A Critical Review of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Ayurveda

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidyadhar Balikai ◽  
S. G. Chavan ◽  
Prashanth A. S.
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insidious Onset ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Chronic Course

Subclinical Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome which result from the deficiency of Thyroid hormones. Usually, it runs a chronic course with slow and insidious onset. Sometimes it is only accidentally diagnosed. Thyroid gland abnormality where, on one hand influences body metabolism up to a great extent, on the other hand, it is found more in females with ratio of male to female being 1:6, if left untreated it can lead to severe complication. In Ayurveda there is no direct comparison regarding symptoms of Subclinical Hypothyroidism but on the basis of clinical presentation it can be correlated with different entities as syndrome, so it is difficult to give a single Ayurvedic term for it, as there are many systems which are involved in the pathogenesis of Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Hence the symptoms of Pre-clinical and post clinical findings are compared with Rasapradoshaja Vikaras.

Causes and laboratory investigations of thyrotoxicosis

2011 ◽  
pp. 466-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Latrofa ◽  
Paolo Vitti ◽  
Aldo Pinchera
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Destructive Processes

The term thyrotoxicosis identifies the clinical syndrome caused by elevated circulating thyroid hormones of all sources, while the term hyperthyroidism includes only the disorders due to an increased secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland. Hyperthyroidism is the most frequent cause of thyrotoxicosis. Destructive processes involving the thyroid gland that induce unregulated discharge of preformed thyroid hormones (destructive thyrotoxicosis) and circulating thyroid hormone of extrathyroidal origin (exogenous or extrathyroidal thyrotoxicosis) are less common causes of thyrotoxicosis. Although careful history taking and physical examination often allows a diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis to be made, laboratory confirmation by measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormone is always needed. Once thyrotoxicosis is confirmed, laboratory testing and thyroid imaging are required to identify the cause of thyrotoxicosis.

scholarly journals Research article Hypothyroidism-Through Ayurvedic Vision

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhi Raul
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Systemic Manifestation ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Scenario

Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome resulting from insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which is common endocrinal disorder seen all over the world. It is more prevalent among females. Hypothyroidism is one of the burning issues in current scenario and is affecting the life of many people on various levels. Since this condition is associated with many complications, on many systems, ranging from generalized tiredness to infertility, thereby compromising quality of life, it has become a need to study this disease critically. This review is made with an effort to understand the disease in ayurvedic perspective. On reviewing the clinical presentation from all classical texts, it is found that in hypothyroidism there is abnormality of jatharagni and dhatwagni along with abnormality of kapha and vata dosha as well as Rasavaha, Raktavaha, medovaha, sukravaha and manovaha srotases. Dosh-dushyasamoorchhana in various Dhatus results in systemic manifestation of the disease.

Jugular Bulb Diverticula: Clinical and Radiologic Aspects

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cem Bilgen ◽  
Tayfun Kirazli ◽  
Fatih Ogut ◽  
Secil Totan
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Jugular Bulb ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reference Line ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Axial Ct

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine the clinical presentation of jugular diverticulum and its relevance with the extension of the lesion. STUDY DESIGN: The records and high-resolution CT scans of 1474 patients, with otologic symptoms or related clinical findings, were evaluated retrospectively. In 17 cases in which CT scans revealed the presence of jugular diverticulum, sensorineural symptoms were evaluated with respect to a reference line, perpendicular to the basal turn of the cochlea and tangent to the vestibule in axial CT scan images. RESULTS: When the extension of jugular diverticulum was posterior to the reference line, sensorineural symptoms with vertigo were dominant in most patients (72.7%) in this group. On the other hand, for the patients with anterior-extending jugular diverticulum, sensorineural symptoms without vertigo were detected in 50% of patients, whereas 33.3% had sensorineural symptoms with vertigo. CONCLUSION: This study revealed a relationship between the extension of jugular diverticulum and clinical symptoms. However, this relationship lacks statistical evidence because of the limited number of patients.

Clinical assessment and systemic manifestations of thyrotoxicosis

2011 ◽  
pp. 441-452
Author(s):  
Claudio Marcocci ◽  
Filomena Cetani ◽  
Aldo Pinchera
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Excessive Secretion ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

The term thyrotoxicosis refers to the clinical syndrome that results when the serum concentrations of free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, or both, are high. The term hyperthyroidism is used to mean sustained increases in thyroid hormone biosynthesis and secretion by the thyroid gland; Graves’ disease is the most common example of this. Occasionally, thyrotoxicosis may be due to other causes such as destructive thyroiditis, excessive ingestion of thyroid hormones, or excessive secretion of thyroid hormones from ectopic sites; in these cases there is no overproduction of hormone by thyrocytes and, strictly speaking, no hyperthyroidism. The various causes of thyrotoxicosis are listed in Chapter 3.3.5. The clinical features depend on the severity and the duration of the disease, the age of the patient, the presence or absence of extrathyroidal manifestations, and the specific disorder producing the thyrotoxicosis. Older patients have fewer symptoms and signs of sympathetic activation, such as tremor, hyperactivity, and anxiety, and more symptoms and signs of cardiovascular dysfunction, such as atrial fibrillation and dyspnoea. Rarely a patient with ‘apathetic’ hyperthyroidism will lack almost all of the usual clinical manifestations of thyrotoxicosis (1). Almost all organ systems in the body are affected by thyroid hormone excess, and the high levels of circulating thyroid hormones are responsible for most of the systemic effects observed in these patients (Table 3.3.1.1). However, some of the signs and symptoms prominent in Graves’ disease reflect extrathyroidal immunological processes rather than the excessive levels of thyroid hormones produced by the thyroid gland (Table 3.3.1.2).

