scholarly journals PENDUGAAN NUTRIENT BUDGET TAMBAK INTENSIF UDANG, Litopenaeus vannamei

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Rachmansyah Rachmansyah ◽  
Hidayat Suryanto Suwoyo ◽  
Muh. Chaidir Undu ◽  
Makmur Makmur
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Bottom Sampling ◽  
Assimilation Capacity

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nutrient budget tambak intensif udang Litopenaeus vannamei sebagai acuan alokasi input produksi pada tingkat kapasitas asimilasi lingkungan perairan. Pendugaan nutrient budget tambak udang intensif menggunakan pendekatan mass balance, dihitung berdasarkan input nutrien nitrogen - N dan fosfor – P yang berasal dari pakan, benih, pupuk, media probiotik, inflow, dan output nutrien yang ada pada produksi udang, outflow, dan endapan lumpur di dasar tambak. Sampel air, tanah, sedimen, plankton diambil sebelum penebaran dan setiap dua minggu selama pemeliharaan dari tiga petak tambak, masing-masing 5 titik sampel per petak tambak contoh. Analisis nitrogen dan fosfor dilakukan untuk sampel pakan, karkas udang awal dan akhir. Data managemen budi daya meliputi padat penebaran benur 50 ekor m-2, produksi 1.188—1.489 kg/0,25 ha, dan FCR 1,69—2,14; maka total input nutrien tambak udang Litopenaeus vannamei antara 171,9155—179,3778 (176 ± 3,9586) kgN dan 95,2533—99,4180(97,8340 ± 2,3348) kg P. Pakan mendominasi input N sebesar 61,96% ± 0,66%; disusul inflow 30,93% ± 0,70%; pupuk 6,52% ± 0,15%, serta media probiotik dan benur masing-masing <1%. Pola yang sama terjadi pada input phosphorous dengan komposisi 87,75% ± 0,24% dari pakan; 7,73% ± 0,19% pupuk; 4,05% ± 0,25% inflow dan media probiotik < 1%. Total output nitrogen tambak udang vannamei antara 107,1279-110,1438 (108,4957 ± 1,5274) kg N dan 51,6362—63,6576 (56,1292 ± 6,5604) kg P. Komposisi output nitrogen adalah outflow sebanyak 29,82% ± 3,20%; kemudian udang yang dipanen 21,32% ± 1,33%, lumpur atau sludge 10,40% ± 0,81%. Sedangkan komposisi output phosphorous didominasi oleh lumpur 39,03% ± 6,59%; kemudian udang yang dipanen 15,22% ± 0,85% dan outflow 3,09% ± 0,26%. Efisiensi pakan dan air melalui managemen budi daya yang benar menjadi peubah dominan penentu beban limbah tambak udang.This research was aimed to find out nutrient budget on L. vannamei intensive ponds as input allocation reference produce at environmental assimilation capacity level. Nutrient budget assessment was used mass balance approach, calculate based on nutrient input of nitrogen (N) and phosphor (P) from feed, seed, fertilizer, probiotic media, and inflow and nutrient output within pond yield, outflow, and sludge sedimentation at pond bottom. Sampling for water quality, sediment, and plankton was carried out at three ponds and five stations within each pond before stocking and continued fortnightly as long as culture periods. Nitrogen and phosphor analyzed for feed, and shrimp carcass of both of initial stocking and harvest. The data of culture management consist of shrimp yield reached 1,188—1,489 kg/0.25 ha with stocking density of 50 ind/m2 and FCR 1.69—2.14. Total input nutrients within L. vannamei ponds are 171.9155—179.3778 (176 ± 3.9586) kg N and 95.2533—99.4180 (97.8340 ± 2.3348) kg P. Food given domination on N input N with 61.96% ± 0.66% followed by inflow by 30.93% ± 0.70%, fertilizer 6.52% ± 0.15%, and both of probiotic media and seed supply less than1% respectively. There are the same pattern with phosphorous input with following composition 87.75% ± 0.24% from food, 7.73% ± 0.19% fertilizer, 4.05% ± 0.25% inflow and probiotic media less than 1%. Total output nitrogen from L vannamei ponds between 107.1279—110.1438 (108.4957 ± 1.5274) kg N and 51.6362—63.6576 (56.1292 ± 6.5604) kg P. Composition of nitrogen output is dominated by outflow 29.82% ± 3.20%, followed by shrimp harvest 21.32% ±1.33%, and sludge 10.40 ± 0.81%. Meanwhile, composition of phosphorous output dominated by sludge 39.03% ± 6.59%, shrimp harvest 15.22% ± 0.85% and outflow 3.09% ± 0.26%. Both food and water efficiency under good culture management are the mainfactors of waste load from shrimp culture ponds.

scholarly journals Kelimpahan Bakteri Vibrio sp. Pada Air Pembesaran Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) Sebagai Deteksi Dini Serangan Penyakit Vibriosis [The Abundance Of Vibrio sp. Bacteria On Enlargement Water Of Litopenaeus vannamei As The Early Detection Of Vibriosis]

