scholarly journals Tingkat Produktivitas Pada Aglomerasi Industri (Studi Kasus : Sentra Industri Mebel Tunjungsekar, Kota Malang)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Dinar Ashary ◽  
◽  
Wawargita Wijayanti ◽  
Dian Dinanti
Keyword(s):  
Total Output ◽  
Total Input

Industri pengolahan non migas menjadi salah satu pilar perekonomian masyarakat Indonesia salah satunya adalah sektor Industri Kecil dan Menengah (IKM), IKM mampu menyerap tenaga kerja lebih dari 60% dari sektor industri, memiliki ketahanan akan kiris ekonomi dan juga berperan dalam ekonomi lokal, karena penyerapan tenaga kerja yang memanfaatkan masyarakat di sekitarnya. Industri pengolahan kayu menjadi salah satu industri yang berkembang pesat namun memiliki permasalahan terhadap ketersediaan bahan baku. Agar industri dapat terus berkompetisi salah satu strategi untuk efisiensi produksi dengan memanfaatkan industri yang beraglomerasi. Aglomerasi ini biasanya memunculkan manfaat ekonomi berupa limpahan tenaga kerja, kerja sama suplier khusus, terjadinya transfer pengetahuan dan teknologi, serta kerja sama pemasaran. Salah satu aglomerasi industri di Kota Malang ialah Industri Mebel Tunjungsekar. Produktivitas sentra industri mebel ini mengalami rintangan terutama pada persediaan bahan baku kayu dan tenaga kerja yang masih mengandalkan kekerabatan, selain itu ini belum didukung kelembagaan yang baik serta belum ada jaringan pemasaran yang kuat. Maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana tingkat produktivitas sentra indutri mebel sebagai salah satu bentuk terjadinya aglomerasi menggunakan rumus produktivitas yaitu perbandingan nilai total output/ pendapatan dengan nilai total input/ pengeluaran (biaya tenaga kerja, modal dan bahan baku) di tahun 2019. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ke-30 industri mebel memiliki nilai di atas 1,0 dengan rata-rata nilai 1,31. Nilai produktivitas yang tidak jauh di atas 1,00 dikarenakan masih terdapat permasalahan pada tingginya biaya bahan baku dan modal namun tidak diimbangi dengan tingginya jumlah pesanan produk mebel yang terjual.

scholarly journals Energy use efficiency in soybean crops in different regions of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 2991-3010
Author(s):  
Roni Fernandes Guareschi ◽  
◽  
Marcio dos Reis Martins ◽  
Leonardo Fernandes Sarkis ◽  
Bruno José Rodrigues Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
South Central ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Adverse Weather

The soybean crop in Brazil has been growing in area and productivity in recent years and the analysis of its energy efficiency is very important to guarantee the sustainability of the production system. Assessment of energy efficiency (EE) enables the evaluation of the sustainability of agrosystems, as well as decision-making regarding the reduction in production costs and negative environmental impacts. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess energy efficiency of soybean in different regions of Brazil. For this purpose, 29 areas of soybean across the major producing states were assessed. Energy inputs and outputs of agricultural operations and/or agricultural inputs were calculated by multiplying the amount used by their calorific value or energy coefficient at each stage of production. Energy efficiency was calculated as the ratio between the total output energy and the total input energy during the production process. For every MJ of energy consumed in the production of soybean crop, 6.1; 6.7; 7.1 and 7.2 MJ of energy were produced in the form of grain, respectively in the areas assessed in the Midwest, northeast, southeast and south regions of Brazil. Generally, the main energy expenditure on soybean cultivation in different regions of Brazil was with fertilizers, seeds and herbicides. The adverse weather conditions of the year / harvest evaluated in the south-central region of Brazil resulted in low soybean yields and consequently resulted in lower energy efficiency in these regions. The evaluation of energy efficiency in soybean crops to be representative must be carried out in different regions and edaphoclimatic conditions.

