Achieving Extremely Low Effluent Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorous Concentration at Very Low Solids Retention Times Using IFAS Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (12) ◽  
pp. 1977-1992
Author(s):  
Yanjun He ◽  
Sun-Nan Hong ◽  
David Foster ◽  
Tony Freed ◽  
Brad Blais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorous ◽  
Solids Retention ◽  
Phosphorous Concentration

scholarly journals One-step Oxidation of Total Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorous using Wet Chemical Oxidation

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 603-609
Author(s):  
Jeong-Hwan Choi ◽  
Dong-Hun Shin ◽  
Hye-Bin Kim ◽  
Jong-Gook Kim ◽  
Kitae Baek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Suitable Condition ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Total Phosphorous ◽  
Wet Chemical

Objective:This study proposed the simultaneous multi-oxidation of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous using modified wet chemical oxidation method.Methods:The multi oxidation process was based on the dual radical system with sulfate and hydroxyl radicals. The sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were activated at 40℃ and UV irradiation with 254 nm to generate the sulfate radical and hydroxyl radical. The organic matters were oxidized by the dual radicals, and TOC, TN, and TP values were compared with the control group.Results and Discussion:The dual radical system oxidized organic carbon to carbon dioxide effectively, and the TOC values were similar to the value obtained from the high-temperature combustion technique. However, the residual persulfate after oxidation process interfered the absorbance for TN and inhibit the complexation in TP measurement. The residual persulfate was effectively converted to sulfate by longer heating and UV irradiation, and the interferences were more sensitive to reaction temperature than UV irradiation time. As a result, a higher temperature condition was more effective and enhanced the applicability of multi-oxidation.Conclusions:The multi oxidation of TOC, TN, and TP was demonstrated by wet chemical oxidation, and the proposed method is expected to secure the sample and reduce the analytic time. However, the more suitable condition to enhance the accuracy of TOC, TN, and TP in the multi-oxidation system should be studied further.

Landscape controls on phosphorus loading to boreal lakes: implications for the potential impacts of forest harvesting

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1977-1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
K J Devito ◽  
I F Creed ◽  
R L Rothwell ◽  
E E Prepas
Keyword(s):  
Flow System ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Total Phosphorous ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Western Boreal Forest ◽  
Phosphorous Concentration

For 12 low-order lakes in the Western Boreal Forest of Canada, lake position in the groundwater flow system and surface hydrologic connection to wetlands accounted for 57% of the variation in the change in postharvest (1997) relative to preharvest (1996) open-water median total phosphorous concentration ([TP]). Changes in [TP] decreased with calcium and magnesium concentrations, indicating that the largest increases in [TP] are likely to occur in lakes located in areas of groundwater recharge or shallow local discharge. Changes in [TP] increased with the area of wetland connected to the lake, a measure of near-surface hydrologic flushing of TP to the lake. However, the remaining variation (43%) in the TP response of lakes to harvest was not explained by landscape-based criteria. This study illustrates that in landscapes with complex hydrogeology, factors controlling the chemical responses of lakes to disturbance are complex, remain poorly understood, and require further study.

The effect of SRT on nitrate formation during autotrophic nitrogen removal of anaerobically treated wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1751-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Heng Lee ◽  
Wonji Kwak ◽  
Jeaho Bae ◽  
Perry L. McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Solids Retention ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Reaction Equations ◽  
Percentage Conversion ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal

Autotrophic nitrogen removal, coupling nitritation (ammonium to nitrite) with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), offers a promising nitrogen-removal alternative, especially for post-treatment of anaerobically-treated wastewater. However, previous reports suggest that less than 90% total nitrogen removal should be expected with this process alone because over 10% of the ammonium removed will be converted to nitrate. This is caused because nitrite conversion to nitrate is required for reduction of carbon dioxide to cell carbon. However, recent research results suggest that more limited nitrate formation of only a few per cent sometimes occurs. It was hypothesized such lower nitrate yields may result from use of long solids retention times (SRT) where net biological yields are low, and providing that the ratio of oxygen added to influent ammonium concentrations is maintained at or below 0.75 mol/mol. Overall reaction equations were developed for each process and combined to evaluate the potential effect of SRT on process stoichiometry. The results support the use of a long SRT to reduce net cell yield, which in turn results in a small percentage conversion to nitrate during ammonium removal and high total nitrogen removals in the range of 90 to 94%.

