Advances in Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI) – a wear resistant material

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmiprasad Maddi ◽  
Ajay Likhite
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Resistant Material ◽  
Fine Carbide ◽  
Matrix Graphite ◽  
Malleable Cast

Background: Ductile irons provide a more viable alternative for malleable cast iron in areas that do not demand extreme wear resistance. Austempering of ductile irons was a well researched area in the last two decades. Attempts to further improve the wear resistance led to the development of Carbidic austempered ductile iron (CADI), wherein the carbides contribute to wear resistance. Combination of ausferritic matrix, graphite nodules, and carbides (eutectic and alloy) symbolizes the microstructure of CADI. Methods: Two principal approaches adopted by the researchers to change the microstructure are (i) addition of carbide forming elements (ii) heat treatment (s). Results: Both the above methods result in the refinement of graphite nodules, carbide precipitations, along with fine ausferrite. Conclusion: Improvement in hardness, toughness and wear resistance was observed largely as a consequence of fine carbide precipitations and formation of martensite.

scholarly journals Machinability and related properties of austempered ductile iron: A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 4180-4190
Author(s):  
Ananda Hegde ◽  
Sathyashankara Sharma ◽  
Gowri Shankar M. C
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Sg Iron

When the ductile iron which is also known as Spheroidal Graphite (SG) iron, is subjected to austempering heat treatment, the material is known as austempered ductile iron (ADI). This material has good mechanical properties and has various applications in different fields. This revolutionary material with its excellent combination of strength, ductility, toughness and wear resistance has the potential to replace some of the commonly used conventional materials such as steel, aluminium and other light weight alloys as it offers production advantage as well. One of the problems encountered during manufacturing is machining of ADI parts owing to its high hardness and wear resistance. Many researchers over a period of time have reported the machinability aspects of the ADI. This paper presents a review on the developments made on the machinability aspects of ADI along with other mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Structure Homogeneity and Thermal Stability of Austempered Ductile Iron

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Górny ◽  
Ł. Gondek ◽  
E. Tyrała ◽  
G. Angella ◽  
M. Kawalec
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
State Transformation ◽  
Solid State Transformation ◽  
Homogeneous Microstructure ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractSolid-state transformation during heat treatment is of great practical importance because it significantly affects the final structure, properties, and thermal stability of cast components. The present study highlights the issue of structure formation and its effect on the thermal stability of high-quality cast iron, namely, austempered ductile iron (ADI). In this study, experiments were carried out for castings with a 25-mm-walled thickness and under variable heat treatment conditions, i.e., austenitization and austempering within ranges of 850 °C to 925 °C and 250 °C to 380 °C, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations were carried out within a range of − 260 °C to + 450 °C to study the structure parameters related to the XRD tests, which provided information related to the phase participation, lattice parameters, and stresses in the microstructure as well as with an expansion of the crystal lattice. The results also provide insight into the role of the structure and its homogeneity on the thermal stability of ADI cast iron. The present work also aims to develop strategies to suppress the formation of blocky-shaped austenite in the ADI structure to maintain a homogeneous microstructure and high thermal stability.

scholarly journals Austempered Ductile Iron Machining

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Jozef Pilc ◽  
Michal Šajgalík ◽  
Jozef Holubják ◽  
Marianna Piešová ◽  
Lucia Zaušková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Specific Material

Abstract This article deals with the machining of cast iron. In industrial practice, Austempered Ductile Iron began to be used relatively recently. ADI is ductile iron that has gone through austempering to get improved properties, among which we can include strength, wear resistance or noise damping. This specific material is defined also by other properties, such as high elasticity, ductility and endurance against tenigue, which are the properties, that considerably make the tooling characteristic worse.

scholarly journals Research and Analysis of the Effect of Heat Treatment on Damping Properties of Ductile Iron

Open Physics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 566-574
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Erjun Guo ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Yicheng Feng ◽  
Sicong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
High Stress ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
High Plasticity

Abstract With the continuous development of metal manufacturing technology, high-strength and high-hardness ductile iron materials have excellent comprehensive performance. Many performance indexes are comparable to those of alloy steels, and they have excellent casting properties. Many large-scale parts produced by cast steel are slowly being replaced by this material. Ductile iron is obtained by a spheroidizing treatment and inoculation to obtain spheroidal graphite. The mechanical properties of cast iron have been effectively improved, especially plasticity and toughness, and the strength obtained is higher than that of carbon steel. Ductile iron has the properties of iron and the properties of steel. It is a new type of engineering material with high plasticity, strength, corrosion resistance, and wear-resistance. Because of its excellent performance, it has been successfully used to cast parts with high-stress conditions, high strength, toughness and wear resistance. Due to the small splitting effect of ductile iron on the metal matrix, the stress concentration is effectively eliminated. Therefore, the matrix structure of ductile cast iron is changed by heat treatment, thereby improving its mechanical properties and the damping performance of the material itself. Through a heat treatment process experiment of ductile iron, the related process and technical measures of damping performance in the heat treatment production process are obtained.