Resource network theory

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Жилякова ◽  
Liudmila Zhilyakova ◽  
Кузнецов ◽  
Oleg Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Resource Network ◽  
Output Capacity ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Total Resource

We represent a resource network as a new model of spreading of uniform resources. A resource network is a directed graph, where edges have capacities. Any vertex can store an unlimited amount of resource. The network operates in discrete time. The total amount of resource throughout network operation time does not change. At time step t each vertex sends resource along the outgoing edges to adjacent vertices following one of the two rules. If its resource amount is not less than the sum of capacities of all its outgoing edges, the vertex gives away its total output capacity. Otherwise, the vertex gives away all its resource, distributing it proportionally to the capacities of outgoing edges. For every network, there exists a threshold value T of total resource. Network behavior is significantly different depending on its low or high resource. If a network has sources (vertices whose total input capacity is less than total output capacity) and receivers (whose total input exceeds total output), then with high total resource its surplus (over T) finally is redistributed among special receivers (attractors). We propose the matrix classification of networks based on graph structure and on capacities. Overall study scheme for all classes is the same. We find the limit state and flow vectors (or prove their absence) for different initial conditions and values of the total resource amount, wherein the difference in behavior with low and high resource is demonstrated. However, the methods and results for different classes of networks are significantly different.

DIRECTLY ADJUSTING NODE'S IMPACTS TO REALIZE THE SYNCHRONIZATION OF COMPLEX NETWORKS

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 785-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAIFENG ZHANG ◽  
MING ZHAO ◽  
BINGHONG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Coupling Strength ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Output Coupling ◽  
Total Input

Most previous studies on the synchronization of complex networks were based on that each node managed to adjust its neighbors coupling strength to enhance synchronizability, i.e. each node tried to adjust its total input coupling strength in a proper way and the neighbor nodes were passively adjusted. From practical and engineering viewpoints, each node should manage to adjust its total output coupling strength to realize synchronization. Moreover, each node's total output coupling strength can be distributed to its neighbors with different proportions. In view of the above reasons, in this paper, we study the synchronization of complex networks under the assumptions that the total output coupling strength of each node is voluntarily/directly distributed to its neighbors with different proportions. What is more, we assume that the total output coupling strength of each node can be nonlinear to its degree. Our analysis and numerical simulations show that the synchronizability can be enhanced dramatically when the parameters are properly selected.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency in maize crops in different regions of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 2271-2292
Author(s):  
Roni Fernandes Guareschi ◽  
◽  
Elderson Pereira da Silva ◽  
Segundo Urquiaga ◽  
Bruno José Rodrigues Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Energy Coefficient ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Assessment of energy efficiency (EE) enables the evaluation of the sustainability of agrosystems, as well as decision-making regarding reduction in production costs and environmental pollution and even to increase production in a sustainable way. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess energy efficiency in maize in different regions of Brazil. For this purpose, 32 areas of maize crop distributed across the major producing states and regions were assessed. Energy inputs and outputs of agricultural operations and/or agricultural inputs were calculated by multiplying the amount used by their calorific value or energy coefficient at each stage of production. Energy efficiency was calculated as the ratio between the total output energy and the total input energy during the production process. For every megajoule (MJ) of energy consumed in the production of second-crop maize and first-crop maize seasons, 9.9 and 8.7 MJ respectively of renewable energy were produced in the form of grain. In both maize cropping seasons, most of the energy use was attributed to fertilizers, herbicides and fuel. To be representative the evaluation of energy efficiency of the maize crop should be performed in different Brazilian cultivation regions, as it will represent different edaphoclimatic and management conditions spread over the national territory within an agricultural year.

scholarly journals PENDUGAAN NUTRIENT BUDGET TAMBAK INTENSIF UDANG, Litopenaeus vannamei

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Rachmansyah Rachmansyah ◽  
Hidayat Suryanto Suwoyo ◽  
Muh. Chaidir Undu ◽  
Makmur Makmur
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Bottom Sampling ◽  
Assimilation Capacity

