach 125 °C and then programmed at 0.5 °C/min to 133 °C, then at 6 °C/min to 170 °C and finally, at 20 °C/min to 280 °C held for 2 min. The temperatures of the injection port, ion source and transfer line were set at 250 °C, 230 °C and 280 °C, respectively. Results Forty-eight main compounds were identified in different parts of fresh A. villosum. The most abundant components in fresh fruit samples were camphor (3.91%), bornyl acetate (10.53%), caryophyllene (8.70%), β-bisabolene (11.50%), (E)-nerolidol (14.82%) and cubenol (10.04%). This is quite different with that of dried samples analyzed in our previous work. As different parts of the same plant, many common components with biological activities were detected in fruit and other parts. In principle components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), four parts of A. villosum were divided into different groups clearly. Additionally, fruit and root samples also could be divided into two subgroups (HCA) in accordance with their regions. Conclusion The developed method was successfully used for qualitative and comparative analysis of volatile compounds in fresh A. villosum samples. Additionally, using fresh samples can obtain much more information which is helpful for their performance in the fields of functional foods, agriculture and biomedical industry. Furthermore, our research is helpful for comprehensive utilization and quality control of A. villosum.

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Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Volatile Oil of Se-Enriched Selenium Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. GC-MS

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.1572 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 554-556 ◽

pp. 1572-1576 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chi Zhang ◽

Xing Ping Liu

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compounds ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Decanoic Acid ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Hexanoic Acid ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Capillary Gc ◽

Butyl Ether ◽

Isopentyl Alcohol

Objective : Codonopsis tangshen Oliv.is a kind of traditional Chinese medicinal materials high medicinal purposes value and wide application.It had important meanding to analyze its volatile oil consitituent on expanding its utilization and increasing the added value.Methods:The volatile compounds of Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. were isolated with steam distillation,and identified by capillary GC／MS and the relative contents of the constitons were detemined by area normalization method. Rusults: 60 volatile components were identified and determined，accounting for98.51％ of the total area of the peaks.Conclusion: The main volatile compounds are :Decanoic acid 2-monoglyceride,Furfural,Isopentyl alcohol,Palmitic acid,eugenol methyl ether,Di-sec-butyl ether,Hydroperoxide, 1-methylhexyl,Hexanoic acid ,2,4,5-trimethyl-1,3-Dioxolane ,Propasol solvent P,Hexyl alcohol ,cis-Isosafrole ,2-Hexenal ,Cajeputol.

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Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Volatile Oil Fruit of Cinnamomun amphora(L．)Presl GC-MS

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.343 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 724-725 ◽

pp. 343-347

Author(s):

Chi Zhang ◽

Xing Ping Liu

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compounds ◽

Tree Species ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Southern China ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Normalization Method ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Timber Species ◽

Capillary Gc

Objective : Cinnamomun amphora(L.)Presl is a kind of one of the important economical tree species and valuable timber species in southern China,It had important meanding to analyze its volatile oil consitituent on expanding its utilization and increasing the added value.Methods:The volatile compounds of Fruit of Cinnamomun amphora(L.)Presl were isolated with steam distillation,and identified by capillary GC/MS /DS and the relative contents of the constitons were detemined by area normalization method. Rusults: 60 volatile components were identified and determined,accounting for 94.69% of the total area of the peaks.Conclusion: The main volatile compounds are: Methyleugenol,Safrene Eucalyptol,Caryophyllene ,Terpineol,Sabinene ,πSelinene ,L-4-terpineol,α-πPinenα-,πTerpieol,Myrcene,Gamma terpinene,πSelinenol,Alloaromadendren,Isoledene,2-Carene,π-Cadinene .

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Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils from Flower, Leaf, and Stem of Rhynchanthus beesianus

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/5562461 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Qi Chen ◽

Xiaoge Zhao ◽

Tingya Lu ◽

Yao Yang ◽

Yi Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Edible Plant ◽

Leaf Essential Oil ◽

Application Potential ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Main Components ◽

Factor Α

Rhynchanthus beesianus is a medicinal, ornamental, and edible plant, and its essential oil has been used as an aromatic stomachic in China. In this study, the chemical constituents, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties of flower essential oil (F-EO), leaf essential oil (L-EO), and stem essential oil (S-EO) of R. beesianus were investigated for the first time. According to the GC-FID/MS assay, the F-EO was mainly composed of bornyl formate (21.7%), 1,8-cineole (21.6%), borneol (9.7%), methyleugenol (7.7%), β-myrcene (5.4%), limonene (4.7%), camphene (4.5%), linalool (3.4%), and α-pinene (3.1%). The predominant components of L-EO were bornyl formate (33.9%), borneol (13.2%), 1,8-cineole (12.1%), methyleugenol (8.0%), camphene (7.8%), bornyl acetate (6.2%), and α-pinene (4.3%). The main components of S-EO were borneol (22.5%), 1,8-cineole (21.3%), methyleugenol (14.6%), bornyl formate (11.6%), and bornyl acetate (3.9%). For the bioactivities, the F-EO, L-EO, and S-EO exhibited significant antibacterial property against Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli with the inhibition zones (7.28–9.69 mm), MIC (3.13–12.50 mg/mL), and MBC (6.25–12.50 mg/mL). Besides, the F-EO, L-EO, and S-EO significantly inhibited the production of proinflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) (93.15–94.72%) and cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) (23.99–77.81%) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (17.69–24.93%) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells at the dose of 128 μg/mL in the absence of cytotoxicity. Hence, the essential oils of R. beesianus flower, leaf, and stem could be used as natural antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents with a high application potential in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields.

