Molecular Studies of Antibiotic Resistant Genes in Some Gram-Positive Bacteria Isolated from King Fahad Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2341-2347
Author(s):  
Abdulkader Shaikh Omar
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Molecular Studies

scholarly journals Antimicrobial compounds from the Kenyan Ganoderma adspersum (Schulz.) Donk species

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3390-3397
Author(s):  
Regina Kemunto Mayaka ◽  
Alice Wanjiku Njue ◽  
Moses Kiprotich Langat ◽  
Peter Kiplagat Cheplogoi ◽  
Josiah Ouma Omolo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumonia ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens has continuously increased, leading to a growing worldwide health threat due to infectious diseases. And therefore in our search for antibacterial and antifungal compounds from the polypore Ganoderma adspersum, the dried, ground fruiting bodies of G. adspersum were extracted with methanol and solvent removed in a rotary evaporator. The extract was suspended in distilled water, then partitioned using ethyl acetate solvent to obtain an ethyl acetate extract. The extract was fractionated and purified using column chromatographic method and further purification on sephadex LH20. The chemical structures were determined on the basis of NMR spectroscopic data from 1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY, and NOESY experiments. Antimicrobial activity against clinically important bacterial and fungal strains was assessed and zones of inhibition were recorded. Compound (1), ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one weakly inhibited the growth of Gram positive bacteria Streptococcus pneumonia and a fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Compounds ergosta-7,22-dien-3-ol (2) and ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol (3) also inhibited gram positive Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria.Keywords: Polypores, steroid compounds, antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Auranofin exerts broad-spectrum bactericidal activities by targeting thiol-redox homeostasis

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (14) ◽  
pp. 4453-4458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Harbut ◽  
Catherine Vilchèze ◽  
Xiaozhou Luo ◽  
Mary E. Hensler ◽  
Hui Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Bactericidal Activities ◽  
Orally Bioavailable ◽  
Thiol Redox

Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a rising public health threat and make the identification of new antibiotics a priority. From a cell-based screen for bactericidal compounds againstMycobacterium tuberculosisunder nutrient-deprivation conditions we identified auranofin, an orally bioavailable FDA-approved antirheumatic drug, as having potent bactericidal activities against both replicating and nonreplicatingM. tuberculosis. We also found that auranofin is active against other Gram-positive bacteria, includingBacillus subtilisandEnterococcus faecalis, and drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains ofEnterococcus faeciumandStaphylococcus aureus. Our biochemical studies showed that auranofin inhibits the bacterial thioredoxin reductase, a protein essential in many Gram-positive bacteria for maintaining the thiol-redox balance and protecting against reactive oxidative species. Auranofin decreases the reducing capacity of target bacteria, thereby sensitizing them to oxidative stress. Finally, auranofin was efficacious in a murine model of methicillin-resistantS. aureusinfection. These results suggest that the thioredoxin-mediated redox cascade of Gram-positive pathogens is a valid target for the development of antibacterial drugs, and that the existing clinical agent auranofin may be repurposed to aid in the treatment of several important antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of para-guanidinoethylcalix[4]arene against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Grare ◽  
Maxime Mourer ◽  
Stéphane Fontanay ◽  
Jean-Bernard Regnouf-de-Vains ◽  
Chantal Finance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

scholarly journals Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Ducrosia anethifolia in Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Ramadan Elsharkawy ◽  
Emad Mohamed Abdallah ◽  
Mohamed H. Shiboob ◽  
Suliman Alghanem
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Ducrosia anethifolia (D. anethifolia) is a drought-tolerant plant widely distributed over Arar valley at the Northern region of Saudi Arabia. The aerial parts of this plant were investigated for its phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial potential. GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract revealed the presence of some major compounds such as 8-Ethoxypsoralen (6.5%), Prangenin (6.26%), Isoaromadendrene epoxide (7.5%), Aromadendrene oxide (0.96%) and Ferulic acid methyl ester (0.46%).  FRAP and DPPH method were used to test the antioxidant capacity of ethyl acetate fraction of D. anethifolia, the results revealed the presence of high reduction capacity (EC50 equals 0.63±0.03g/L), compared with the reducing capacity of the standard ascorbic acid and quercetin which were 0.091±0.002 g/L and 0.026±0.002 g/L, respectively.  Moreover, the results of the DPPH test showed that the extract presented a remarkable antioxidant capacity with an IC50 of 0.38±0.02 g/L, This considerable antioxidant capacity is attributed to its richness of some bioactive phytochemical compounds. The antibacterial potential was evaluated by disc-diffusion test, the plant extract was tested on nine different bacterial strains. Results exhibited that, only Gram-positive bacteria recorded good to moderate susceptibility, namely Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 49461, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, which recorded 14.5, 14.0, 9.5- and 7.5-mm zone of inhibition, respectively.  In conclusion, the aerial parts of D. anethifolia are rich in some important phytochemical molecules and could be used in the formulation of antioxidant drugs. Whereas, its efficacy against some Gram-positive bacteria only should be studied in-depth. Further studies are also recommended to these phytochemical molecules against various physiological disorders and diseases.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Ticagrelor in Conventional Antiplatelet Dosages Against Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizio Lancellotti ◽  
Lucia Musumeci ◽  
Nicolas Jacques ◽  
Laurence Servais ◽  
Eric Goffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

scholarly journals Identifikasi Bakteri dengan Pewarnaan Gram pada Penderita Infeksi Mata Luar di Rumah Sakit Mata Kota Manado

