UV Inactivation of Indigenous Male Specific and Somatic Coliphages, and Treatment Implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (11) ◽  
pp. 3541-3546
Author(s):  
Thomas Worley-Morse ◽  
Melanie Mann ◽  
Raul Gonzalez ◽  
Linda Gowman ◽  
Mike Sasges
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Coliphages ◽  
Male Specific

scholarly journals An assessment of water quality and microbial risk in Rio Grande basin in the United States–Mexican border region

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hodon Ryu ◽  
Absar Alum ◽  
Morteza Abbaszadegan ◽  
Maria Alvarez ◽  
Jose Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The United States ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Somatic Coliphages ◽  
Male Specific

Increased reliance of urban populations on Rio Grande water has necessitated an expanded microbial surveillance of the river to help identify and evaluate sources of human pathogens, which could pose a public health risk. The objectives of this study were to investigate microbial and chemical water quality in Rio Grande water and to perform risk assessment analyses for Cryptosporidium. No oocysts in any of the ten-litre samples were detected. However, the limit of detection in the water samples ranged between 20 and 200 oocysts/100 L. The limits of detection obtained in this study would result in one to two orders of magnitude higher risk of infection for Cryptosporidium than the U.S.EPA annual acceptable risk level of 10−4. The bacterial data showed the significance of animal farming and raw sewage as sources of fecal pollution. Male specific and somatic coliphages were detected in 52% (11/21) and 62% (24/39) of the samples, respectively. Somatic coliphages were greater by one order of magnitude, and were better correlated with total (r2=0.6801; p≤0.05) and fecal coliform bacteria (r2=0.7366; p≤0.05) than male specific coliphages. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) values ranged 2.58–5.59 mg/L and 1.23–2.29 m−1 (mg/l)−1, respectively. Low SUVA values of raw water condition make it difficult to remove DOC during physical and chemical treatment processes. The microbial and chemical data provided from this study can help drinking water utilities to maintain balance between greater microbial inactivation and reduced disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation.

Microbial indicator removal in onsite constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the southeastern U.S.

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C. Barrett ◽  
M.D. Sobsey ◽  
C.H. House ◽  
K.D. White
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Somatic Coliphages ◽  
Wastewater Indicator ◽  
Male Specific

Seven onsite constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the coastal plains of Alabama and North Carolina were studied from September 1997 to July 1998. Each site was examined for its ability to remove a range of fecal contamination indicators from settled wastewater. Indicator organisms include total and fecal coliforms, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, and somatic and male-specific (F+) coliphages. Four identical domestic wastewater treatment sites in Alabama were evaluated. In these sites the Log10 geometric mean reductions ranged between 0.5 and 2.6 for total and fecal coliforms, 0.1 and 1.5 for enterococci, 1.2 to 2.7 for C. perfringens, -0.3 and 1.2 for somatic coliphages, and -0.2 and 2.2 for F+ coliphages. Three unique designs were examined in North Carolina. Log10 geometric mean reductions ranged between 0.8 to 4.2 for total and fecal coliforms, 0.3 to 2.9 for enterococci, 1.6 to 2.9 for C. perfringens, -0.2 and 2.8 for somatic coliphages, and -0.1 and 1.5 for F+ coliphages. Somatic and F+ coliphage detection was highly variable from month to month.

scholarly journals Occurrence of male-specific and somatic coliphages and relationship with rainfall in privately-owned wells from peri-urban and rural households

2021 ◽  
pp. 100102
Author(s):  
Megan A. Stallard ◽  
Riley Mulhern ◽  
Emily Greenwood ◽  
Taylor Franklin ◽  
Lawrence S. Engel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Households ◽  
Somatic Coliphages ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Privately Owned

The Occurrence of Male-Specific and Somatic Bacteriophages in Polluted South African Waters

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kfir ◽  
P. Coubrough ◽  
W. O. K. Grabow
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Male Specific

The occurrence of somatic (F') and male-specific (F') coliphages and Salmonella phages in a variety of environmental water samples was studied using different bacterial hosts. The number of plaque-forming units (pfu) of the different bacteriophages were compared and their resistance pattern to a biological treatment (humus tank) and chlorination was evaluated. The presence of the bacteriophages in shellfish was also studied. The morphology of isolate bacteriophages was examined as well as the visibility of the different plaques formed. Coliphages were found to produce larger and clearer plaques than all other bacteriophages studied. In most of the environmental water samples coliphages outnumbered all other bacteriophages, with the exception of dam water in which higher levels of F' Salmonella phages were detected. The majority of the F' Salmonella phages were shown to be RNA bacteriophages.

scholarly journals Leukocytes with chromosome Y loss have reduced abundance of the cell surface immunoprotein CD99

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Mattisson ◽  
Marcus Danielsson ◽  
Maria Hammond ◽  
Hanna Davies ◽  
Caroline J. Gallant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Chromosome Y ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Pseudoautosomal Regions ◽  
Male Specific

AbstractMosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in immune cells is a male-specific mutation associated with increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The CD99 gene, positioned in the pseudoautosomal regions of chromosomes X and Y, encodes a cell surface protein essential for several key properties of leukocytes and immune system functions. Here we used CITE-seq for simultaneous quantification of CD99 derived mRNA and cell surface CD99 protein abundance in relation to LOY in single cells. The abundance of CD99 molecules was lower on the surfaces of LOY cells compared with cells without this aneuploidy in all six types of leukocytes studied, while the abundance of CD proteins encoded by genes located on autosomal chromosomes were independent from LOY. These results connect LOY in single cells with immune related cellular properties at the protein level, providing mechanistic insight regarding disease vulnerability in men affected with mosaic chromosome Y loss in blood leukocytes.

scholarly journals Probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujatha Thankeswaran Parvathy ◽  
Amala Joseph Prabakaran ◽  
Thadakamalla Jayakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Pistil Abortion ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Sex Reversion ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
First Time

AbstractCastor (Ricinus communis L) is an ideal model species for sex mechanism studies in monoecious angiosperms, due to wide variations in sex expression. Sex reversion to monoecy in pistillate lines, along with labile sex expression, negatively influences hybrid seed purity. The study focuses on understanding the mechanisms of unisexual flower development, sex reversions and sex variations in castor, using various genotypes with distinct sex expression pattern. Male and female flowers had 8 and 12 developmental stages respectively, were morphologically similar till stage 4, with an intermediate bisexual state and were intermediate between type 1 and type 2 flowers. Pistil abortion was earlier than stamen inhibition. Sex alterations occurred at floral and inflorescence level. While sex-reversion was unidirectional towards maleness via bisexual stage, at high day temperatures (Tmax > 38 °C), femaleness was restored with subsequent drop in temperatures. Temperature existing for 2–3 weeks during floral meristem development, influences sexuality of the flower. We report for first time that unisexuality is preceded by bisexuality in castor flowers which alters with genotype and temperature, and sex reversions as well as high sexual polymorphisms in castor are due to alterations in floral developmental pathways. Differentially expressed (male-abundant or male-specific) genes Short chain dehydrogenase reductase 2a (SDR) and WUSCHEL are possibly involved in sex determination of castor.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document