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Adnan Kharisma, Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Minimum Threshold ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Monitoring Activity

Abstract The abundance of bacteria is an activity that aims to determine the distribution and the abundance of bacteria in a water area, so an effort to control and prevent against these bacteria can be made to avoid it’s wide spread. The function of this monitoring activities is for an early detection of animal health conditions that is the white leg shrimp due to bacterial attack. Given the importance of health level in the cultivation of white leg shrimp, then the monitoring activity in bacterial abundance should be done because the number of bacteria found in aquatic environments shouldn’t exceed the minimum threshold number of bacteria that is 104 CFU/ml. The purpose of this study case is to know the abundance of Vibrio sp. on white leg shrimp water augmentation. Because the Vibrio sp. bacteria is known as the opportunistic pathogen of white leg shrimp, which can cause disease if the environmental conditions are bad. Working methods used is descriptive method of data collection techniques include primary and secondary data. The stage of the monitoring activity include: (1) Preparation phase which includes the preparation of equipment and materials and sterilization equipment and media. (2) Phase of making trisalt solvent and bacterial culture media. (3) Phase of retrieval and delivery the water samples. (4) Phase planting the water samples. (5) Phase counting the bacteria. (6) Interpretation the results of the calculation. Based on the results of monitoring the abundance of bacteria in white leg shrimp water augmentation activity, the conclusion is the abundance of Vibrio sp. on white leg shrimp water augmentation has exceeds the minimum threshold number of bacteria that is 104 CFU/ml, so the white leg shrimp culture is susceptible againts these Vibriosis disease.

scholarly journals Energy use efficiency in soybean crops in different regions of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 2991-3010
Author(s):  
Roni Fernandes Guareschi ◽  
◽  
Marcio dos Reis Martins ◽  
Leonardo Fernandes Sarkis ◽  
Bruno José Rodrigues Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
South Central ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Adverse Weather

The soybean crop in Brazil has been growing in area and productivity in recent years and the analysis of its energy efficiency is very important to guarantee the sustainability of the production system. Assessment of energy efficiency (EE) enables the evaluation of the sustainability of agrosystems, as well as decision-making regarding the reduction in production costs and negative environmental impacts. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess energy efficiency of soybean in different regions of Brazil. For this purpose, 29 areas of soybean across the major producing states were assessed. Energy inputs and outputs of agricultural operations and/or agricultural inputs were calculated by multiplying the amount used by their calorific value or energy coefficient at each stage of production. Energy efficiency was calculated as the ratio between the total output energy and the total input energy during the production process. For every MJ of energy consumed in the production of soybean crop, 6.1; 6.7; 7.1 and 7.2 MJ of energy were produced in the form of grain, respectively in the areas assessed in the Midwest, northeast, southeast and south regions of Brazil. Generally, the main energy expenditure on soybean cultivation in different regions of Brazil was with fertilizers, seeds and herbicides. The adverse weather conditions of the year / harvest evaluated in the south-central region of Brazil resulted in low soybean yields and consequently resulted in lower energy efficiency in these regions. The evaluation of energy efficiency in soybean crops to be representative must be carried out in different regions and edaphoclimatic conditions.

Resource network theory

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Жилякова ◽  
Liudmila Zhilyakova ◽  
Кузнецов ◽  
Oleg Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Resource Network ◽  
Output Capacity ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Total Resource

We represent a resource network as a new model of spreading of uniform resources. A resource network is a directed graph, where edges have capacities. Any vertex can store an unlimited amount of resource. The network operates in discrete time. The total amount of resource throughout network operation time does not change. At time step t each vertex sends resource along the outgoing edges to adjacent vertices following one of the two rules. If its resource amount is not less than the sum of capacities of all its outgoing edges, the vertex gives away its total output capacity. Otherwise, the vertex gives away all its resource, distributing it proportionally to the capacities of outgoing edges. For every network, there exists a threshold value T of total resource. Network behavior is significantly different depending on its low or high resource. If a network has sources (vertices whose total input capacity is less than total output capacity) and receivers (whose total input exceeds total output), then with high total resource its surplus (over T) finally is redistributed among special receivers (attractors). We propose the matrix classification of networks based on graph structure and on capacities. Overall study scheme for all classes is the same. We find the limit state and flow vectors (or prove their absence) for different initial conditions and values of the total resource amount, wherein the difference in behavior with low and high resource is demonstrated. However, the methods and results for different classes of networks are significantly different.

DIRECTLY ADJUSTING NODE'S IMPACTS TO REALIZE THE SYNCHRONIZATION OF COMPLEX NETWORKS

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 785-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAIFENG ZHANG ◽  
MING ZHAO ◽  
BINGHONG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Coupling Strength ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Output Coupling ◽  
Total Input

Most previous studies on the synchronization of complex networks were based on that each node managed to adjust its neighbors coupling strength to enhance synchronizability, i.e. each node tried to adjust its total input coupling strength in a proper way and the neighbor nodes were passively adjusted. From practical and engineering viewpoints, each node should manage to adjust its total output coupling strength to realize synchronization. Moreover, each node's total output coupling strength can be distributed to its neighbors with different proportions. In view of the above reasons, in this paper, we study the synchronization of complex networks under the assumptions that the total output coupling strength of each node is voluntarily/directly distributed to its neighbors with different proportions. What is more, we assume that the total output coupling strength of each node can be nonlinear to its degree. Our analysis and numerical simulations show that the synchronizability can be enhanced dramatically when the parameters are properly selected.