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Analysis of Volatile Oils Extracted from “Spring No. 1” by GC-MS: A New Cultivar Obtained by Cross-Breeding of Amomum Villosum Lour.

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1837 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 550-553 ◽

pp. 1837-1840 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dan Yan Zhang ◽

Shao Yan Zheng ◽

Yi Long Chen ◽

Shi Jie Li ◽

Xiao Ni Ouyang

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Volatile Oils ◽

Average Composition ◽

Cross Breeding ◽

Acceptable Alternative ◽

Major Chemical ◽

Amomum Villosum

In this paper we first report the chemical composition of the volatile oils of the new hybrid (Spring No.1) obtained by cross-breeding of Amomum villosum Lour. The essential oil was laboratory-extracted from the seeds of the new hybrid by hydrodistillation. The average composition as single components for all the oils analyzed is reported. Moreover, the data obtained were statistically analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 44 compounds were identified. The amount of the major compounds of the new hybrid (Spring No.1) were bornyl acetate (30.54 %), camphor (22.3 %), limonene (8.28 %), camphene (6.71 %), β-Caryophyllene (5.14 %), β-myrcene (4.74 %), borneol (3.1 %), etc. It can be concluded that the major chemical constituents of essential oil in the new hybrid (Spring No.1) are terpenes. The volatile oils of the new hybrid analyzed have potential commercial value because they could be an acceptable alternative to the valuable volatile oils of Amomum villosum Lour.

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Allelopathic Effect of Serphidium kaschgaricum (Krasch.) Poljak. Volatiles on Selected Species

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030495 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 495

Author(s):

Shixing Zhou ◽

Toshmatov Zokir ◽

Yu Mei ◽

Lijing Lei ◽

Kai Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compounds ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Chemical Profile ◽

Volatile Oils ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

First Time ◽

Stem Leaf

The chemical profile and allelopathic effect of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by a dominant shrub Serphidium kaschgaricum (Krasch.) Poljak. growing in northwestern China was investigated for the first time. Serphidium kaschgaricu was found to release volatile compounds into the surroundings to affect other plants’ growth, with its VOCs suppressing root elongation of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Poa annua L. by 65.47% and 60.37% at 10 g/1.5 L treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, volatile oils produced by stems, leaves, flowers and flowering shoots exhibited phytotoxic activity against A. retroflexus and P. annua. At 0.5 mg/mL, stem, leaf and flower oils significantly reduced seedling growth of the receiver plants, and 1.5 mg/mL oils nearly completely prohibited seed germination of both species. GC/MS analysis revealed that among the total 37 identified compounds in the oils, 19 of them were common, with eucalyptol (43.00%, 36.66%, 19.52%, and 38.68% in stem, leaf, flower and flowering shoot oils, respectively) and camphor (21.55%, 24.91%, 21.64%, and 23.35%, respectively) consistently being the dominant constituents in all oils. Eucalyptol, camphor and their mixture exhibited much weaker phytotoxicity compared with the volatile oils, implying that less abundant compounds in the volatile oil might contribute significantly to the oils’ activity. Our results suggested that S. kaschgaricum was capable of synthesizing and releasing allelopathic volatile compounds into the surroundings to affect neighboring plants’ growth, which might improve its competitiveness thus facilitate the establishment of dominance.

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Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Activity of Açai Fruit Makes It a Valuable Functional Food

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10010040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Anna Virginia Adriana Pirozzi ◽

Paola Imbimbo ◽

Antonella D’Agostino ◽

Virginia Tirino ◽

Rosario Finamore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Food ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Cell Models ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Hypoxic Conditions ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Different Types ◽

Vitro Model ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Several plant extracts are acquiring increasing value because of their antioxidant activity and hypolipidemic properties. Among them, great interest has been recently paid to açai fruit as a functional food. The aim of this study was to test the ability of açai extract in reducing oxidative stress and modulating lipid metabolism in vitro using different cell models and different types of stress. In fact, lipid peroxidation as evaluated in a HepG2 model was reduced five-fold when using 0.25 µg/mL of extract, and it was further reduced (20-fold) with the concentration increase up to 2.5 µg/mL. With the non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)in vitro model, all concentrations tested showed at least a two-fold reduced fat deposit. In addition, primary adipocytes challenged with TNF-α under hypoxic conditions to mimic the persistent subcutaneous fat, treated with açai extract showed an approximately 40% reduction of fat deposit. Overall, our results show that açai is able to counteract oxidative states in all the cell models analysed and to prevent the accumulation of lipid droplets. No toxic effects and high stability overtime were highlighted at the concentrations tested. Therefore, açai can be considered a suitable support in the prevention of different alterations of lipid and oxidative metabolism responsible for fat deposition and metabolic pathological conditions.

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