scholarly journals Different Clinical Presentation of Appendicolithiasis. The Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. CPath.S6757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulent Kaya ◽  
Cengiz Eris
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Perforated Appendicitis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Complicated Appendicitis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Abdominal Computed Tomography

An appendicolith is composed of firm feces and some mineral deposits. After increased use of abdominal computed tomography, appendicoliths are more frequently detected. Most of the patients with appendicolith are asymptomatic. However, an appendicolith may be associated with complicated appendicitis with serious outcomes. We reported three patients who exhibited different clinical symptoms due to appendicolithiasis. While one of the patients was confused with urolithiasis, the other two patients presented with phlegmenous and perforated appendicitis. We submit that appendicoliths may present different clinical findings and can mimic several pathologies including urinary disorders.

Regulation and Mode of Action of Thyroid Hormones

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-166
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. REILLY
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Iodine Metabolism

This colloquium is mainly of interest to investigators, but does have some points of interest to medical practitioners. It considers the dynamic actions of iodine metabolism and the alteration of thyroid function as influenced by the other endocrine glands and the influence of the hypothalamus on the pituitary control of the thyroid. Briefly the purpose of the discussion was to consider questions running from the regulation of the thyroid gland to the mode of action of its hormone.

scholarly journals Iodoral-Induced Iatrogenic Hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A939-A939
Author(s):  
Leigh Kwak ◽  
Ugis Gruntmanis ◽  
Alicia De Castro ◽  
Natasa Radovanovic ◽  
Hima Reddy Ammana
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Excess Iodine ◽  
Subclinical Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treasure Island

Abstract Background: Iodine is essential for the formation of thyroid hormones. Therefore, the thyroid gland is generally able to maintain normal hormone synthesis despite changes in iodine availability. When there is an increase in iodide load, the thyroid gland is able to inhibit the formation of organic iodide via the Wolff-Chaikoff effect (WCE). This prevents the formation of large quantities of thyroid hormones, thus preventing hyperthyroidism1. Continued exposure to excess iodine is also overcome by the “escape” phenomenon and hormone synthesis resumes in a normal fashion2. However, some patients may lack this autoregulation and develop hypothyroidism. Clinical Case: An 86-year-old male with a history of subclinical hypothyroidism initially presented to his PCP for evaluation of cognitive decline. Workup revealed a TSH of 10 mcIU/mL (0.34 – 5.6 mcIU/mL), a normal FT4 and a negative TPOAb. It was subsequently revealed that the patient was started on Iodoral 12.5 mg daily, an iodine/potassium iodide supplement, 1 month prior to presentation by a naturopathic doctor. Prior to all this, his TSH had always ranged between 4 – 6 mcIU/mL for many years. It was recommended that he discontinue Iodoral and repeat thyroid labs in the future. Despite this, the patient continued on varying doses of Iodoral supplementation. Repeat labs obtained 8 months later revealed an elevated TSH of 99 mcIU/mL and a low FT4 of 0.43 ng/mL (0.6 – 2.6 ng/mL). Despite these numbers, he was asymptomatic and did not exhibit any overt signs of hypothyroidism. He was referred to Endocrinology and finally stopped taking Iodoral.7 weeks post-discontinuation, his repeat labs showed a resolution of hypothyroidism and return to his baseline subclinical disease with a TSH of 8.2 mcIU/mL and a normal FT4. A urine iodine/creatinine was normal at 244.2 ug/g (35 – 540 ug/g) indicating that there was no residual iodine excess from the Iodoral. Conclusion: As far as we are aware, we present the first reported case of Iodoral-induced iatrogenic hypothyroidism. As with past cases of iodine-induced hypothyroidism, our patient had underlying thyroid disease in subclinical hypothyroidism which could explain why he was unable to escape from the WCE. The half-life of Iodoral is unknown but it is generally understood that the effects of iodide are reversed between 2 to 4 weeks after withdrawal. Our patient did not repeat his thyroid function tests until 7 weeks post-discontinuation but did demonstrate a return to baseline with no other intervention. Reference: 1. Markou K, Georgopoulos N, Kyriazopoulou V, Vagenakis AG. Iodine-Induced hypothyroidism. Thyroid. 2001 May;11(5):501-10. doi: 10.1089/105072501300176462. PMID: 11396709.2. Torti JF, Correa R. Potassium Iodide. 2020 Oct 12. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan–. PMID: 31194460.

