Whole Grains, Dietary Fibers and the Human Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review of Existing Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadith Tangestani ◽  
Hadi Emamat ◽  
Hamid Ghalandari ◽  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Population Demographic ◽  
The Impact

Background: The health benefits of dietary fibers have been proved for a long time. The importance of microbiota has been identified in human health and there is a growing interest to study the factors affecting it. Objective: This systematic review aimed to investigate the impact of fiber and whole grains (WGs) on human gut microbiota in a patent-based review. Methods: All related clinical trials were systematically searched on PubMed and Scopus search engines from inception up to Feb 2020. Interventional human studies reporting changes in microbiota by using any type of grains/fibers were included. The following information was extracted: date of the publication, location and design of the study, sample size, study population, demographic characteristics, the amount of dietary WGs/fiber, the duration of intervention, the types of grains or fibers, and changes in the composition of the microbiota. Results: Of 138 studies which were verified, 35 studies with an overall population of 1080 participants, met the inclusion criteria and entered the systematic review. The results of interventional trials included in this review suggest some beneficial effects of consuming different amounts and types of WGs and fibers on the composition of intestinal microbiota. Most included studies showed that the intake of WGs and fibers increases bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and reduces the pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and clostridia in the human gut. Conclusion: The consumption of WGs/fibers may modify the intestinal microbiota and promote the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Nevertheless, further research is warranted in different populations and pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Considerations for the design and conduct of human gut microbiota intervention studies relating to foods

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 3347-3368
Author(s):  
J. R. Swann ◽  
M. Rajilic-Stojanovic ◽  
A. Salonen ◽  
O. Sakwinska ◽  
C. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWith the growing appreciation for the influence of the intestinal microbiota on human health, there is increasing motivation to design and refine interventions to promote favorable shifts in the microbiota and their interactions with the host. Technological advances have improved our understanding and ability to measure this indigenous population and the impact of such interventions. However, the rapid growth and evolution of the field, as well as the diversity of methods used, parameters measured and populations studied, make it difficult to interpret the significance of the findings and translate their outcomes to the wider population. This can prevent comparisons across studies and hinder the drawing of appropriate conclusions. This review outlines considerations to facilitate the design, implementation and interpretation of human gut microbiota intervention studies relating to foods based upon our current understanding of the intestinal microbiota, its functionality and interactions with the human host. This includes parameters associated with study design, eligibility criteria, statistical considerations, characterization of products and the measurement of compliance. Methodologies and markers to assess compositional and functional changes in the microbiota, following interventions are discussed in addition to approaches to assess changes in microbiota–host interactions and host responses. Last, EU legislative aspects in relation to foods and health claims are presented. While it is appreciated that the field of gastrointestinal microbiology is rapidly evolving, such guidance will assist in the design and interpretation of human gut microbiota interventional studies relating to foods.

Microwave treatment enhances human gut microbiota fermentability of isolated insoluble dietary fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 110293
Author(s):  
Thaisa Moro Cantu-Jungles ◽  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
Ahmad E. Kazem ◽  
Marcello Iacomini ◽  
Bruce R. Hamaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

scholarly journals New View on Dietary Fiber Selection for Predictable Shifts in Gut Microbiota

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Cantu-Jungles ◽  
B. R. Hamaker
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fiber Selection

ABSTRACT Dietary fibers can be utilized to shape the human gut microbiota. However, the outcomes from most dietary fibers currently used as prebiotics are a result of competition between microbes with overlapping abilities to utilize these fibers. Thus, divergent fiber responses are observed across individuals harboring distinct microbial communities. Here, we propose that dietary fibers can be classified hierarchically according to their specificity toward gut microbes. Highly specific fibers harbor chemical and physical characteristics that allow them to be utilized by only a narrow group of bacteria within the gut, reducing competition for that substrate. The use of such fibers as prebiotics targeted to specific microbes would result in predictable shifts independent of the background microbial composition.

Enrichment or depletion? The impact of stool pretreatment on metaproteomic characterization of the human gut microbiota

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (20) ◽  
pp. 3474-3485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Tanca ◽  
Antonio Palomba ◽  
Salvatore Pisanu ◽  
Maria Filippa Addis ◽  
Sergio Uzzau
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the impact of chia seed mucilage on human gut microbiota by using the dynamic gastrointestinal model simgi®

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Tamargo ◽  
Carolina Cueva ◽  
Laura Laguna ◽  
M.Victoria Moreno-Arribas ◽  
Loreto A. Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chia Seed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Seed Mucilage

scholarly journals The Impact of a Dynamic Working Environment on Human Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Ling ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Qianlong Meng ◽  
Ziran Zhang ◽  
Wenkun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Train Drivers ◽  
The Impact

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with a variety of diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), metabolic diseases, allergic diseases, neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. The human gut microbiota can be influenced by a variety of factors, including geography, dietary habits, living environment, age and altered lifestyle etc. This study was conducted to explore the gut microbiota compositions in officials who are in a stable working environment and train drivers who are in a dynamic working environment. Microbiota communities in the feces of 80 officials and 88 train drivers were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and ITS1 region of fungi. There were significant differences between the two groups in diversity and richness of gut microbiota, while the microbial community compositions of the two groups were similar. The relationship between gut microbiota and clinical characteristics was investigated. We found that more bacteria and fungi were positively correlated with clinical characteristics. Functional prediction analysis of the gut microbiota between the two groups by PICRUSt2 revealed significant differences between the official group and the train driver group. Elucidating these differences of the microbiome between the two groups will provide a foundation understanding of the impact of a dynamic environment on gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Does geographical variation confound the relationship between host factors and the human gut microbiota: a population-based study in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e038163
Author(s):  
Shan Sun ◽  
Huijun Wang ◽  
Matthew CB Tsilimigras ◽  
Annie Green Howard ◽  
Wei Sha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThe human gut microbiota plays important roles in human health but is also known to be highly diverse between populations from different regions. Yet most studies inadequately account for this regional diversity in their analyses. This study examines the extent to which geographical variation can act as a confounding variable for studies that associate the microbiota with human phenotypic variation.DesignPopulation-based study.SettingChina.Participants2164 participants from 15 province-level divisions in China.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe analysed the impact of geographic location on associations between the human gut microbiota and 72 host factors representing a wide variety of environmental-level, household-level and individual-level factors.ResultsWhile the gut microbiota varied across a wide range of host factors including urbanisation, occupation and dietary variables, the geographic region (province/megacity) of the participants explained the largest proportion of the variance (17.9%). The estimated effect sizes for other host factors varied substantially by region with little evidence of a reproducible signal across different areas as measured by permutational multivariate analysis of variance and random forest models.ConclusionsOur results suggest that geographic variation is an essential factor that should be explicitly considered when generalising microbiota-based models to host phenotype across different populations.

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