scholarly journals Comparison of Adsorptive Removal of Total Nitrogen (T-N) and Total Phosphorous (T-P) in Aqueous Solution using Granular Activated Charcoal (GAC)

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1822-1836
Author(s):  
Keon Sang Ryoo ◽  
Jong-Ha Choi ◽  
Yong Pyo Hong
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Adsorption Equilibrium ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Total Phosphorous ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The present study is to explore the possibility of utilizing granular activated charcoal (GAC) for the removal of total phosphorous (T-P) and total nitrogen (T-N) in aqueous solution. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to determine the influences of various factors like initial concentration, contact time and temperature. The adsorption data showed that GAC has a similar adsorption capacity for both T-N and T-P. The adsorption degree of T-N and T-P on GAC was highly concentration dependent. It was found that the adsorption capacity of GAC is quite favorable at a low concentration. At concentrations of 1.0 mg L-1 of T-P and 2.0 mg L-1 of T-N, approximately 97 % of adsorption was achieved by GAC. The equilibrium data were fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model appeared to be the better-fitting model because it has higher R2 compared with the pseudo-first-order and intra-particle kinetic model. The theoretical adsorption equilibrium qe,cal from pseudo-second-order kinetic model were relatively similar to the experimental adsorption equilibrium qe,exp. To evaluate the effect of thermodynamic parameters at different temperatures, the change in free energy ΔG, the enthalpy ΔH and the entropy ΔS were estimated. Except for adsorption of T-P at 278 K, the ΔG values obtained were all negative at the investigated temperatures. It indicates that the present adsorption system occurs spontaneously. The adsorption process of T-N by GAC was exothermic in nature, whereas T-P showed endothermic behavior. In addition, the positive values of ΔS imply that there was the increase in the randomness of adsorption of T-N and T-P at GAC-solution interface.  

scholarly journals Relationship Between Hydrobiological And Hydrochemical Parameters Of Lakes Of Karelia As Influenced By Their Geoecological Characteristics

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
N.M. Kalinkina
Keyword(s):  
High Variability ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Hydrochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Phosphorous ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Phosphorous Concentration

On the data on 110 lakes of Karelia the role of natural and anthropogenic factors in the forming of hydrochemical and hydrobiological regimes is discussed. It is shown that the prognoses of hydrobiological parameters on the base of hydrochemical data using regression analyses is not possible due to high variability of data. For the purpose of reconstruction hydrobiological data the complex indexes were worked, then the classification of lakes of Karelia was done. Using the methods of multivariate statistics and the contingency tables the connections between chemical and hydrobiological parameters were investigated. The prognoses tables were calculated to reconstruct the zooplankton and zoobenthos biomass on the base of total phosphorous concentration. The precision of the prognoses varied within 55-86%.

Chemical sediment variables from the Faroe area: Organic content, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Zinc, and Copper / Evnafrøðiligar bleytbotnsdátur á føroyskum havøki: lívrunnið tilfar, nitrogen, fosfor, sink og kopar

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Jan Sørensen ◽  
Jákup K. Bærentsen ◽  
Jógvan F. Hansen ◽  
Ámundur Nolsø ◽  
Birna V. Trygvadóttir
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Marine Biological Laboratory ◽  
Total Phosphorous ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Chemical Sediment ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Sediment Data ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

