Saponins in management of Hepatic Disorders: a review

: Liver disease is one of the major factors responsible for increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Presently, limited therapeutic options are available to treat liver diseases. Moreover, allopathic medications are a double-edged sword due to their unfavorable side effects and exaggerated cost of therapy associated with the treatment. Transplantation of the liver is still in infancy state and is associated with staggering cost as well as non-accessibility of donors. Moreover, the cost of treatment is also a very significant hindrance in the treatment of liver disorders. Therefore, the focus is shifting to evaluate the potential of herbal drugs for the management of liver disorders. Although the course of treatment with the herbals is slow yet, the effects are more promising due to lesser side effects and reduced cost of therapy. Numerous plants have been reported to possess hepatoprotective activity due to the presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, etc. Among these phytoconstituents, saponins are considered more promising candidates in the management of hepatic disorders. The present review is focused on the plants containing saponins used in the management of hepatic disorders with their underlying mechanisms.

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Liver disorders

10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0043 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Chris Verslype ◽

David Cassiman ◽

Johan Verhaeghe

Keyword(s):

Portal Hypertension ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Liver Failure ◽

Liver Diseases ◽

Systematic Approach ◽

Liver Disorders ◽

Diagnostic Characteristics ◽

Mother And Child ◽

Prognostic Implications ◽

In Pregnancy

Liver disease can complicate 5% of pregnancies, putting mother and child at risk for increased morbidity and mortality. Cholestasis, portal hypertension, and liver failure represent three major clinical entities that should be recognized early because of the prognostic implications. Liver disease in pregnancy is generally separated into disorders that are unique to pregnancy and those that coincide with pregnancy. This chapter recommends a systematic approach that focuses on the major differential diagnostic characteristics of pregnancy-related liver diseases and a limited set of tests for pregnancy-unrelated liver diseases. Management of these conditions should be performed by a multidisciplinary team and ranges from simple medical therapies to immediate termination of the pregnancy.

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Phytochemical characterization and cytotoxicity analysis of ayurvedic formulation of drug

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2430 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 3164-3170

Author(s):

Cynthia C ◽

Horne Iona Averal

Keyword(s):

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Mtt Assay ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Herbal Drugs ◽

Endocrine Organ ◽

Liver Disorders ◽

Plant Drugs ◽

Vero Cell Lines

The liver is a major endocrine organ which controls the significant metabolic activity in the human body. Treatment of several liver disorders with herbal based plant drugs is popularising nowadays due to their hepatoprotective and nontoxic effect. Livoral, a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation is one such drug commonly recommended for liver disorders in India. The current work was aimed at studying the phytochemical characterisation and cytotoxic activity of livoral. Phytochemical analysis of extracts of livoral in methanol, hexane, acetone and petroleum ether was studied by TLC method. The cytotoxic activity of livoral was analysed by MTT assay in Vero cell lines at a concentration ranging from 10µg/ml to 500µg/ml. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Phyto compound such as tannins, phenols, steroids, alkaloids, terpenes and carbohydrates in all the four types of livoral extracts. Phytochemicals such as phenols, terpenes and alkaloids were already known for their hepatoprotective activity. MTT assay revealed the nontoxic effect of livoral up to 300 µg/ml concentrations. Thus, based on the results of the phytochemical and cytotoxic analysis, the livoral was proven to be one of the best herbal drugs for liver disorders with hepatoprotective constituents and non-cytotoxic effect.

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LncRNAs Act as a Link between Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21082883 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 2883

Author(s):

Young-Ah Kim ◽

Kwan-Kyu Park ◽

Sun-Jae Lee

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Chronic Liver Disease ◽

Hepatic Fibrosis ◽

Liver Diseases ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Chronic Liver ◽

Chronic Liver Diseases ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important contributors to the biological processes underlying the pathophysiology of various human diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the involvement of these molecules in chronic liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and viral hepatitis, has only recently been considered in scientific research. While extensive studies on the pathogenesis of the development of HCC from hepatic fibrosis have been conducted, their regulatory molecular mechanisms are still only partially understood. The underlying mechanisms related to lncRNAs leading to HCC from chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis have not yet been entirely elucidated. Therefore, elucidating the functional roles of lncRNAs in chronic liver disease and HCC can contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms, and may help in developing novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC, as well as in preventing the progression of chronic liver disease to HCC. Here, we comprehensively review and briefly summarize some lncRNAs that participate in both hepatic fibrosis and HCC.