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trijeri Bulele ◽  
Fredine E. S. Rares ◽  
John Porotu'o
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract: Bacteria are the main cause of external ocular infection worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the treatment according to the cause of the infection in order to prevent the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study was aimed to identify the bacteria by using the Gram staining method in patients with external ocular infections. This was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design using bacterial culture of purulent secretion obtained from conjunctival and palpebral swabs in patients with external ocular infections at Manado Eye Hospital Manado. Based on the types of external ocular infections, conjunctivitis was the leading cause (50%), followed by keratitis (30%), blepharitis (13.3%), and keratoconjunctivitis (6.7%). Females were more frequeny than males (63.3% vs 36.7%). The youngest age in this study was 9 years and the oldest was 81 years, meanwhile, the most common age group was adults >40 years. The most common type of occupation was housewives. The results of bacterial culture were as follows: 19 samples showed no growth; 6 samples (54.5%) of Gram-positive bacteria in the form of staphylococcus, coccus, diplococcus; 3 samples (27.3%) of Gram-negative bacteria in the form of bacillus; and 2 samples (18.2%) of mixed Gram positive and negative bacteria in the form of bacillus and coccus. Conclusion: Gram-positive bacterium in the form of coccus is the most common cause of external ocular infection.Keywords: external ocular infection, bacteria, Gram staining Abstrak: Bakteri ialah penyebab utama infeksi mata luar di seluruh dunia. Pengobatan yang sesuai dengan penyebab infeksi dapat mencegah munculnya bakteri yang resistan terhadap antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri dengan menggunakan metode pewarnaan Gram pada penderita infeksi mata luar. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan kultur bakteri hasil swab sekret purulen dari konjungtiva dan palpebra pada penderita infeksi mata luar di Rumah Sakit Mata Kota Manado. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa jenis infeksi mata luar terbanyak ialah konjungtivitis (50%), diikuti oleh keratitis (30%), blefaritis (13,3%), dan keratokonjungtivitis (6,7%). Perempuan lebih banyak (63,3%) menderita infeksi mata luar dibandingkan laki-laki (36,7%). Usia termuda ialah 9 tahun dan tertua 81 tahun. Kelompok usia terbanyak ialah dewasa >40 tahun. Jenis pekerjaan ibu rumah tangga yang terbanyak dibandingkan dengan pekerjaan lainnya. Hasil proses kultur mendapatkan 19 sampel tidak menunjukan adanya pertumbuhan, 6 sampel (54,5%) bakteri Gram positif dengan bentuk staphylococcus, coccus, diplococcus, 3 sampel (27,3%) bakteri Gram negatif dengan bentuk bacillus, dan 2 sampel (18.2%) campuran bakteri Gram positif dan negatif dengan bentuk bacillus dan coccus. Simpulan: Bakteri Gram positif berbentuk coccus yang paling sering menjadi penyebab infeksi mata luar.Kata kunci: infeksi mata luar, bakteri, pewarnaan Gram

scholarly journals In Vivo Pharmacodynamics of New Lipopeptide MX-2401

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 5092-5098 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Craig ◽  
D. R. Andes ◽  
T. Stamstad
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Free Drug ◽  
Dose Fractionation ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Infection Models

ABSTRACT MX-2401 is a novel lipopeptide (amphomycin analog) with a broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against Gram-positive organisms. We used murine thigh and lung infection models in neutropenic and normal mice to characterize the in vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) activities of MX-2401. The compound (2.5 to 40 mg/kg of body weight) demonstrated linear PK characterized by an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 228 to 3,265 μg·h/ml and half-lives of 5.7 to 8.8 h. MICs ranged from 0.25 to 2 μg/ml. The in vivo postantibiotic effect was prolonged (8.5 h with Staphylococcus aureus and 10.3 to 12.3 with Streptococcus pneumoniae). MX-2401 exhibited dose-dependent in vivo activity against various strains of S. pneumoniae and S. aureus; penicillin and macrolide resistance in the pneumococci and methicillin resistance in the staphylococci had no impact on the antimicrobial activity of the drug. To determine which PK/PD index correlated best with MX-2401 activity, dose fractionation studies over a 72-hour period were performed. The maximum concentration of drug in serum divided by the MIC (C max/MIC) correlated best with the efficacy for both S. aureus and S. pneumoniae. Static doses required free-drug C max/MIC values of 0.683 to 1.06. Free-drug 72-h AUC/MIC values for the static dose were in the range of 7.49 to 32.3 and were less than expected. The drug showed modest enhancement in activity in the presence of white blood cells (1.7- to 3.4-fold). The potency of the drug in the lung was only marginally lower than in the thigh (1.3- to 1.9-fold). Based on its PK/PD profile, MX-2401 appears to be a promising new lipopeptide agent for treatment of infections by Gram-positive bacteria, including those induced by antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Development of a Potent Antimicrobial Peptide With Photodynamic Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhang ◽  
Jingyi Chen ◽  
Qian Jing ◽  
Zheng Chen ◽  
Azeem Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Mouse Infection Model

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a serious challenge to medical practice worldwide. A small peptide with sequence RWRWRW was previously identified as a core antimicrobial peptide with limited antimicrobial spectrum to bacteria, especially Gram-positive bacteria. By conjugating this peptide and its analogs with lipophilic phthalocyanine (Pc), we identified a new antibiotic peptide [PcG3K5(RW)3]. The peptide demonstrates increased antimicrobial effect to both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. In addition, Pc also provides added and potent antimicrobial effect upon red light illumination. The inhibitory efficacy of PcG3K5(RW)3 was increased by ~140-fold to nanomolar range upon illumination. Moreover, PcG3K5(RW)3 was safe for mammalian cell and promoted wound healing in the mouse infection model. Our work provides a new direction to optimize antimicrobial peptides to enhance antimicrobial efficacy.

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