Skeletal Deformities in Seabreams. Understanding the Genetic Origin Can Improve Production?

Westernization and today’s changing life style is resulting in various health problems like Inflammatory Bowel diseases, which is a common entity encountered in surgical practise. Ulcerative colitis is the most common among them. Though it is believed to have auto immune and genetic origin, today’s life style, environment, diet and stress plays an important role in aetiology. The disease is prevalent in middle aged western and northern people characterised by abdominal pain with bloody diarrhoea, weight loss, anaemia and general debility. This condition has remissions and exacerbations. One should always keep in mind that inflammatory bowel diseases can have anorectal manifestations. Diagnosis is made on the basis of symptoms, stool exam. and endoscopy. Management is symptomatic i.e. antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, multivitamins, immune suppression and if required admission, intravenous fluids. if no response colectomy. As such there is no satisfactory treatment till date, so it remains the difficult issue. Here we need to have an alternative, safe, convenient treatment. Ayurveda has an answer for such cases.

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Effects of genetic origin on phenotypic divergence in Brook Trout populations stocked with domestic fish

Ecosphere ◽

10.1002/ecs2.3119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Philippine Gossieaux ◽

Émilie Lavoie ◽

Pascal Sirois ◽

Isabel Thibault ◽

Louis Bernatchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brook Trout ◽

Genetic Origin ◽

Phenotypic Divergence

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Skeletal Deformities in Osterix-Cre;Tgfbr2f/f Mice May Cause Postnatal Death

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12070975 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 975

Author(s):

Kara Corps ◽

Monica Stanwick ◽

Juliann Rectenwald ◽

Andrew Kruggel ◽

Sarah B. Peters

Keyword(s):

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Skeletal Development ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽

Tgfβ Signaling ◽

Skeletal Deformities ◽

Tooth Abnormalities ◽

Pathological Analysis ◽

Diaphragmatic Muscle ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation ◽

Tgfβ Receptor

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling plays an important role in skeletal development. We previously demonstrated that the loss of TGFβ receptor II (Tgfbr2) in Osterix-Cre-expressing mesenchyme results in defects in bones and teeth due to reduced proliferation and differentiation in pre-osteoblasts and pre-odontoblasts. These Osterix-Cre;Tgfbr2f/f mice typically die within approximately four weeks for unknown reasons. To investigate the cause of death, we performed extensive pathological analysis on Osterix-Cre- (Cre-), Osterix-Cre+;Tgfbr2f/wt (HET), and Osterix-Cre+;Tgfbr2f/f (CKO) mice. We also crossed Osterix-Cre mice with the ROSA26mTmG reporter line to identify potential off-target Cre expression. The findings recapitulated published skeletal and tooth abnormalities and revealed previously unreported osteochondral dysplasia throughout both the appendicular and axial skeletons in the CKO mice, including the calvaria. Alterations to the nasal area and teeth suggest a potentially reduced capacity to sense and process food, while off-target Cre expression in the gastrointestinal tract may indicate an inability to absorb nutrients. Additionally, altered nasal passages and unexplained changes in diaphragmatic muscle support the possibility of hypoxia. We conclude that these mice likely died due to a combination of breathing difficulties, malnutrition, and starvation resulting primarily from skeletal deformities that decreased their ability to sense, gather, and process food.

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Recent progress understanding pathophysiology and genesis of brain AVM—a narrative review

Neurosurgical Review ◽

10.1007/s10143-021-01526-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hans-Jakob Steiger

Keyword(s):

Large Degree ◽

Advanced Imaging ◽

Genetic Origin ◽

The Past ◽

Open Questions ◽

Brain Avm ◽

Pubmed Search ◽

Substantial Progress ◽

The Individual ◽

Arterial Aneurysms

AbstractConsiderable progress has been made over the past years to better understand the genetic nature and pathophysiology of brain AVM. For the actual review, a PubMed search was carried out regarding the embryology, inflammation, advanced imaging, and fluid dynamical modeling of brain AVM. Whole-genome sequencing clarified the genetic origin of sporadic and familial AVM to a large degree, although some open questions remain. Advanced MRI and DSA techniques allow for better segmentation of feeding arteries, nidus, and draining veins, as well as the deduction of hemodynamic parameters such as flow and pressure in the individual AVM compartments. Nonetheless, complete modeling of the intranidal flow structure by computed fluid dynamics (CFD) is not possible so far. Substantial progress has been made towards understanding the embryology of brain AVM. In contrast to arterial aneurysms, complete modeling of the intranidal flow and a thorough understanding of the mechanical properties of the AVM nidus are still lacking at the present time.

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