The Effect of Manufacturing Sector on Downward Rigidity of the Employment Rate in the Asian Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Chulwoo Baek
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Asian Countries

Effect of Recent Global Financial Crisis on South Asian Economy with Special Reference to India

2015 ◽  
pp. 355-378
Author(s):  
Chiranjib Neogi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Export Market ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Asian Economy ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness

Most of the Asian countries were affected adversely for the recent global financial crisis, especially those economies whose growths are largely depended on the external trade. It has been observed over time and again that Indian economy has not been significantly harmed by the waves of global financial and economic crises because of its large domestic market, which can accommodate any external shock. During the phase of shrinking world demand of domestic goods and services, efforts to raise productivity and competitiveness helps countries to protect export market. This chapter investigates the dependence on the external market and the effect of global financial crisis on the trade structure of some Asian countries. Some detail studies will be done for India in respect of compositional changes and productivity and efficiency changes of different industries within manufacturing sector during pre and post crisis period. Efficiency and productivity will be analyzed using frontier model.

Opportunities and Challenges of New Economy for the Regional Development in East Asia

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
East Asian ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Technological Barriers ◽  
Old Economy ◽  
It Revolution ◽  
Main Engine

We argue that East Asian countries should focus on applying existing technology to local needs, since doing so promises large tangible returns, especially in terms of improving the efficiency of the manufacturing sector, the main engine of the region's economies. Second, we point out that while the IT revolution may enable East Asian countries to leapfrog some technological barriers, it does not enable them to leapfrog sound economic policies. Such policies remain as relevant to good economic performance in the New Economy as they did in the Old Economy. Third, East Asian countries must fulfill certain pre-conditions to make sure that the New Economy takes hold. Above all, they must liberalize their telecommunication sectors so as to improve the quantity and quality of telecom services. A more balanced pattern of development is therefore desirable, and IT can make significant contributions toward this objective. In particular, by reducing the concentration of information and knowledge in the main city and disseminating those valuable resources to the rest of the country, IT reduces the inequality of opportunity that lies at the root of the inter-regional economic inequality.

Purpose and Meaning in Life and Job Satisfaction Among the Aged

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaywon Lee ◽  
Dongjoon Cho ◽  
Yu Jin Suh
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Job Satisfaction

This study investigates the relationship between purpose and meaning in life and job satisfaction among the aged. This issue is quite timely since there has been an increase in the employment rate of senior citizens in Asian countries due to the insufficient working-age population. We survey 228 seniors who are older than 55 years in South Korea. Our results suggest that purpose and meaning in life are highly associated with overall job satisfaction among the aged. We also find that vocation mediates the relationship between purpose and meaning in life and job satisfaction.

Structural Transformation in South Asia: Does the Pattern Ensure Growth Momentum?

2021 ◽  
pp. 139156142198985
Author(s):  
Raghbendra Jha ◽  
Sadia Afrin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Transformation ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Empirical Regularities ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Generalized Least Squares Estimation ◽  
Transformation Pattern

We model the evolution and determinants of shares of agriculture, manufacturing and services to gross domestic product for four South Asian countries (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan) for 41 years (1974–2018) to understand their structural transformation pattern. Determinants of shares were classified into three broad categories: ‘country fundamentals’, ‘policy’ and ‘decadal dummies’. This is the first article to investigate the empirical regularities of the structural transformation pattern and their determinants for this region. The generalized least squares estimation technique for panel data was applied. We find mixed evidence in support of structural transformation. With the increase in per capita income, the share of agriculture decreases and that of services increases, partially supporting the Kuznets hypothesis; however, the share of manufacturing sector shows a more tepid rise and even decreases in some model specifications. Thus, the Kuznets model of structural transformation is supported to some extent, but not strongly for these countries. JEL: C22, C23, F63, O11

