PVDF-TiO2 Hollow Fibre Membrane For Water Desalination

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Mahmud Mahmud ◽  
Nurul Huda ◽  
Zaini L Assyaifi ◽  
Elsa Nadia Pratiwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Hollow Fibre Membrane ◽  
Fibre Membrane ◽  
Dope Solution ◽  
Feed Temperature ◽  
Process Method

The clean water crisis is increasing along with the increasing human population. Sea water is one of the largest water sources that can be utilized on the earth. However, the high salt concentration dissolved in seawater must be treated before it can use. Desalination is the directly technology for treating seawater with PVDF-TiO2 hollow fibre membrane via pervaporation process. The aim of this research was to determine the performance of PVDF-TiO2 hollow fibre membrane against variations in feed temperature in the artificial seawater pervaporation process. Method for fabrication membrane is using dry-wet spinning method. The result showed that the highest flux permeat occurred at feed temperature of 60ºC, namely 8.96 kg.m-2.h-1 with salt rejection > 92.86%. The result via SEM showed that of the membrane surface morphology, there is a white spot on the membrane surface is TiO2 because the dope solution is too thick. The PVDF-TiO2 hollow fiber membrane in this research is can be applied for seawater pervaporation.

Application of hollow fibre membrane reactor for biological removal of H2S

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jewel Das ◽  
Harish Ravishankar ◽  
Piet Lens
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Rayon Production ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Hollow Fibre Membrane ◽  
Fibre Membrane ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods

<p>Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) is a toxic pollutant and harmful to human health. Industries such as pulp and paper manufacturing, rayon production, natural gas extraction and refining, and crude petroleum refineries generate waste gas streams with high H<sub>2</sub>S concentrations. Both physico-chemical and biological methods are used for H<sub>2</sub>S removal from the gas stream. Biological methods offer several advantages such as environmental friendly, less expensive and require simple operation and maintenance compared to physico-chemical methods. In this study, a hydrophilic hollow fibre membrane (HFM) based bioreactor configuration has been tested for biological H<sub>2</sub>S removal. Three reactors were fabricated and operated for ~ 3 months where two reactors were used for biological conversion process and the third reactor was used for abiotic process. The effective membrane area of a HFM module used in each reactor was 0.0138 m<sup>2</sup>. The bioreactors demonstrated efficient gas-liquid mass transfer through the HFM module and achieved ~ 99% removal efficiency with an elimination capacity of ~ 17.0 g m<sup>-3</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>. The H<sub>2</sub>S flux of the bioreactor was ~ 0.20 g m<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> which was ~ 9 times higher than the abiotic reactor for an inlet H<sub>2</sub>S concentration of ~ 0.90 g m<sup>-3</sup>. The overall mass transfer coefficient value for the biotic process was 17.2 µm s<sup>-1</sup> which was ~ 25 times higher than the abiotic process. The bioreactors demonstrated both microbial attached growth on the membrane surface and suspended growth in the liquid phase. Microbial community analysis confirmed the presence of diverse sulfur-oxidizing bacteria at genus level including <em>Acinetobacter</em>, <em>Dechloromonas</em>, <em>Hydrogenophaga</em>, <em>Rhodopseudomonas</em> and <em>Sulfurospirillum</em>. Moreover, the enrichment of other bacterial genera such as ammonia-oxidizing (e.g. <em>Nitrosospira</em>), organic matter degrading (e.g. <em>Trichococcus</em>) and methanogenic (e.g. <em>Methanosaeta</em>) microorganisms demonstrate the diverse microbial ecology of the sludge growing in the bioreactor.</p>

Experimental evaluation of the Dideco D903 Avant 1.7 hollow-fibre membrane oxygenator

Perfusion ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier M Mueller ◽  
Hendrick T Tevaearai ◽  
Monique Augstburger ◽  
Judith Horisberger ◽  
L K von Segesser
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Membrane Oxygenator ◽  
Hollow Fibre Membrane ◽  
Fibre Membrane

Membrane oxygenators have now gained wide acceptance. A new hollow-fibre membrane oxygenator, the Dideco D903 Avant 1.7, with an optimized membrane surface (1.7 m2) and a wavy blood flow pattern, was tested for gas transfer and blood path resistance in a standardized setting with surviving animals. Three calves (mean body weight 63.29 ± 2.9 kg) were connected to cardiopulmonary bypass by jugular venous and carotid arterial cannulation, classic roller pump and the Dideco D903 oxygenator with a mean flow rate of 53 ± 0.1 ml/kg/min for 6 h. After this time, the animals were weaned from the CPB and thereafter from the ventilator. After 7 days, the animals were killed electively. Blood gas analysis was performed before bypass, after mixing (10 min) and then hourly for the 6 h of perfusion. Further samples were taken 30 min (spontaneous breathing) and 60 min after bypass (extubated). Physiological blood gas values could be maintained throughout perfusion in all animals. Mean arterial oxygen saturation varied between 99.3% and 99.7% for the arterial side of the oxygenator compared to 64.6% and 71% for the venous side. The highest mean pressure drop through the oxygenator was 54 mmHg. Postbypass blood gas analysis showed physiological values and no evidence of major lung trauma or pulmonary oedema in relation to the 6 h perfusion. The hollow-fibre membrane oxygenator, Dideco D903, offers excellent gas exchange capabilities and a low pressure drop under experimental conditions, despite reduced membrane surface area. The post mortem examination did not show any deleterious lesion.