<p><strong>Ú</strong><strong>r</strong><strong>t</strong><strong>ak</strong>: Havlívfrøðiliga royndarstøðin hevur síðan 1998 gjørt regluligar kanningar av botnsigi í føroyskum firðum. Kanningarnar fevndu um fylgjandi evnafrøðiligu brigdlar: nøgd av lívrunnum tilfari (gløðitap), sinki, kopari og heildarnøgd av køvievni og fosfori. Greinin viðger broytni av hesum og fevnir um 229 staksýni.</p><p>Í hesi grein eru eisini savnað úrslit, sum onnur hava almannakunngjørt um somu evnafrøðiligu broytlar.</p><p>Úrslitini eru bólkað eftir dýpi og eftir hvørjum slagi av botnsigi, ið tað snýr seg um. Eisini verður hugt eftir, hvussu virðini eru inni við land og borið verður saman við, hvussu tað er útiá.</p><p>Inni við land var nøgdin av lívrunnum tilfari, nitrogeni, fosfori, sinki og kopari í botnsiginum ávikavist: 0,5-13,0 %, 0,14-4,01 g/kg, 0,43-2,02 g/kg, 12-98 mg/kg og 14-120 mg/kg. Útiá var innihaldið av lívrunnum tilfari millum 1,3 og 5,6 %, meðan innihaldið av sinki og kopari vóru 13-47 mg/kg og 5-38 mg/kg.</p><p><strong>A</strong><strong>bstract</strong>: Since 1998 Kaldbak Marine Biological Laboratory (KMBL) has regularly performed seabed surveys in Faroese fjords. The analyses performed on the sediments included the chemical variables: Organic content (loss on ignition), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, zinc and copper. This paper deals with the variability of the variables in the Faroe area.</p><p>The results of 229 seabed samples are included. Inshore data are compared and related to depth intervals and according to sediment types. Sediment data from inshore waters are compared to sediment data from offshore localities.</p><p>Also included in this paper are eight reports that include data on the above mentioned chemical variables.</p><p>From inshore waters the concentration of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, zinc and copper in the sediments was, respectively: 0.5-13.0 %, 0.14-4.01 g/kg, 0.43-2.02 g/kg, 12-98 mg/kg and 14-120 mg/kg. Organic content from offshore localities showed values from 1.3 to 5.6 % while the content of zinc and copper were 13-47 mg/kg and 5-38 mg/kg, respectively.</p>

Study on Water Qualities Change along ECOSUNIDE Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 4783-4787
Author(s):  
Yan Qiu Zhang ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorous ◽  
Phosphorus Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Removal Efficiency ◽  
Sludge Concentration

By distributing influent to different action zones, a high sludge concentration and high sludge concentration gradient were carried out in ECOSUNIDE treatment system. Carbon source was respectively supplied to anaerobic and anoxic tanks, meeting the demand of PAOs for phosphorus release and denirifiers for denitrification. The operation mode of muliple A/O (anoxic/oxic) was employed to avoid the inhibition of nitrate on nitrification and phosphorus accumulation, improving the nutrient removal efficiency without internal reflux. In the paper, the experiments were performed on ECOSUNIDE to investigate the change law of water qualities in the whole system by monitoring MLSS and every index including CODCr, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorous, etc. From the results, the removal rates of CODCr, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorous were 87.28%, 96.99%, 77.97% and 79.92% reseparately and there was a consistency of the removal rule for every kind of pollutant in the system.

scholarly journals Structure and dynamics of the protoplankton community in an environmentally protected urban stream

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-859
Author(s):  
M. A. M. Lippert ◽  
F. M. Lansac-Tôha ◽  
B. R. Meira ◽  
L. F. M. Velho ◽  
F. A. Lansac-Toha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Bacterial Productivity ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Total Phosphorous ◽  
Protozoan Community

Abstract We aimed to investigate spatial and temporal scales, abundance, and factors that structure the communities of protozoans in a tropical urban stream. Methods: Samples of water for analysis of biological communities (testate amoebae, ciliates and bacteria) and limnological variables were taken in the Mandacaru stream located in the Conservation Unit of Parque do Cinquentenário, in the city of Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil, in two hydrological periods (dry and rainy). We calculated the Water Quality Index (WQI) composed by nine parameters of water quality (dissolved oxygen, thermotolerant coliforms, pH, BOD, water temperature, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, turbidity, and total solids), Trophic State Index (TSI) for phosphorous and we used a Redundancy Analysis (RDA) to verify the influence of environmental variables in the protozoan community. Results: The WQI showed that water quality was considered good in some points and considered bad in other points. The TSI for phosphorus classified the stream as mesotrophic in the majority of sampled sites points (mean between 53.09 and 58.35). We identified 19 taxa of testate amoebae, belonging to six families, being Difflugiidae, Centropyxidae, and Arcellidae those with more species and 71 infrageneric taxa of ciliates, distributed in 12 orders being Peniculida the most representative order, followed by Euplotida. According to RDA analysis, samples of the dry period were characterized by higher values of bacteria density and concentrations of chlorophyll-a, total phosphorous, and total nitrogen. Ciliates and testate amoebae presented higher abundance values in some of the months characterized by higher precipitation and in conditions of higher system productivity. Conclusion: we may conclude that the Mandacaru stream, although strongly influenced by anthropic action, still presents an acceptable water quality. Lastly, we emphasize that protists abundance was strongly influenced by system productivity. This was evidenced by elevated protozoan densities where there was higher primary and bacterial productivity. Thus, these organisms must be considered in studies that aim at the identification of organisms that may indicate anthropic impacts and environmental quality.

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