Islamic Scientific Epistemology in Al-Jabiri Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zohdi
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cultural Formation ◽  
Renaissance Period ◽  
Islamic Countries ◽  
Scientific Epistemology ◽  
Islamic View ◽  
Scientific Fields

After Europe experienced renaissance period, it seems that Arab or Islamic countries till now have difficulty to achieve the glory like the era of prophet Muhammad (Rasulullah), Umayyah, Abbasid to the glory of Islam in the Spanish. As one of Islamic thinker (expert), Al-Jabiri arguing that the solutions offered by many experts were not appropriate with the nature concept. Furthermore, He then proposed a critical construction of Arabian epistemological knowledge by analyzing critically the process of Arabian cultural formation. He concluded that the Islamic reasoning had been "dead" because there are no more innovations given since the codification period (ashr at-tadwin) of various scientific fields (tabwib al-ilm) in the middle of 2ndcentury and 3rdcentury of hijri. Since the period, all Islamic epistemologist concept that was born at that time used as a theoretical framework (al-ithar al-marji'i) for the Islamic reasoning until now. Al-jabiri concluded the mainstream Islamic epistemology have existed in the era has three typologies, namely bayani, irfani and burhani. However, ironically the bayani epistemology much more about the Arabian reasoning, so that it created one civilization that is called fiqh civilization (hadlarahfiqh). However, irfani epistemology tends to bring Islamic view into irrational reason. While burhani epistemology is very lacked attention on Islamic view. This thing becomes stumbling to create modern Arab or Islamic era.

Beyond uniform reproduction: Exploring children’s imaginative play through the lenses of their teacher

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liv Torunn Grindheim
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Cultural Formation ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Imaginative Play ◽  
Children's Development

The voices of both early childhood education teachers and children tend to be weak in the choir of agents that constitute the aims and practices of early childhood education. In this article, a video that a teacher made of four children playing dragons, followed by open-ended interviews exploring why she found this particular activity of interest and then open-ended interviews with the involved children while watching and commenting on the video, forms the basic material for discussing how children’s imaginative play can inform what might be valuable activities in early childhood education. The theoretical framework and concepts for analysis draw on an understanding of cultural formation and a cultural-historical approach that outlines children’s development through participation in activities framed by contextual conditions. By tracing conflicts caused by differences in the involved children’s values and motives while meeting conditions and demands in their context, at the personal, institutional and societal levels, the exploration of friendship, danger, space, institutional rooms and what good play ‘is’ are depicted in children’s imaginative role play. From this, imaginative play is seen as being endowed with valuable activities in early childhood education and forms a contrast to the emphasis on future academic competences that are far removed from the children’s experiences.

scholarly journals The social topology of science in national and transnational contexts: the case of social sciences

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Ilona G. Nedelevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Topology ◽  
Scientific Fields

The article explores the possibilities of application P. Bourdieu’s social topology in the studying of inequality in science in national and transnational contexts. It is argued that in the conditions of globalising science, discussions about its egalitarianism, which began approximately in the middle of the last century, are moving beyond national borders. For the purposes of studying global inequality in science, scholars often apply the theoretical frameworks of world-systems analysis, neo-institutionalism, and the theory of global governance. However, these theories often lead to reductionism which ignores the symbolic dimension of scientific activity. The article suggests reassessing the heuristic potentiality of P. Bourdieu’s social topology, which mitigates the mentioned drawback of other theories. The article aims to demonstrate the relevance of this theoretical framework for the study of inequality in different scales of scientific activity due to the fact that the French sociologist focused mainly on national academic systems. The article defines the general provisions of P. Bourdieu’s topological concept of the field and the units of the social order of the scientific field. It also demonstrates the role of various forms of capital in determining the structure of social space. Based on the case of social sciences, the article explores the formation of scientific fields, their interaction with other fields, and their structure in different scales. The structure of the scientific field on the national scale can be defined as a dichotomy of dominant – dominated or centre – periphery. On the transnational scale, this dichotomy is also relevant but it is represented by national fields. Among them, the dominant position is occupied by the United States and Great Britain, which have the largest amount of symbolic power. The structure of the transnational scientific space, however, is more complex and includes overlapping fields of national, regional and more global dimensions. The article argued that applying the theoretical framework of the field to the study of the transnational scientific field will remain tied to the definition and explanation of the peculiarities and the interaction of national scientific fields as long as national states keep their institutional boundaries in scientific activity.