scholarly journals Exports and Innovation in Malaysia: the role of Heterogeneity

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-54
Author(s):  
YuanFang Chen ◽  
Lim Thye Goh
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this paper was to empirically examine the impact of exports on the level of innovation in the manufacturing sector of Malaysia and to focus on the role of heterogeneity in exports by using detailed industry-level cross-sectional data on Malaysia’s manufacturing sector in 2014. Utilising the CDM model, as postulated by Crepon, Duguet & Mairesse (1998), this paper investigated whether exporting to more countries, exporting greater volumes, and exporting greater volumes to high-income countries induced industry to increase its level of innovation. Estimates from the CDM model showed, overall, a positive impact of exports on innovation, more specifically, heterogeneity in exports mattered to industries’ innovating in the manufacturing sector in Malaysia. Additionally, exporting to additional foreign destinations, exporting greater volumes of product, and exporting more products to low-income countries, especially to South Asian and Southeast Asian countries, had a significant influence on inducing industries to engage in innovation activities.

scholarly journals Manufacturing Production and Non-Agricultural Employment rate in South Africa: Time Series Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 779-786
Author(s):  
Paul-Francois Muzindutsi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Intensive Production ◽  
Capital Intensive

South African is faced with a high unemployment rate; however, the country’s manufacturing sector is one of the sectors that have been linked with job creation. Nevertheless, the growth in manufacturing production may not increase employment opportunities if this sector continues to shift to technology-intensive methods of production, which displace labour. This study uses a vector autoregressive (VAR) model to estimate the interaction between manufacturing production and the employment rate in South Africa from 1970 to 2013. Results revealed that both variables were stationary at the first difference and there was a long-term equilibrium relationship between the variables. In the short term, a significant positive relationship between manufacturing production and employment rate was observed. Granger causality test showed that there is a causal link from manufacturing production to the employment rate. A comparison between apartheid and post-apartheid periods showed the long-run relationship only existed in the post-apartheid period of a more open economy. Findings of this study revealed that a growth in the South African manufacturing sector is linked with employment opportunities in the short-run. However, these opportunities may be reduced by changes in technology which promote capital intensive production. As such, policy-makers should encourage policies that promote a mix of labour and capital intensive production in order to maintain these employment opportunities in the manufacturing sector.

Sex Differences in Mass Media Preferences Across Four Asian Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ratnasingam ◽  
Lee Ellis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Preferences

Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.

Exergoeconomic analysis of renewable multi-generation system

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Vontas Alfenny Nahan ◽  
Audrius Bagdanavicius ◽  
Andrew McMullan
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
Exergoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Cost

In this study a new multi-generation system which generates power (electricity), thermal energy (heating and cooling) and ash for agricultural needs has been developed and analysed. The system consists of a Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (BIGCC) and an absorption chiller system. The system generates about 3.4 MW electricity, 4.9 MW of heat, 88 kW of cooling and 90 kg/h of ash. The multi-generation system has been modelled using Cycle Tempo and EES. Energy, exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of this system had been conducted and exergy costs have been calculated. The exergoeconomic study shows that gasifier, combustor, and Heat Recovery Steam Generator are the main components where the total cost rates are the highest. Exergoeconomic variables such as relative cost difference (r) and exergoeconomic factor (f) have also been calculated. Exergoeconomic factor of evaporator, combustor and condenser are 1.3%, 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively, which is considered very low, indicates that the capital cost rates are much lower than the exergy destruction cost rates. It implies that the improvement of these components could be achieved by increasing the capital investment. The exergy cost of electricity produced in the gas turbine and steam turbine is 0.1050 £/kWh and 0.1627 £/kWh, respectively. The cost of ash is 0.0031 £/kg. In some Asian countries, such as Indonesia, ash could be used as fertilizer for agriculture. Heat exergy cost is 0.0619 £/kWh for gasifier and 0.3972 £/kWh for condenser in the BIGCC system. In the AC system, the exergy cost of the heat in the condenser and absorber is about 0.2956 £/kWh and 0.5636 £/kWh, respectively. The exergy cost of cooling in the AC system is 0.4706 £/kWh. This study shows that exergoeconomic analysis is powerful tool for assessing the costs of products.

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