scholarly journals Development and implementation of the first domestic automobile-carrying cars for the transportation of automobiles in the passenger trains

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 282-291
Author(s):  
S. L. Samoshkin ◽  
S. D. Korshunov ◽  
O. S. Samoshkin ◽  
A. G. Udel’nov ◽  
D. V. Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Repeated Impact ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Initial Batch ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
The Right

One of the activities of the JSC “FPK” is the creation of competitive advantages for passenger rail transport by formulating proposals for the provision of new services in long-distance trains. Currently, there is a need for intercity and even international transportation of automobiles for passengers traveling on long-distance trains.To resolve this issue, the JSC “FPK” developed a technical task, according to which the PKTB L JSC “RZD” designed a specialized passenger car for the transportation of automobiles in the long-distance trains. It was created on the basis of a 47D model car built in Germany, which was modernized during its overhaul.Prototype of the new car has passed a full range of tests in accordance with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union (TR CU) 001/2011 at the test center of the JSC NO “TIV”. Based on the positive results of the dynamic-strength, fireprevention, electrical and other tests, the Voronezh Car Repair Plant received from the Federal Agency for Railway Transport a certificate of compliance with the requirements of the TR CU and the right to manufacture an initial batch of cars.During impact tests, the low reliability of the standard thrustscrew fastening of the car wheels was established. In order to eliminate the noted drawback, a lock-cable mount was developed. Repeated impact tests have confirmed the effectiveness of the new wheel mounting design.Operation of the first batch of cars (8 and 5 units) showed a great demand for this type of service, especially on the directions Moscow—St. Petersburg—Moscow, Moscow—Helsinki—Moscow, Moscow—Adler—Moscow. In this regard, the issue of the development and manufacture of new cars with improved performance indicators (increasing the number of transported automobiles to 8–10 units instead of 4–5 units in the operated cars) is being worked out.

scholarly journals Aero-Thermal Design and Testing of Advanced Turbine Blades

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Haendler ◽  
D. Raake ◽  
M. Scheurlen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Optical Pyrometer ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Improved Performance

Based on the experience gained with more than 80 machines operating worldwide in 50 and 60 Hz electrical systems respectively, Siemens has developed a new generation of advanced gas turbines which yield substantially improved performance at a higher output level. This “3A-Series” comprises three gas turbine models ranging from 70 MW to 240 MW for 50 Hz and 60 Hz power generation applications. The first of the new advanced gas turbines with 170 MW and 3600 rpm was tested in the Berlin factory test facility under the full range of operation conditions. It was equipped with various measurement systems to monitor pressures, gas and metal temperatures, clearances, strains, vibrations and exhaust emissions. This paper presents the aero-thermal design procedure of the highly thermal loaded film cooled first stage blading. The predictions are compared with the extensive optical pyrometer measurements taken at the Siemens test facility on the V84.3A machine under full load conditions. The pyrometer was inserted at several locations in the turbine and radially moved giving a complete surface temperature information of the first stage vanes and blades.

Analysis of the energy harvesting potential–based suspension for truck semi-trailer

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (11) ◽  
pp. 2955-2969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed AA Abdelkareem ◽  
Mina MS Kaldas ◽  
Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali ◽  
Lin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Conflict Analysis ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Ride Quality ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Class C ◽  
The Right

As the articulated trucks are mainly used for long distance transportations, the design of the suspension system became a major concern and a research hotspot not only for ride comfort and driving safety but also for energy consumption. Therefore, the objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive parametrical–based conflict analysis between the ride comfort and road holding together with the potential power of the shock absorbers. The simulation analysis is performed using a 23 degree-of-freedom full truck semi-trailer mathematical model with random road surface model. The bounce and combined excitation modes for the truck model are applied to present the pro and contra of the simplified and realistic analysis. The bounce mode is applied for a road Class C and truck driving speed of 20 m/s, while the combined mode is performed with the same truck-speed but considering a Class C road for the left track and Class D road for the right track considering the time delay between the truck axles. The truck dynamics including the mean potential power, average dynamic tire load and bounce, and pitch and roll accelerations is comprehensively combined in the conflict analysis–based suspension and driving parameters. The obtained simulation results showed that the articulated truck suspension should be designed considering a realistic excitation condition. In contrast to the bounce mode, under the combined road input, the tractor ride quality and road handling performances are improved when a heavily damped suspension is considered. Furthermore, the otherwise dissipated energy through the damping events can reach an overall value between 2 and 4 kW.

scholarly journals The missing link - om vandrebevægelse og mangel på samme i Danmark

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Haahr
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Hiking Trails ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second World