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Animal models of chronic liver diseases

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00199.2012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 304 (5) ◽

pp. G449-G468 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

Yan Liu ◽

Christoph Meyer ◽

Chengfu Xu ◽

Honglei Weng ◽

Claus Hellerbrand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Animal Models ◽

Liver Diseases ◽

Human Liver ◽

Chronic Liver ◽

New Drugs ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Rodent Models ◽

Chronic Liver Diseases ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Chronic liver diseases are frequent and potentially life threatening for humans. The underlying etiologies are diverse, ranging from viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and intoxications (including alcohol abuse) to imbalanced diets. Although at early stages of disease the liver regenerates in the absence of the insult, advanced stages cannot be healed and may require organ transplantation. A better understanding of underlying mechanisms is mandatory for the design of new drugs to be used in clinic. Therefore, rodent models are being developed to mimic human liver disease. However, no model to date can completely recapitulate the “corresponding” human disorder. Limiting factors are the time frame required in humans to establish a certain liver disease and the fact that rodents possess a distinct immune system compared with humans and have different metabolic rates affecting liver homeostasis. These features account for the difficulties in developing adequate rodent models for studying disease progression and for testing new pharmaceuticals to be translated into the clinic. Nevertheless, traditional and new promising animal models that mimic certain attributes of chronic liver diseases are established and being used to deepen our understanding in the underlying mechanisms of distinct liver diseases. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of recent advances in animal models recapitulating different features and etiologies of human liver diseases.

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Liver Disease and Hemostasis (Review) Part 2. Cholestatic Liver Disease and Hemostasis

General Reanimatology ◽

10.15360/1813-9779-2019-6-80-93 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 80-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vasiliy I. Reshetnyak ◽

Igor V. Maev ◽

Tatiana M. Reshetnyak ◽

Sergei V. Zhuravel ◽

Vladimir M. Pisarev

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Critical Illness ◽

Liver Diseases ◽

Multiorgan Failure ◽

Phospholipid Composition ◽

Current Data ◽

Coagulation System ◽

Cholestatic Liver Disease ◽

Liver Disorders ◽

Hemostatic Disorders

The presence or development of liver disorders can significantly complicate the course of critical illness and terminal conditions. Systemic hemostatic disorders are common in Intensive Care Units patients with cholestatic liver diseases, so the study of the mechanisms of their development can contribute to the understanding of the development of multiorgan failure in critical illness.The review discusses current data on changes in hemostatic parameters in patients with cholestatic liver diseases, proposes a mechanism for the development of such disorders, which involve interactions of phospholipids with platelet and endotheliocyte membranes. It is suggested that a trend for thrombosis in patients with cholestatic liver disease is due to increased accumulation of bile acids in the systemic circulation. Available data demonstrate that the antiphospholipid syndrome may predispose to the formation of blood clots due to alterations of phospholipid composition of membranes of platelets and vascular endothelial cells by circulating antiphospholipid antibodies. Clarifying the mechanisms contributing to changes of the blood coagulation system parameters in liver disorders will aid to development of optimal correction of hemostatic disorders in patients with chronic liver diseases.

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The traditional medicine and phytoconstituents from natural products for liver disease: A review

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2387 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 484-488

Author(s):

Tabasum Ali ◽

Zahida Shah ◽

Rabiah Bashir ◽

G.N. Bader

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Liver Disorders ◽

Herbal Preparations ◽

Scientific Support ◽

Pharmacologically Active

To combat a variety of liver ailments medicinal plants may serve as a vital source because of presence of pharmacologically active phytoconstituents. It is very interesting to note that there is no drug available in the modem system of medicine for treating hepatic disorders; only certain herbal preparations are available to treat this quite vulnerable disease. A large number of plants with hepatoprotective activity are present but only handful of herbs have such scientific support. Herbal medicines have been used to alleviate liver disorders for many centuries and have currently become a favorable therapy for pathological liver disease. Keywords: Liver disease, Herb, Hepatoprotective activity

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IN VIVO HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF CASSIA AURICULATA POLYMER NANOSPHERES CONTAINING SILYMARIN

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i5.13177 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 282 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Avula Keerthi Sagar ◽

G. Devala Rao

Keyword(s):

