scholarly journals Legal aspects of gender identity in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Yu. Piddubnyi ◽  
Dariia O. Marits ◽  
Valentyna S. Yehorova ◽  
Tetiana O. Chepulchenko ◽  
Oleksandr N. Vladykin

The issue of gender identity in the modern world is becoming increasingly relevant. The place of a person's right to recognise their gender identity in the Ukrainian legal plane is uncertain. The study considers the specific features of regulating the human right to recognise gender identity and gender reassignment in Ukraine. The authors of the study consider personal non-property rights of an individual as a specific concept, and somatic rights – as a generic concept, the main meaning of which is the ability to dispose of one's body. Accordingly, a person's right to recognition of their gender identity is a personal non-property right. In Ukraine, legal regulation of gender change is carried out, but certain regulations come into force only in the event of a legal fact of gender change, although their provisions regulate the direct implementation of such a right. However, gender identity is the third most common cause of discrimination. It is necessary for Ukrainian legislation to update the regulatory framework that governs the procedure for changing gender. It is worth paying attention to the correct use of terminology in these relations.

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1160-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Loch Batista ◽  
Marlene Inácio ◽  
Ivo Jorge Prado Arnhold ◽  
Nathália Lisboa Gomes ◽  
José Antônio Diniz Faria ◽  
...  

AbstractContextIn 46,XY disorders of sexual development (DSD) patients, several factors may affect psychosexual development, leading to gender identity discrepancy and gender change later in life. Prenatal sexual steroid exposure and external genital virilization are considered to influence human psychosexual development, but their roles not completely understood yet.DesignA total of 144 individuals (18 to 60 years of age) with a clinical/molecular diagnosis of 46,XY DSD from a single tertiary center were enrolled. Psychosexual outcomes (gender role, gender identity, and sexual orientation) were assessed using questionnaires and psychological test. The Sinnecker score was used for genital virilization measurement. Prenatal androgen exposure was estimated according to 46,XY DSD etiology.ResultsWe found a positive association between prenatal androgen exposure and male psychosexual outcomes. Alternatively, prenatal estrogen exposure, age of gonadectomy, and the degree of external genital virilization did not influence any psychosexual outcome. There were 19% (n = 27) with gender change, which was associated with prenatal androgen exposure (P < 0.001) but not with the external genital virilization. The median age of gender change was 15 years, but most of the patients reported the desire for gender change earlier.ConclusionsPrenatal androgen exposure influenced psychosexual development in 46,XY DSD favoring male psychosexuality in all psychosexual outcomes, whereas the degree of external genital virilization did not influence these outcomes. The organizational effect of sexual steroids on psychosexuality at puberty appears to be weak in comparison with the prenatal effects. Prenatal androgen exposure also influenced female-to-male gender change frequency. All 46,XY DSD conditions with prenatal androgen exposure must be followed for gender issues in their management.


Author(s):  
C L Quinan ◽  
Verena Molitor ◽  
Marjolein Van den Brink ◽  
Tatiana Zimenkova

Introduction to ‘Bodies, identities, and gender regimes: Human rights and legal aspects of gender identity registration’


2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 3077-3084
Author(s):  
Alla K. Sokolova ◽  
Maryna K. Cherkashyna

The aim: Is to conduct a comparative legal analysis of the use of natural resources for health and recreation purposes in Ukraine, the European Union, and other countries to improve the scientific theoretical basis of the legal regulation for the use, protection, and conservation of such natural resources. Materials and methods: The national and international legal instruments regulating the rights to health and the right to use natural resources for health and recreational purposes were examined by analyzing practices of foreign states in the field of these legal relations, in particular, the comparative-legal, complex, formal, and logical, structural and functional methods along with analytical and empirical research tools. Conclusions: The legislation of Ukraine does not fully disclose the concepts, features, classification of natural healing and recreational resources, and therefore many aspects of their use, protection, and conservation remain uncertain and unsecured provisions of regulations. The article features approaches to improving the current ecological legislation promoting proper legal regulation of using natural resources for health and recreational purposes, thereby creating the necessary conditions to ensure the right to health care.


Author(s):  
Davina Cooper ◽  
Alexander Kondakov ◽  
Verena Molitor ◽  
C L Quinan ◽  
Anna Van der Vleuten ◽  
...  

<p>This roundtable took place at the European Conference on Politics and Gender (ECPG) in July 2019. </p><div><br clear="all" /><div><p> </p><p> </p></div></div>


Author(s):  
Kyle Kirkup ◽  
Lee Airton ◽  
Allison McMillan ◽  
Jacob DesRochers

AbstractBetween 2002 and 2017, Canadian lawmakers sought to redress the pervasive levels of discrimination, harassment, and violence experienced by transgender and/or non-binary people by adding the terms “gender identity” and/or “gender expression” to federal, provincial, and territorial human rights instruments. This paper tracks the complex, iterative ways in which antidiscrimination protections are brought to life outside courts and tribunals. Using Ontario’s publicly-funded English language secular school boards as a case study, we examine how the introduction of explicit human rights protections on the basis of “gender identity” and “gender expression” in 2012 worked to produce a series of responses across the education sector. Given that “gender identity” and “gender expression” remain legally undefined terms in the Ontario Human Rights Code, and only provisionally defined by Ontario Human Rights Commission (OHRC) policy, we argue that school boards constitute important actors engaged in constructing the meanings of these terms in policy and practice. In decentering courts and tribunals in our analysis, we aim to uncover the everyday practices of parallel norm-making taking place in the education context. These everyday practices shape how we collectively understand the meaning of “gender identity” and “gender expression.” By carefully tracking these post-legislative developments, which rarely make their way into reported decisions, we suggest that human rights law reforms might open up space for the emergence of norms that allow people to do gender in a variety of ways.