Derivation and Application for Calculation of Carbon Content in Austenitizing of Cast Iron

2011 ◽  
Vol 704-705 ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Bang Gong ◽  
Li Luo ◽  
Guo Dong Chen ◽  
Gang Yu Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Silicon Content ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, a formula for the calculation of carbon content during austenitizing of cast iron was deduced, considering the effect of silicon content. According to this formula, carbon content of austenite at a certain austenization temperature for a cast iron with given composition can be easily calculated, and the austenization temperature for getting the expected carbon content in the austenite can also be determined. Besides, according to the relationship between austenization temperature Tx and the according carbon content Cax, and considering the effect of silicon content, the carbon content of the austenite in the commonly used cast iron during heat treatment was calculated. The formula can be as a theoretical basis for determined austenization temperature and carbon content in austenite during heat treatment of cast iron, in particular, can play an important role in heat treatment of austempered ductile iron. Keywords: cast iron heat treatment; diffusion of carbon; carbon content in austenite

scholarly journals AUSTEMPERING HEAT TREATMENT STUDY OF CAST DUCTILE IRON: ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES, ACCORDING TO THE A897M STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE IRON CASTINGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (29) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
A. R. M. SCHIFINO ◽  
F. R. SANTANNA ◽  
A. P. TRINDADE
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Metallic Matrix ◽  
Nodular Cast Iron ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Spring Support

The objective of this work was to develop heat treatment parameters of an austempered cast iron alloy ASTM 897 / A 897M - 1400/1100/1, aiming at the production of a truck spring support. The austempered nodular cast iron, known by the acronym ADI - Austempered Ductile Iron - is a class of nodular cast iron that, after austempered thermal treatment, increases significantly its mechanical properties and tenacity (Machado, 2007). Mechanical and metallographic tests demonstrated the great influence that the level of microshrinkage has on the elongation and mechanical resistance of the material. Generally, tensile tests demonstrate high elongation due to minimal presence of microshrinkage and segregations in the metallic matrix of the material, as well as to the presence of austenite with high carbon retained in the ADI matrix. Analyzes were performed to determine if the mechanical properties required by ASTM 897 / A897M were achieved. Within this standard, four degrees can be obtained. The degree of interest in this study was 1400/1100/1, which is the grade requested by the company, so that the truck spring support can be put into service. Tensile, Charpy and optical microscopy tests were carried out.

Study of the durability of the working body the dryer

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
A. P. Chernysh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
White Cast Iron ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Functional Surface ◽  
Wear Coatings

In this article, the plant for heat treatment of grain material, namely perfo-rated spiral operating part, developed by the authors was chosen as the object of improving the wear resistance. The research was conducted in the laboratory of the Technology of Metals and Machinery Repair Department of Kemerovo State Agricultural Institute. The aim of the research is to select the most appropriate method of hardening the functional surface of perforated spiral operating part with the use of low-cost anti-wear coatings. The basis for choosing the method of surfacing the coating was the use of a method of forming the technological repair units (TRU), which allowed electric spark treatment with unalloyed white cast iron.

scholarly journals The Selection of Heat Treatment Parameters to Obtain Austempered Ductile Iron with the Required Impact Strength

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 5865-5878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Wilk-Kołodziejczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Regulski ◽  
Tomasz Giętka ◽  
Grzegorz Gumienny ◽  
Krzysztof Jaśkowiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Austenitization of FerriticDuctile Iron

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Krzyńska ◽  
A. Kochański
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Austempered Ductile Iron ◽  
Isothermal Quenching ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Hardness Testing ◽  
Ferritic Matrix ◽  
Rate Of Dissolution ◽  
Nodular Graphite

Abstract Austenitization is the first step of heat treatment preceding the isothermal quenching of ductile iron in austempered ductile iron (ADI) manufacturing. Usually, the starting material for the ADI production is ductile iron with more convenient pearlitic matrix. In this paper we present the results of research concerning the austenitizing of ductile iron with ferritic matrix, where all carbon dissolved in austenite must come from graphite nodules. The scope of research includedcarrying out the process of austenitization at 900° Cusing a variable times ranging from 5 to 240minutes,and then observations of the microstructure of the samples after different austenitizing times. These were supplemented with micro-hardness testing. The research showed that the process of saturating austenite with carbon is limited by the rate of dissolution of carbon from nodular graphite precipitates

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