A nutrient budget for a selection harvest: implications for long-term sustainability

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2064-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Phillips ◽  
Shaun A. Watmough
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
North America ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
Average Mass

Declining concentrations of Ca and other base cations in soils and surface waters in eastern North America have led to concerns that forests may become nutrient limited, particularly in regions that are harvested. We constructed a nutrient budget for a selection harvest in central Ontario that is typical of eastern North America. Atmospheric deposition (5-year average) and mineral weathering (PROFILE) were considered as the sole inputs to the forest, while exports included nutrient losses in streams and removed in stems. Sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.) was the only tree species removed in the study (∼30% of basal area) and harvesting had no strong impact on stream chemistry. Mass balance calculations were performed on average values, but with estimates of uncertainty associated with each input parameter. A Monte Carlo simulation was run (10 000 runs) for Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, N, and S. In the absence of harvesting, average mass balance estimates are positive for all nutrients except S. When harvesting is considered, average mass balances remain positive for all nutrients except Ca, K, and S. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that mass balances for Na are always positive, while mass balances for Mg, K, N, P, and S range from slightly positive to slightly negative. In contrast, mass balance simulations for Ca are always negative and average net losses represent ∼1% of the current exchangeable soil Ca pool.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilization and density on the survival rate and growth of post-larva of shrimp vaname (Litopenaues vannamei)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernawati Ernawati ◽  
Rochmady Rochmady
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Animal Test ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Density Treatment

The aim of this research is to know the effect of fertilization and density on survival rate and the absolute growth of post-larvae of shrimp vanname (Litopenaeus vannamei). The study was conducted from 18 August to 5 September 2013 at Oensuli ponds, Kabangka, Muna Regency, Indonesia. The research used animal test of vaname shrimp stadium PL6, a fertilizer of Urea and TSP. The study used styrofoam container, 75 cm long, 37 cm wide, and 27 cm high. Research using Factorial RAL, fertilization and density used three levels, three replications, so that the experiment of 27 units. The fertilizer treatment consisted of no-fertilizer (Control), combination Urea 0.5 g/TSP 0.7 g (P2), combination Urea 0.7 g/TSP 0.9 g (P3). The density treatment consists of density 9 ind/container (Control), density 14 ind/container (KP2) and density 19 ind/container (KP3). Parameters observed survival rate (SR) and absolute growth (G). Data analysis using ANOVA (a0,05) with IBM SPSS Statistic 22. The results showed that fertilization and stocking density had a significant effect on survival and post larvae growth of vaname shrimp. The optimum use of 0.7 g/TSP 0.9 g urea per container. The optimum fertilizer composition of growth was Urea 0.5 g/TSP 0.7 g per container. The best survival rate through a combination of Urea 0.7 g/TSP 0.9 g, density 9 ind per container, equivalent Urea 26 kg/TSP 33 kg density 333.000 ind per ha. The best growth through a combination of Urea 0.5 g/TSP 0.7 g, density 9 ind per container or Urea 19 kg/TSP 26 kg, density 333.000 ind per ha.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF Avicennia sp. FRUIT EXTRACT IN PREVENTION OF THE SPREAD OF Vibrio parahaemolyticus BACTERIA IN VANAME SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei)

AQUASAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Fadhilah Amalia Fitri ◽  
Rara Diantari ◽  
Wardiyanto Wardiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Mean Time

Vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the main aquaculture commodities in Indonesia because it has high economic value. But in the aquaculture it is known that there are diseases that cause death in shrimp before harvest time. Vibriosis is a disease caused by the Vibrio parahaemolyticus, bacteria which often attacks shrimp culture. Population control of Vibrio sp. done by giving immunostimulants and vaccines, as well as giving feed plus antibiotics. However, continuous use of antibiotics and improper doses will cause bacteria to become resistant and cause residues in the tissues. This study aims to examine the effect of Avicennia sp. fruit extract in preventing the infection of Vibrio parahae-molyticus in vaname shrimp on a laboratory scale. This study used the experimental method Complete Random Design (CRD), which consisted of five treatments with different concentrations of Avi-cennia sp. fruit extracts and three replications of individuals in the population. The results showed that Avicenniasp. fruit extract Avicennia sp. able to influence the inhibition of the growth of Vibrio parahaemolitycus bacteria and prevent the occurrence of vibriosis disease . This can be seen by the value of Relative Percent Survival (RPS) which is limitited to 50%, can slow down the time of death of the shrimp seen from the Mean Time to Death (MTD), and followed by a high  Survival Rate (SR). The concentration that most affected the treatment was the concentration of 350 mg/l.Keywords: Avicennia sp extract, vaname shrimp, Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document