Author(s):  
С.А. Ермолаева

В статье описываются процессы глобального усложнения современного общества, изменения роли и взаимоотношений представителей разных полов в этом обществе, которые обусловливают актуальность проблемы предупреждения искажений процесса гендерной идентификации подростков и молодежи. Определяется сущность превентивной педагогики, значимость научного изучения процесса зарождения и развития гендерного подхода к исследованию проблемы предупреждения отклоняющегося от нормы, в том числе преступного, поведения несовершеннолетних в педагогических и других научных исследованиях с конца XIX до начала XXI века. Цель работы — рассмотреть сущность, основные тенденции и перспективы развития гендерного подхода вместе с анализом социологического, культурологического, антропологического и других методологических подходов к научным исследованиям по данной проблеме. В статье представлена сущность теории полоролевого воспитания, теории развития гендерной идентичности, теории социального конструирования гендера, гендерной схемы социализации и др. Выдвинута и подтверждена исследованием гипотеза о том, что для предупреждения искажений гендерной идентификации, которая порождает не только девиантное, но и преступное поведение подростков, педагогам важно искать и реализовывать новые подходы, использовать новое содержание и методы гендерного воспитания в условиях семьи и образовательных организаций. Представлены актуальные аспекты гендерного подхода, связанные с учетом педагогом индивидуальных, возрастных и половых особенностей детей в воспитании, оказанием профессиональной педагогической помощи в гендерной идентификации, связанной с позитивным самоопределением, творческим самовыражением и самореализацией личности. Данные положения выступают основными условиями предупреждения и решения проблем превентивной педагогики. Обоснована необходимость дальнейших научных работ по формированию гендерной компетентности педагогов и готовности их к решению проблем организации гендерного воспитания в современной школе. The article descries complex social changes related to the making of the modern world, such as the transformation of gender roles, for example. These social changes make it necessary to prevent distorted gender identities in teenagers and young adolescents. The article focuses on the essence of preventive education. It underlines the necessity of investigating the issue of distorted gender identity and deviant behaviours in adolescents. It analyzes scholarly research devoted to the investigation of the abovementioned issues in scholarly works of the late 19th – early 21st centuries. The aim of the article is to investigate the essence of gender theory, its major trends and prospects of its development in combination with sociological, cultorological, anthropological and other methodological approaches. The article focuses on the essence of sex education, gender identity, socially constructed gender roles, gender socialization patterns, etc. The author hypothesizes that in order to prevent distorted gender identity, which provokes deviant behaviour and criminal behaviour in adolescents, teachers should be constantly searching for and implementing new approaches, new methods and new content of gender education in family and classroom environments. The article maintains that in order to ensure students’ self-acceptance, self-actualization and creative self-expression, teachers should take into consideration individual characteristics, age, and gender characteristics of the their students, which is an inalienable prerequisite of preventing and solving problems of preventive education. The article substantiates the necessity of further investigation of teachers’ gender competence and their professional readiness to solve gender-related problems in modern schools.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
Anatolii Prytula ◽  
Vasyl Lutsyk ◽  
Aryna Sviatoshniuk ◽  
Olena Тkalia ◽  
Kateryna Kalachenkova

The emergence of digital technologies contributed to the emergence and rapid development of digital commerce, and at the same time, the number of electronic payments, the use of digital and virtual currencies increased. The article presents an analysis of the legal nature of such a financial instrument as cryptocurrency, characterizes the distinctive features, highlights the advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of the work is to consider the regulatory legal position of cryptocurrency in the modern world, to highlight the legal practice in cases of the circulation of cryptocurrency, to study the role of cryptocurrency in transnational offenses, to explore possible options for combating cybercrime, which is carried out using the use of cryptocurrency. The methodology of the work is represented by a set of methods and techniques, operations that are used to study the topic and achieve the set goal, namely: hermeneutic, historical, extrapolation, comparative-legal, comparison and generalization, analysis, synthesis, deduction. Results of the work: in today's reality there is no unified international legal regulation of cryptocurrency, which complicates the prevention and fight against transnational offenses, the means or subject of which are cryptocurrencies and mining.


Author(s):  
Baird Campbell

The situation of trans rights in Latin America varies greatly by country and region despite a binding 2017 opinion from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) clarifying member states’ obligations to guarantee trans rights. While countries in the Southern Cone and Northern Andes have recently made great strides in protecting and supporting their trans citizens, Central America, the Caribbean, and several countries in South America continue to offer little or no legal support for trans rights. Some countries, such as Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Uruguay, have passed Gender Identity Laws that provide trans people with the ability to rectify their documents to reflect their names and gender identities. The current state of trans-specific policy in the region is explored by first framing it through an overview of the relevant parts of the IACHR ruling and then presenting the case for the depathologization of trans identities, one of the movement’s most pressing goals. Crucial to this discussion is the next section, which presents the current rights and limitations in trans-specific healthcare in the region. A discussion of the importance of gender identity as a basic human right, recognized in the IACHR ruling, follows, continuing on to an analysis of the place of children, adolescents, and their parents in relation to this right. Relatedly, the next section explores the prevalence and force of anti-discrimination laws in the region, which vary greatly in their specific protection of trans people. Finally, we attempt to look forward to what may be next in the fight for trans rights in the region, exemplifying cases such as that of Uruguay, which has recently begun to debate trans-specific reparations, and Argentina, which has begun to debate dedicated employment slots for trans people.


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