Numerical Analysis of Ciliary Beat in Paramecium: Increasing Ciliary Spacing as a Low Energy Cost Method for Maneuvering

In this paper, we deal with the eavesdropping issue in Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments- (WAVE-) based vehicular networks. A proactive flexible interval intermittent jamming (FIJ) approach is proposed which predicts the time length T of the physical layer packet to be transmitted by the legitimate user and designs flexible jamming interval (JI) and jamming-free interval (JF) based on the predicted T . Our design prevents eavesdroppers from overhearing the information with low energy cost since the jamming signal is transmitted only within JI. Numerical analysis and simulation study validate the performance of our proactive FIJ, in terms of jamming energy cost and overhearing defense, by comparing with the existing intermittent jamming (IJ) and FIJ.

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Recycling lead from spent lead pastes using oxalate and sodium oxalate and preparation of novel lead oxide for lead-acid batteries

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra18627g ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (115) ◽

pp. 94895-94902 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Cheng Ma ◽

Yuehong Shu ◽

Hongyu Chen

Keyword(s):

Energy Cost ◽

Lead Oxide ◽

Low Energy ◽

Sodium Oxalate ◽

Lead Acid Batteries ◽

Smelting Method ◽

Lead Acid

A sustainable method, with minimal pollution and low energy cost in comparison with the conventional smelting method, is proposed for treating components of spent lead acid batteries with oxalate and sodium oxalate.

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Microwave Torch Plasmas for Decomposition of Gaseous Pollutants

Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies ◽

10.1515/jaots-2004-0106 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mariusz Jasiński ◽

Jerzy Mizeraczyk ◽

Zenon Zakrzewski

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Gas Flow ◽

Coaxial Line ◽

Low Energy ◽

Gaseous Pollutants ◽

Gas Flow Rate ◽

Torch Discharge ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Moderate Power

AbstractResults of the study of decomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs including Freons) in their mixtures with either synthetic air or nitrogen, and nitrogen oxides NOx in their mixtures with N2 or Ar in low (~ 100 W) and moderate-power (200-400 W) microwave torch plasmas at atmospheric pressure are presented. Three types of microwave torch discharge (MTD) generators, i.e. the low-power coaxial-line-based MID, the moderate-power waveguide-based coaxial-line MTD and the moderate-power waveguide-based MTD generators were used. The gas flow rate and microwave power (2.45 GHz) delivered to the discharge were in the range of 1÷3 l/min and 100÷ 400 W, respectively. Concentrations of the processed gaseous pollutants usually were from several up to several tens percent. The energy efficiency of decomposition of several gaseous pollutants reached 1000 g/kWh. It was found that the microwave torch plasmas fully decomposed the pollutants at relatively low energy cost. This suggests that the MTD plasma can be a useful tool for decomposition of highly-concentrated gaseous pollutants.

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A 1.17ns FO4(1V) Low Energy Cost 4-Bit Absolute-Value Detector

10.1109/eiecs53707.2021.9588022 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jingzhan Ge ◽

Jikai Yang ◽

Chen Zhao

Keyword(s):

Energy Cost ◽

Low Energy ◽

Absolute Value

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Value of module efficiency in real operating conditions for low energy cost PV systems

2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference ◽

10.1109/pvsc.2011.6186122 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoting Wang ◽

Allen Barnett

Keyword(s):

Energy Cost ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Low Energy ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Module Efficiency

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Functionalized boron nitride membranes with multipurpose and super-stable semi-permeability in solvents

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c8ta06161k ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (42) ◽

pp. 21104-21109 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Cheng Chen ◽

Dan Liu ◽

Jiemin Wang ◽

Lifeng Wang ◽

Jianhua Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Boron Nitride ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Low Energy ◽

Thermal Environments ◽

Mixture Separation ◽

Molecular Sieving

Multipurpose and super-stable molecular sieving membranes exhibit great potential for mixture separation at low energy cost within extreme chemical and thermal environments.

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Ab Initio Studies on Amides: Pyrrolidin-2-one (γ-Butyrolactam)

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch9851585 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 38 (11) ◽

pp. 1585 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

NV Riggs

Keyword(s):

Ab Initio ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Equilibrium Structure ◽

Ring Structure ◽

Low Energy ◽

Basis Set ◽

Reference Plane ◽

Envelope Conformation

By optimization with the 3-21G basis set, pyrrolidin-2-one is found clearly to prefer an envelope conformation with the flap bent 27.4° out of the NC(=O)C reference plane. The ring may be bent or twisted through a few degrees at low energy-cost, and undergoes rapid inversion through a planar-ring structure lying only 3.3 kJ mol-1 above the preferred equilibrium structure.

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Dyeing processes of 100% bio-based and degradable polylactide/poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) textiles

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517516663158 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 87 (17) ◽

pp. 2066-2075 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

ZH Zhang ◽

ZQ Xu ◽

XX Huang ◽

XM Tao

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Textile Industry ◽

Ph Value ◽

Bath Temperature ◽

Low Energy ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Bursting Strength ◽

Whole Process ◽

Dyeing Process

This paper reports an investigation of dyeing processes of textiles made from a novel 100% bio-based and fully degradable polylactide/poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PLA/PHBV) fiber. The dye exhaustion, depth of shade and fastness, as well as bursting strength of dyed PLA/PHBV fabrics have been evaluated in terms of types and concentration of dyestuff, dyeing bath temperature, duration, liquor ratio and pH value. Finally, the energy cost of the whole dyeing process of the proposed material is calculated and compared with that of polyethylene terephthalate. The experimental results show that an excellent dyeing effect and bursting strength can be achieved by properly applied dyes (e.g. C.I. Disperse Orange 30, Red 74, and Blue 79) under optimal low-dyeing-temperature conditions (100℃, 10 min, pH 5, LR 30:1). In addition, considering the low energy cost during the whole process, PLA/PHBV fibers can be regarded as a promising and environment-friendly material for the textile industry.

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