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nutrient budget tambak intensif udang Litopenaeus vannamei sebagai acuan alokasi input produksi pada tingkat kapasitas asimilasi lingkungan perairan. Pendugaan nutrient budget tambak udang intensif menggunakan pendekatan mass balance, dihitung berdasarkan input nutrien nitrogen - N dan fosfor – P yang berasal dari pakan, benih, pupuk, media probiotik, inflow, dan output nutrien yang ada pada produksi udang, outflow, dan endapan lumpur di dasar tambak. Sampel air, tanah, sedimen, plankton diambil sebelum penebaran dan setiap dua minggu selama pemeliharaan dari tiga petak tambak, masing-masing 5 titik sampel per petak tambak contoh. Analisis nitrogen dan fosfor dilakukan untuk sampel pakan, karkas udang awal dan akhir. Data managemen budi daya meliputi padat penebaran benur 50 ekor m-2, produksi 1.188—1.489 kg/0,25 ha, dan FCR 1,69—2,14; maka total input nutrien tambak udang Litopenaeus vannamei antara 171,9155—179,3778 (176 ± 3,9586) kgN dan 95,2533—99,4180(97,8340 ± 2,3348) kg P. Pakan mendominasi input N sebesar 61,96% ± 0,66%; disusul inflow 30,93% ± 0,70%; pupuk 6,52% ± 0,15%, serta media probiotik dan benur masing-masing <1%. Pola yang sama terjadi pada input phosphorous dengan komposisi 87,75% ± 0,24% dari pakan; 7,73% ± 0,19% pupuk; 4,05% ± 0,25% inflow dan media probiotik < 1%. Total output nitrogen tambak udang vannamei antara 107,1279-110,1438 (108,4957 ± 1,5274) kg N dan 51,6362—63,6576 (56,1292 ± 6,5604) kg P. Komposisi output nitrogen adalah outflow sebanyak 29,82% ± 3,20%; kemudian udang yang dipanen 21,32% ± 1,33%, lumpur atau sludge 10,40% ± 0,81%. Sedangkan komposisi output phosphorous didominasi oleh lumpur 39,03% ± 6,59%; kemudian udang yang dipanen 15,22% ± 0,85% dan outflow 3,09% ± 0,26%. Efisiensi pakan dan air melalui managemen budi daya yang benar menjadi peubah dominan penentu beban limbah tambak udang.This research was aimed to find out nutrient budget on L. vannamei intensive ponds as input allocation reference produce at environmental assimilation capacity level. Nutrient budget assessment was used mass balance approach, calculate based on nutrient input of nitrogen (N) and phosphor (P) from feed, seed, fertilizer, probiotic media, and inflow and nutrient output within pond yield, outflow, and sludge sedimentation at pond bottom. Sampling for water quality, sediment, and plankton was carried out at three ponds and five stations within each pond before stocking and continued fortnightly as long as culture periods. Nitrogen and phosphor analyzed for feed, and shrimp carcass of both of initial stocking and harvest. The data of culture management consist of shrimp yield reached 1,188—1,489 kg/0.25 ha with stocking density of 50 ind/m2 and FCR 1.69—2.14. Total input nutrients within L. vannamei ponds are 171.9155—179.3778 (176 ± 3.9586) kg N and 95.2533—99.4180 (97.8340 ± 2.3348) kg P. Food given domination on N input N with 61.96% ± 0.66% followed by inflow by 30.93% ± 0.70%, fertilizer 6.52% ± 0.15%, and both of probiotic media and seed supply less than1% respectively. There are the same pattern with phosphorous input with following composition 87.75% ± 0.24% from food, 7.73% ± 0.19% fertilizer, 4.05% ± 0.25% inflow and probiotic media less than 1%. Total output nitrogen from L vannamei ponds between 107.1279—110.1438 (108.4957 ± 1.5274) kg N and 51.6362—63.6576 (56.1292 ± 6.5604) kg P. Composition of nitrogen output is dominated by outflow 29.82% ± 3.20%, followed by shrimp harvest 21.32% ±1.33%, and sludge 10.40 ± 0.81%. Meanwhile, composition of phosphorous output dominated by sludge 39.03% ± 6.59%, shrimp harvest 15.22% ± 0.85% and outflow 3.09% ± 0.26%. Both food and water efficiency under good culture management are the mainfactors of waste load from shrimp culture ponds.