scholarly journals Psychological Torture: Definition, evaluation and measurement, By Pau Pérez-Sales

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Jaranson
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Istanbul Protocol ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Scientific Fields

Psychiatrist Pau Pérez-Sales has compiled a masterful and thorough analysis of an ambiguous but extremely important topic using a multidisciplinary approach. The book's objectives are to define torture, to build a theoretical framework for understanding and re-defining torture, to propose operational criteria for research, to propose working criteria for deciding whether a case constitutes torture and, finally, to propose adjustments in the Istanbul Protocol for documentation of torture.  The author has accomplished all of these objectives successfully in a book that is well-written and easy to read, even though he draws from the esoteric concepts and language of legal, political, and scientific fields.

Part 5 Emerging Constitutions in Islamic Countries, 5.1 Constitution-Making in Islamic Countries—A Theoretical Framework

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsah Ebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Islamic Countries ◽  
The Given ◽  
Institutional Order

This chapter analyzes the challenges of establishing legitimate governance in post-conflict societies. It highlights the fact that the establishment of a stable political community that is not inordinately dependent on repressive violence rests ultimately on the voluntary acceptance by the populace of the given institutional order as legitimate. Increasingly, legitimacy is becoming tied to norms of democratic participation. But the commitment to majoritarian decision-making that lies at the heart of democracy will in and of itself not necessarily yield a stable polity without a modicum of liberalism. This, in turn, depends on a functioning institutional structure and learned behavioral patterns of compromise and legality.

Antes del Arte in Spain (1968–1969): Merging Art, Science and Politics in the Heat of the Cold War

Leonardo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303
Author(s):  
Paula Barreiro López
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
Spanish Art ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Scientific Fields

This article concerns Antes del Arte, a vanguard Spanish art group that existed from 1968 to 1969. Through specific examples, the author explains the group's history and theoretical basis as well as its artistic production. Discussing the references taken from contemporary aesthetic scientific theories, the author analyzes the substantial theoretical framework that the art critic Vicente Aguilera Cerni introduced into the group's manifestos. Finally, she addresses the specific role that the interactions between the artistic and the scientific fields had in the context of Spain's Franco regime.

Mind wandering as data augmentation: How mental travel supports abstraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrthe Faber
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Mental Content ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Important Addition

Abstract Gilead et al. state that abstraction supports mental travel, and that mental travel critically relies on abstraction. I propose an important addition to this theoretical framework, namely that mental travel might also support abstraction. Specifically, I argue that spontaneous mental travel (mind wandering), much like data augmentation in machine learning, provides variability in mental content and context necessary for abstraction.

Adaptive and Maladaptive Neural Plasticity Due to Facial Nerve Palsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten M. Klingner ◽  
Stefan Brodoehl ◽  
Gerd F. Volk ◽  
Orlando Guntinas-Lichius ◽  
Otto W. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Nerve Lesion ◽  
Peripheral Facial Palsy

Abstract. This paper reviews adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms of cortical plasticity in patients suffering from peripheral facial palsy. As the peripheral facial nerve is a pure motor nerve, a facial nerve lesion is causing an exclusive deefferentation without deafferentation. We focus on the question of how the investigation of pure deefferentation adds to our current understanding of brain plasticity which derives from studies on learning and studies on brain lesions. The importance of efference and afference as drivers for cortical plasticity is discussed in addition to the crossmodal influence of different competitive sensory inputs. We make the attempt to integrate the experimental findings of the effects of pure deefferentation within the theoretical framework of cortical responses and predictive coding. We show that the available experimental data can be explained within this theoretical framework which also clarifies the necessity for maladaptive plasticity. Finally, we propose rehabilitation approaches for directing cortical reorganization in the appropriate direction and highlight some challenging questions that are yet unexplored in the field.

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