Total Protein ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Site Specificity ◽

Herbal Drugs ◽

Liver Disorders ◽

Cassia Auriculata ◽

Unique Nature ◽

Polymer Nanospheres ◽

New Formulation

ABSTRACTObjective: Hepatoprotective activity of herbal drugs has an importance in the treatment of hepatic disorders, but pharmaceutically engineeredproducts are not evolved properly to cure the liver disorders properly based on the demand and also route, target the appropriate site of action.Methods: In our present work, we have been developed a new formulation that possesses a unique nature and site specificity for targeting the diseasestate. Here, we examined hepatoprotective activity of Cassia auriculata polymer nanospheres containing silymarin against carbon tetrachlorideinducedhepatotoxicityinratsusingat50mg/kgand100mg/kgbodyweightdoselevels,andwehavebeen observedthat enzymeactivitiesof serumglutamateoxaloacetatetransaminase,serum glutamatepyruvatetransaminase,alkalinephosphate,totalprotein,albumin, globulin,totalcholesterol,high-densitylipoprotein(HDL), glutathione(GSH), and totalbilirubin wereanalyzed.Results: C. auriculata polymer nanospheres and silymarin produced significant (p<0.001) hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the activity of serumenzymes, bilirubin, total cholesterol, and increased levels of HDL, total protein, albumin, globulin, and tissue GSH.Conclusion: From these results, it was concluded that of C. auriculata polymer nanospheres would protect the liver cells from carbon tetrachloridefrom liver diseases.Keywords: Hepatoprotective activity, Silymarin, Cassia auriculata, Nanospheres.

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Safety profile of pharmacotherapy in paitionts with non-alcogolic fatty liver disease

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2019-3-69-75 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 69-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. I. Peresada ◽

P. V. Seliverstov ◽

T. V. Vavilova ◽

V. A. Basharin ◽

V. G. Radchenko

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Side Effects ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Liver Diseases ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

Hepatic Extraction ◽

Chronic Liver Diseases ◽

Liver Clearance ◽

Instrumental Control

NAFLD is a leader among chronic liver diseases worldwide. Polymorbidity of such patients requires the appointment of different groups of drugs. The quality of pharmacological correction, which is determined in achieving the desired therapeutic effect and the absence of adverse reactions of the therapy, depends on the functional state of the liver. In diseases of the liver clearance of drugs is reduced, and the period of their half-life increases. Thus, drugs with high hepatic extraction may increase the risk of overdose. In this connection, prior to therapy, laboratory and instrumental control of liver function is necessary to reduce the risk of its drug damage, side effects of pharmacotherapy and prevention of complications.

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A LITERARY REVIEW ON KALMEGH AND BHUMYAMLAKI AS HEPATOPROTECTIVE MEDICINAL PLANTS

November 2020 - International Ayurvedic Medical Journal ◽

10.46607/iamj2009042021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 810-817

Author(s):

Nabaruna Bose ◽

Gupta O.P.

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Liver Diseases ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

The Body ◽

New Drugs ◽

Liver Disorders ◽

Synthetic Drugs ◽

Medicinal Properties

India is rich in flora of various kinds having several medicinal properties which are already known to us while some are yet to be discovered and used for the betterment of the human mankind. The practice of using indige- nous plants for the treatment of various health ailments has been an age-old practice. With the advancement in technology and lifestyle modification people are suffering from liver diseases and it is a worldwide problem now. Liver is a vital organ which plays a major role in the metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics from the body. The currently available synthetic drugs cause damage to the liver so it is imperative to find new drugs with least side effects. In Ayurveda, various medicinal plants are mentioned which are efficient in protecting liver from various harmful agents or toxins causing diseases. Kalmegha and Bhumyamlaki mentioned in various Ayurvedic texts has hepatoprotective activity. Ayurveda has a holistic approach. It believes in organic way of treatment by eliminating the toxins and balancing the Tridosha. The review has been done based on both Ayurvedic text and modern exper- imental studies. In this regard, their morphology, phytochemistry, Ayurvedic pharmacology, effects and trial stud- ies and dosages are focused on. The introduced medicinal plants can be used for production of new drugs via an- tioxidant related properties, hepatoprotective activities for the prevention and treatment of liver disorders. Keywords: Ayurveda, Kalmegha, Bhumyamlaki, Hepatoprotective.

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