Effect of semi-open impeller side clearance on centrifugal pump cavitation inception

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
A. Farid ◽  
A. Abou El-Azm Aly ◽  
H. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Cavitation Inception ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Input Pressure ◽  
Pump Head ◽  
Pump Pressure

Cavitation in pumps is the most severe condition that centrifugal pumps can work in and is leading to a loss in their performance.  Herein, the effect of semi-open centrifugal pump side clearance on the inception of pump cavitation has been investigated.  The input pump pressure has been changed from 80 to 16 kPa and the pump side clearance has been changed from 1 mm to 3 mm at a rotation speed of 1500 rpm. It has been shown that as the total input pressure decreased; the static pressure inside the impeller is reduced while the total pressure in streamwise direction has been reduced, also the pump head is constant with the reduction of the total input pressure until the cavitation is reached. Head is reduced due to cavitation inception; the head is reduced in the case of a closed impeller with a percent of 1.5% while it is reduced with a percent of 0.5% for pump side clearance of 1mm, both are at a pressure of 20 kPa.   Results also showed that the cavitation inception in the pump had been affected and delayed with the increase of the pump side clearance; the cavitation has been noticed to occur at approximate pressures of 20 kPa for side clearance of 1mm, 18 kPa for side clearances of 2mm and 16 kPa for 3mm.

Analisis Struktur Ekonomi Kelautan Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Kastana Sapanli ◽  
Tridoyo Kusumastanto ◽  
Sugeng Budiharsono ◽  
Agus Sadelie
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Marine Industry ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Sea Transportation ◽  
Marine Economy ◽  
National Output ◽  
Index Value

Marine economy is an economic activity carried out in the sea and land areas whose activities are still related to marine resources. The marine sector is defined as seven sectors, namely: fisheries, marine tourism, mining, marine industry, sea transportation (marine transportation), marine building, marine services. This study used descriptive and impact analysis in the national Input-Output Table in 2010. The total output of the marine sector accounted for 27.39% of total national output. The GDP value in the marine sector is able to contribute 30.32% of the total national GDP. From the results of calculations regarding the analysis of the multiplier numbers by output, the formation of new output in the economy was 1.4087 units. Analysis of multiplier numbers by job opportunities causes an increase in employment opportunities by an average of 0.1451 units. The majority of the sectors of maritime tourism show high distribution power. The largest sub-sector with a sensitivity index value is the trade service sub-sector, which is 1.4608. Key words: descriptive analysis, impact analysis, marine economy, I-O table

Sedimentation of Pb-210 in Laurentian Shield Lakes

1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Cornett ◽  
L. Chant ◽  
D. Link
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Atmospheric Fallout ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
Annual Flux

Abstract The average annual flux of Pb-210 from the atmosphere to lake surfaces and to the bottom sediments was measured in seven small lakes located on the Laurentian Shield. Direct atmospheric fallout of Pb-210 was 136 ± 16 Bq m-2 a-1 Streams from the lakes' catchments input an additional 5 to 473 Bq m-2 a-1. Only 16 to 80 percent of the total input was found in the lake sediments. The fractional rate constant for Pb-210 sedimentation from the water column ranged from 0.25 to 5.3 per annum.

Socioeconomic effects of pension spending: evidence from Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-617
Author(s):  
Fernando Bermejo ◽  
Eladio Febrero ◽  
Andre Fernandes Tomon Avelino
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Structural Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide broader understanding of the significant role that the pension system has in the Spanish economy by estimating the sectoral production, employment and income sustained by pensioners' consumption.Design/methodology/approachBased on input–output tables by the World Input–Output Database and consumption data from the Household Budget Survey by the Spanish Statistical Office, a demoeconomic model is applied to quantify the direct impacts, indirect impacts from interindustry links and induced impacts from income–consumption connections over a nine-year period (2006–2014). Then, the factors driving the evolution of total output, employment and value added during such period have been examined by using structural decomposition analysis.FindingsThe growing participation of consumption by pensioner households in final demand had proven crucial during the 2008 crisis to alleviate the negative trend in production and employment derived from the collapse in consumption suffered by the rest of households.Practical implicationsDetermining the underlying factors driving changes in both employment and income during the 2008 crisis can be of interest in political decision-making on the sustainability of the Spanish pension system.Social implicationsThe results of estimating both the employment and income supported by pensioners' consumption reveal the significant stabilizing effect of the public spending on pensions, particularly during the 2008 crisis.Originality/valueThe current Spanish approach of attaining the pension system sustainability by merely reducing social protection costs ignores the adverse consequences of a lower pensioners' demand. This paper addresses an alternative view in which pension spending is not considered a burden on economic growth but rather a means of improving the level of production and employment.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-01-2019-0047

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