I artiklen sættes med afsæt i fjernvandreruten fokus på, hvad det er der gør, at vi i Danmark ikke har samme vandrekultur som i vores nabolande.The Missing LinkA long-distance footpath runs from Kilpisjärvi in northern Finland to Alexandroupolis in Greece. However the track does not cross intact but is interrupted on the island of Funen in Denmark. It is no coincidence that the rupture is in Denmark, nor that it is on Funen. In this article this ‘missing link’ provides the starting point to discuss a walking culture, which in Denmark is notable by its absence.At the beginning of 20th century, thanks to the influence of neighbouring countries, the culture of walking did increasingly make itself felt in Denmark. Longer walks became popular and many Danes embarked on hiking tours, walking for several days and spending the night at special ‘vandrehjem’ (or ‘youth hostels’). Since the Second World War this culture has more or less disappeared, and the question asked here is why?The article is divided in two parts. In the first there is a historical review of the development of the Danish culture of walking from the beginning of 20th century until the late 1930’s. This is followed by a discussion of the circumstances that led to the disappearance of this walking culture, focusing on the long distance footpath. This centres on a jostling for supremacy among sporting factions and on the struggle between various outdoor interests, between different management concerns, and between farmers, the state and local authorities about who should have the right to develop and exploit the landscape in southern Funen area. In this struggle organisations representing outdoor activities have been poorly organized and until now the landscape has primary been developed on the premises of agriculture, industry and urbanism.Today the position and status of outdoor life (friluftsliv) and the culture of hiking are improving. Councils in particular are focusing on health, tourism and attracting new residents´, and there is both a political and a popular will to establish hiking trails. For the long-distance footpath these changes mean that the missing link on Funen now disappears and that the hiking trail across Europe is established.

scholarly journals ‘The Highest Attainable Standard’: The Right to Health for Refugees with Disabilities

Societies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smith-Khan ◽  
Crock
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Socioeconomic Rights ◽  
The Right

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) creates duties for States Parties and UN agencies to ensure that individuals under their protection have equal enjoyment of the full range of human rights. This includes the Article 25 right to enjoy ‘the highest attainable standard of health without discrimination on the basis of disability.’ However, refugees, who are forced to seek protection outside their state, face particular obstacles to maintaining an adequate level of wellbeing and accessing services to meet their health needs. Among this group, those who have a disability may confront multiple intersecting challenges. This paper draws on the findings of research across countries that play host to significant refugee populations. It explores the contribution of the CRPD to the international human rights framework for refugees, with particular attention to the right to health. Incorporating evidence from the field, it discusses the implementation of these rights and related duties in humanitarian responses across the world. This article discusses common barriers to health services for refugees with disabilities in six host countries. Based on the broad conceptualization of health and wellbeing established in the international legal framework, it also examines the relationship between the fulfilment of Article 25 and other basic socioeconomic rights. It provides examples of good practice and identifies strategies to better ensure the rights set out in Article 25 of the CRPD.

scholarly journals Impact of Wind Veer and the Coriolis Force for an Idealized Farm to Farm Interaction Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Eriksson ◽  
Simon-Philippe Breton ◽  
Karl Nilsson ◽  
Stefan Ivanell
Keyword(s):  
Coriolis Force ◽  
Wind Shear ◽  
Source Term ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Relative Production ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the Coriolis force on the long distance wake behind wind farms is investigated using Large Eddy Simulations (LES) combined with a Forced Boundary Layer (FBL) technique. When using the FBL technique any mean wind shear and turbulent fluctuations can be added with body forces. The wind shear can also include the mean wind veer due to the Coriolis force. The variation of the Coriolis force due to local deviations from the mean profile, e.g., from wakes, is not taken into account in the FBL. This can be corrected for with an extra source term in the equations, hereon defined as the Coriolis correction. For a row of 4 turbines it is shown that the inclusion of the wind veer turns the wake to the right, while including the Coriolis correction turns it to the left. When including both wind veer and Coriolis correction the impact of wind veer dominates. For an idealized farm to farm interaction case, two farms of 4 ∗ 4 turbines with 6 km in between, it can be seen that when including wind veer and the Coriolis correction a approximately 3% increase in the relative production for a full wake direction can be seen and only a slightly smaller increase can be seen when including only wind veer. The results indicate that FBL can be used for studies of long distance wakes without including a Coriolis correction but efforts need to be taken to use a wind shear with a correct mean wind veer.

scholarly journals P46 Swimmer’s thoracic outlet: it doesn’t have quite the same ring as tennis elbow!