Effect of bubble flow velocity on drag-force and shear stress working on submerged hollow fibre membrane

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nagaoka ◽  
M. Kurosaka ◽  
N. Shibata ◽  
M. Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Drag Force ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Laser Doppler Velocimeter ◽  
Bubble Flow ◽  
Hollow Fibre Membrane ◽  
Membrane Surfaces ◽  
Fibre Membrane ◽  
Upward Direction

This study is aimed at elucidating the mechanism by which rising air bubbles induce shear stress on hollow fibre membrane surfaces. Shear stress on hollow fibre membrane surfaces (laterally-set and vertically-set) caused by aeration was measured directly using a two-direction load sensor. In the laterally-set hollow fibre module, time-averaged upward-direction shear stress on the membrane surface was compared to theoretical shear stress values considering the effect of water flow on membrane surface. Measured time-average shear stress values were almost 200 times larger than theoretical values implying strong interactions between bubbles and solid surface. In the vertically-set membrane module, velocity measurement of bubble flow using laser Doppler velocimeter revealed that drag force working on membrane surface was closely related to upward-direction water velocity. Also fluctuation of drag force and shear force on membrane surface was found to be related to velocity fluctuation (turbulence).

scholarly journals Mitigation of Membrane Wetting by Applying a Low Temperature Membrane Distillation

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Gryta
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Salt Crystallization ◽  
Membrane Cleaning ◽  
Membrane Wetting ◽  
Feed Temperature ◽  
Long Term Studies

The formation of deposits on the membrane surface during membrane distillation is considered as one of the main reasons for membrane wetting. To assess the intensity of this phenomenon, long-term studies were performed comparing the membrane wettability with non-fouling feed (NaCl solutions) and feeds containing various foulants (lake and Baltic Sea water). The polypropylene membranes used were non-wetted by NaCl solutions during several hundred hours of water desalination. However, the occurrence of CaCO3 or other salt crystallization caused the membranes to be partially wetted, especially when periodical membrane cleaning was applied. The scaling intensity was significantly reduced by lowering the feed temperature from 353 to 315 K, which additionally resulted in the limitation of the degree of membrane wetting.

scholarly journals Fabrication and characterization of composite hollow fibre membrane derived from hydroxyapatite cow bone and kaolin

2021 ◽  
Vol 1142 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
Suraya Najieha Kamarudin ◽  
Mohd Riduan Jamalludin ◽  
Siti Nor Suhaida Rasman ◽  
Siti Khadijah Hubadillah ◽  
Mohd Arif Budiman Pauzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Hollow Fibre Membrane ◽  
Fibre Membrane ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
Cow Bone

Blood compatibility of two different types of membrane oxygenator during cardiopulmonary bypass in infants

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.J. Gu ◽  
P.W. Boonstra ◽  
C. Akkerman ◽  
H. Mungroop ◽  
I. Tigchelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Blood Compatibility ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Membrane Oxygenator ◽  
Hollow Fibre Membrane ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Fibre Membrane ◽  
Membrane Oxygenators ◽  
Flat Sheet Membrane ◽  
Sheet Membrane

The contact of blood with the artificial extracorporeal circuit causes a systemic inflammatory response due to blood activation. In this study, we compared two different paediatric membrane oxygenators used for extracorporeal circulation: a hollow fibre membrane oxygenator (Dideco Masterflo D-701, n=10), and a flat sheet silicone membrane oxygenator (Avecor Kolobow 800-2A, n=10). Blood compatibility was indicated by measuring complement activation as well as leukocyte and platelet activation. In patients perfused with a flat sheet membrane oxygenator, concentrations of complement split products C3a were significantly increased 30 minutes after the start of bypass (p<0.01), whereas only a mild increase of C3a was found in patients perfused with a hollow fibre membrane oxygenator. Leukocyte and platelet counts dropped uniformly in both groups after the start of bypass mainly due to hemodilution. Activation of leukocytes and platelets identified by both plasma β-glucuronidase and β-thromboglobulin was similar in both groups. Infants perfused with a flat sheet membrane oxygenator received significantly more donor blood than those perfused with a hollow fibre oxygenator (p<0.05). These results indicate that when used during paediatric cardiopulmonary bypass, a flat sheet membrane oxygenator has a higher complement activity than a hollow fibre membrane oxygenator, which is probably due to the relatively larger blood-surface contacting area of the oxygenator.

Recovery of Sulfur Dioxide Using Non-Dispersive Absorption

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Luis ◽  
Inmaculada Ortiz ◽  
Rubén Aldaco ◽  
Aurora Garea ◽  
Ángel Irabien
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Hollow Fibre Membrane ◽  
Fibre Membrane ◽  
Removal Of So2

Removal of SO2 from gas emissions by selective absorption into a liquid is a common method to reduce air pollution and environmental risks. The absorption efficiency is determined by the interaction between the gases and the liquid. A great number of gas desulphurization methods have been developed where aqueous or organic solvents are used as sorbents.N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) is an organic solvent used in the industry because its affinity with SO2. This absorption is neither too strong nor too weak, thus absorption and desorption can occur leading to a regenerative process where SO2 can be recovered. However, a direct contact between SO2 and DMA leads to several environmental problems caused by solvent evaporation and drops dragging into the gas stream.In order to increase the process efficiency and reduce environmental risks, a non-dispersive absorption process using hollow fibre membrane modules is developed in this work for a solvent zero emission process. The mass transfer into a fibre may be described by three main assumptions: gas-phase laminar flow, gas-phase plug-flow and gas-phase mixing. A numerical calculation was carried out to establish the performance of a hollow fibre membrane contactor for the removal of SO2 when water and N,N-dimethylaniline are used as sorbents in order to compare both, wetted and non-wetted operating modes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document