scholarly journals Frequency and Spectrum of Chromosomal Aberrations, Acrocentric Chromosome Associations Among Long Livers with Arterial Hypertension and Osteoarthritis Residing in the Carpathian Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
U P Shalamay
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Group I ◽  
Latent Iron Deficiency

To maintain thyroid homeostasis, a key role is played not only by the adequate provision of a body with iodine, but also with other essential micronutrients, iron in particular. Iron is involved in the conversion of the amino acid L-phenylalanine into L-tyrosine, which is the part of active center of thyroid peroxidase which catalyzes the reactions of oxidation and organification of iodine during the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. At the same time, insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones leads to mucinous edema of the gastric mucosa and closure of its ductless glands and reduction in both gastric juice secretion and iron absorption. The objective of the research was to determine the influence of latent iron deficiency onto the thyroid status of schoolchildren. Materials and methods. The study involved 68 boys and 65 girls at the age 6-11 years (Group I) and 12-18 years (Group II). To assess iron metabolism, the levels of hemoglobin in capillary blood, serum iron and ferritin, serum iron binding capacity were determined. To clarify the thyroid status in blood serum samples, there were determined the content of free triiodothyronine and thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone of adenohypophysis, urinary iodine concentration; the dimension of the thyroid gland was determined and evaluated considering gender as well as body surface area according to the standards of thyroid volume (97 percentile). Results. It was established that latent iron deficiency can cause thyroid homeostasis disorders, as indicated by the growth of TSH in blood serum of girls by 37.5% (p<0.01) as compared to the control data. The probability of the formation of thyroid dysfunction significantly increases in case of combined iodine and iron deficiency. The development of subclinical hypothyroidism was established in 90.0% of boys and 89.0% of girls at the age of 6-11 years and 100.0% of boys and 75.0% of girls at the age of 12-18 years with mild iodine deficiency and latent iron deficiency. In schoolchildren with microelementosis, an increase in the thyroid gland was revealed in 66.6% of boys and 75.0% of girls of Group I and in half of boys and girls of Group II.Conclusions. Iron deficiency can cause changes in thyroid homeostasis even at the stage of preclinical disorders. Latent iron deficiency potentiates the development of subclinical hypothyroidism in case of mild iodine deficiency.

Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Jaundice: Comparison of Knowledge-based and Probabilistic Approaches

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Molino ◽  
D. Furia ◽  
F. Bar ◽  
S. Battista ◽  
N. Cappello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Clinical Documentation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Aided Diagnosis

AbstractThe study reported in this paper is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a knowledge-based expert system (ICTERUS) in diagnosing jaundiced patients, compared with a statistical system based on probabilistic concepts (TRIAL). The performances of both systems have been evaluated using the same set of data in the same number of patients. Both systems are spin-off products of the European project Euricterus, an EC-COMACBME Project designed to document the occurrence and diagnostic value of clinical findings in the clinical presentation of jaundice in Europe, and have been developed as decision-making tools for the identification of the cause of jaundice based only on clinical information and routine investigations. Two groups of jaundiced patients were studied, including 500 (retrospective sample) and 100 (prospective sample) subjects, respectively. All patients were independently submitted to both decision-support tools. The input of both systems was the data set agreed within the Euricterus Project. The performances of both systems were evaluated with respect to the reference diagnoses provided by experts on the basis of the full clinical documentation. Results indicate that both systems are clinically reliable, although the diagnostic prediction provided by the knowledge-based approach is slightly better.

THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: THE STATE OF THE PROBLEM AND THE WAYS OF SOLVING

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Volkova ◽  
O. D. Dygun ◽  
B. G. Lukichev ◽  
S. V. Dora ◽  
O. V. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Type I ◽  
Low T3 ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Disturbance of the thyroid function is often detected in patients with different profiles. A special feature of patients with chronic kidney  disease is the higher incidence of various thyroid function  disturbances, especially hypothyroidism. It is known that in patients  with chronic kidney disease (CKD) iodine excretion from the body is  violated, since normally 90% of iodine is excreted in urine.  Accumulation of high concentrations of inorganic iodine leads to the  formation of the Wolf-Chaikoff effect: suppression of iodine  organization in the thyroid gland and disruption of the thyroid  hormones synthesis. Peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones is  also disturbed, namely, deiodinase type I activity is suppressed and  peripheral conversion of T4 into T3 is inhibited (so-called low T3  syndrome). Therefore, patients with CKD are often diagnosed with  hypothyroidism, and the origin of hypothyroidism is not always  associated with the outcome of autoimmune thyroiditis. The article  presents an overview of a large number of population studies of  thyroid gland dysfunction in patients with CKD, as well as  experimental data specifying the pathogenetic mechanisms of  thyroid dysfunction in patients with CKD. Therapeutic tactics are still  not regulated. However, in a number of studies, replacement therapy with thyroid hormones in patients with CKD had some advantages.

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