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Shepherd ◽  
Nandita Pai ◽  
Ellie Potts ◽  
Ann-Maria Ahern ◽  
Swati BhagatJones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Tennis Elbow ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Arterial Flow ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background We present a case that was referred and seen in our chronic pain clinic, and highlight the importance of keeping an open mind about alternative diagnoses when reviewing these patients. Methods Please refer to the results section. Results A 12 year-old girl was referred with right sided neck and shoulder pain associated with occasional pins and needles. The patient was a competitive swimmer, training and competing five times a week at her peak. She did not have a history of mottling or colour change, and clinically she had full range of motion of her joints and no neurological deficit. On repeated assessments, she had reproducible pain on horizontal flexion and reduced muscle bulk of the right shoulder, although power was preserved. Functionally the patient had to reduce her participation in swimming due to pain, and found it difficult to carry or lift things, brush or wash her hair, or write for extended periods of time. Imaging with shoulder X-ray and shoulder and cervical spine MRI did not reveal a cause, and she did not have an anatomical variation such as a thoracic rib. Due to the reproducibility on swimming, an ultrasound looking at the insertion of the biceps insertion during dynamic movements was arranged and was also normal with no subluxation noted. As she failed to improve with chronic pain education, chronic pain approach to physiotherapy sessions and graded reintroduction of swimming, ultrasound angiology was arranged. This showed minor disease in the right subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial and ulnar arteries, with significant reduction in right brachial arterial flow with the patient supine, right arm in horizontal flexion and contralateral head turn. This suggested arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). All other positions resulted in no significant difference in arterial flow. TOS is traditionally broken into two categories – neurogenic and vascular, the latter can be broken down further into arterial or venous. While in adults, the vast majority (90-95%) present as neurogenic, in the paediatric population there is a higher proportion of vascular cases. This has implications, as vascular TOS can be complicated by vessel disease and thrombus formation. There are a number of case reports in which management is reported as decompression of the thoracic outlet with partial first rib resection, with or without scalene muscle resection. Consideration of hypercoagulable states is also warranted. We have referred our patient to the vascular team for an urgent review and await their assessment and feedback about management. Conclusion A proportion of patients managed with chronic pain syndrome will have an alternative explanation for their pain. In particular, if a patient has focal pain or pain that is reproducible on a particular movement or activity, consider alternate diagnoses. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Addressing the Central Problem in Cyber Ethics through Stories

2005 ◽  
pp. 58-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Artz
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Individual Privacy ◽  
Professional Field ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cyber Ethics

The central problem in cyber ethics is not, as many might think, how to address the problems of protecting individual privacy, or preventing software piracy, or forcing computer programmers to take responsibility for the systems that they build. These are, of course, legitimate concerns of cyber ethics, but the central problem is how you decide what the right thing to do is with regard to these issues when the consequences of any responses cannot be known in advance. Stated more clearly, the central problem in cyber ethics is - how do you establish ethical standards in a professional field that is defined by a rapidly evolving technology where the consequences of the technology and the impact of any ethical standards cannot be known in the time frame in which the standards must be established? Stories play a very important role in addressing this issue. Specifically, stories provide a means of exploring ethical issues for which the full range of consequences is not currently known. But, in order to justify this claim, a few words of explanation are in order.

Experimental Study on Skin Friction Reduction With Micro-Blowing

Volume 4 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Liu ◽  
Hongmin Li ◽  
Minel J. Braun
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Skin Friction ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Main Flow ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Set Up

Reducing skin friction, such as friction on a car hood or a plane wing, can significantly reduce the drag force and decrease specific fuel consumption. Many techniques and methods have been tried. The Micro-blowing Technique (MBT) is an innovative way to reduce skin friction. Suggested by early research in boundary layer injection in 1950s, MBT was actually brought to effective use in 1994 by Hwang [1]. The basic idea is that by blowing fluid, same as or different from the mainstream flow, at an angle with that of the main flow, a decrease in the velocity gradient at the wall can be achieved, and thus the shear stress on the surface is reduced. Although the experimental data on boundary layer with micro blowing show a significant friction reduction, the mechanism of MBT is still not well understood and thus its full range of application is not yet established. In this paper, we further the understanding of the MBT mechanism. An experimental system is set up to visualize the flow structure on a plate with and without micro blowing in a tunnel. A long distance microscope is combined with a Full Field Flow Tracking visualization method in order to elucidate the nature of the flow interaction and mixing between the blowing flow and the main flow. The flow above the porous plates is visualized and velocities both in the blowing layer immediately adjacent to the plate and in the main flow are quantified using the PIV procedure. The flow and shear stress analysis shows that MTB has significantly different effects on a flow with a boundary layer and fully developed internal flows.

Shared Corridors, Strange Bedfellows: Understanding the Interface Between Freight and Passenger Rail

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Iacobacci
Keyword(s):  
Business Community ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Commuter Rail ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Passenger Trains

This paper aims to clarify issues regarding shared rail corridors from a public policy perspective. It presents an overview of the relationships between the main stakeholders operating trains on North America’s rail networks: the railway companies that own the rail infrastructure and use it to provide freight services to shippers, and the passenger service operators—which are primarily public agencies that pay railway companies for track access and other services required to operate commuter and intercity passenger trains. The issues at stake are of concern to the policy and business community alike, because congestion on railway lines affects commuter rail, intercity passenger trains, and long-distance freight trains. In addition to the obvious economic costs of delays or less-reliable transit times in passenger and freight rail, respectively, adverse environmental and social impacts (e.g., higher accident rates on roadways) arise if either freight or passenger traffic shifts from rail to roadways. An earlier version of this paper was published by the Conference Board of Canada in September 2010.

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