scholarly journals An Instrumented Assessment of Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1402-1408
Author(s):  
Shikha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
English Language ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Neurological Problem ◽  
Assessment Scales ◽  
Selection Of

Cerebral palsy is a neurological problem which mainly affects the children and is a frequent reason of physical inability. It affects both motor as well as sensory system. Due to physical disability quality treatment is required for CP children. For an effective treatment proper assessment and selection of correct assessment tool is necessary. This review was aimed to recognize the various assessment scales which are available to assess different domains in person of cerebral palsy patient along with their psychometric properties. We had done a review of literature through Cochrane library, Ovid MEDLINE and GOOGLE SCHOLAR, CINAHL till March 2020. The studies in English‐language related to the assessment scales for the cerebral palsy were reviewed. Many scales were evaluated for different symptoms and good psychometric properties in CP child. We reviewed many research and review article related to assessment for CP. Various titles, abstracts, and references were checked for the relevancy.eview was done for the assessment of alteration in muscle tone, impaired voluntary movement, pain, gross motor function, balance, cognition and gait. Cerebral palsy was the primary goal of findings in 198 studies. Out of these, 58 studies were not proved the definition of cerebral palsy. 96 studies reported assessment of cerebral palsy for different domain, 25 studies used etiology and incidence and 19 studies for other domain which are related to CP. Many cerebral palsy scales are available, but only a very small number of scales were thoroughly validated for use in clinical practice in India. This review will help therapist in selection of appropriate tool and study of various symptoms in CP child before starting the treatment.

Instruments for Measuring Satisfaction With Physical Therapy Care: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 1690-1700
Author(s):  
Daniel Gutiérrez-Sánchez ◽  
David Pérez-Cruzado ◽  
Antonio I Cuesta-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Health Measurement ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Objective Several instruments to measure patient satisfaction have been developed to assess satisfaction with physical therapy care. The selection of the most appropriate instrument is very important. The purpose of this study was to identify instruments for assessing satisfaction with physical therapy care and their psychometric properties and to evaluate the methodological quality of studies on psychometric properties. Methods A systematic search was conducted in ProQuest Medline, SciELO, ProQuest PsycINFO, Theseus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Articles published from 1990 to 2019, in English and Spanish, were used as limits. This systematic review followed the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards. The articles were evaluated by 2 independent reviewers using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments 4-point checklist. Eighteen studies were included. Results Nine instruments were found to be specifically designed to assess satisfaction with physical therapy care. The methodological quality of the studies was “fair” for most of the psychometric characteristics analyzed (43 items), with 24 properties scored as “poor,” 5 as “good,” and 3 as “excellent.” Conclusions Different instrument characteristics—such as the scope and population with which the instrument will be used, its dimensions, the number of items, and the evidence shown in the evaluation of each psychometric property—should be considered by clinicians and researchers to decide which instrument is the best to measure the construct of patient satisfaction with physical therapy. Impact Evaluating patient satisfaction is very useful in clinical practice at the hospital, community, and primary care levels. Physical therapist clinicians and researchers can use this systematic review to select instruments whose characteristics will best measure their patients’ satisfaction with physical therapy care.

Why is joint range of motion limited in patients with cerebral palsy?

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. de Bruin ◽  
M. J. C. Smeulders ◽  
M. Kreulen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Joint Range Of Motion ◽  
Joint Range ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

Patients with spastic cerebral palsy of the upper limb typically present with various problems including an impaired range of motion that affects the positioning of the upper extremity. This impaired range of motion often develops into contractures that further limit functioning of the spastic hand and arm. Understanding why these contractures develop in cerebral palsy will affect the selection of patients suitable for surgical treatment as well as the choice for specific surgical procedures. The generally accepted hypothesis in patients with spastic cerebral palsy is that the hyper-excitability of the stretch reflex combined with increased muscle tone result in extreme angles of the involved joints at rest. Ultimately, these extreme joint angles are thought to result in fixed joint postures. There is no consensus in the literature concerning the pathophysiology of this process. Several hypotheses associated with inactivity and overactivity have been tested by examining the secondary changes in spastic muscle and its surrounding tissue. All hypotheses implicate different secondary changes that consequently require different clinical approaches. In this review, the different hypotheses concerning the development of limited joint range of motion in cerebral palsy are discussed in relation to their secondary changes on the musculoskeletal system.

scholarly journals Studies on the prevalence of blindness in Ethiopia: a protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000881
Author(s):  
Merkineh Markos ◽  
Biruktawit Kefyalew ◽  
Hana Belay Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Potential Sources

IntroductionBlindness refers to a lack of vision and/or defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 3/60 in the better eye. Its highest proportion has been conforming to the developing countries such as Ethiopia. So, timely information is crucial to design strategies. However, the study on the magnitude of blindness in Ethiopia was outdated, that means it was conducted in 2005–2006. Therefore, this protocol has been proposed to estimate the pooled prevalence of blindness in Ethiopia to provide up-to-date, comprehensive evidence on this theme.Methods and analysisThe following databases will be used to search articles: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and retrieving references. Standard data extraction approach will be employed and presented using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool will be used to evaluate the quality of studies. Analysis will be held using STATA V.11. Funnel plot and Egger’s regression test will be applied to check for the potential sources of bias. Heterogeneity among the studies will be tested using Higgins method in which I² statistics will be calculated and compared with the standard. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis will be done to identify the potential sources of heterogeneity. Cross-sectional and survey studies conducted in Ethiopia and published in English language will be included.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval and consent are not required. On completion, the result will be submitted to a reputable peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberCRD42021268448.

scholarly journals Suffering measurement instruments in palliative care: protocol for a systematic psychometric review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e027524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gutiérrez Sánchez ◽  
Rafael Gómez García ◽  
Isabel María López-Medina ◽  
Antonio I Cuesta-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Cosmin Checklist ◽  
Selection Of

IntroductionThe prevention and relief of suffering are regarded as a goal at the end of life; therefore, suffering assessment at the end of life is essential. In this regard, we need instruments that allow us to evaluate this construct for gathering more evidence, as the assessment of suffering is increasingly used in research and the clinical setting. Many measures have been designed to assess this construct, and the selection of the most appropriate instrument is crucial. The aims of this systematic review are to (1) identify the measures assessing suffering in patients with advanced disease and their psychometric properties and (2) evaluate the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties.Methods and analysisThe protocol of this systematic review was developed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols Guidelines. A systematic psychometric review of measures assessing suffering in patients with advanced disease and their psychometric properties will be carried out according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). The search strategy will be performed following the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies. Searches will be conducted in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, SciELO, Open Grey, Scopus, Web of Science and COSMIN database of systematic reviews, and it will be limited by time (1980–2018) and language (only literature in English and Spanish). Literature will be evaluated by two independent reviewers according to the COSMIN checklist, and measurement properties data of each study that meet the inclusion criteria will be scored independently by two researchers according to COSMIN quality ratings.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not necessary for systematic review protocols. The results will be disseminated by publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a relevant conference.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018106488.

scholarly journals Protocol for a systematic review of preference-based instruments for measuring care-related outcomes and their suitability for the palliative care setting

BMJ Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. e012181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki McCaffrey ◽  
Hareth Al-Janabi ◽  
David Currow ◽  
Renske Hoefman ◽  
Julie Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
English Language ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Palliative Care Setting ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Palliative Setting ◽  
Selection Of

IntroductionDespite informal caregivers' integral role in supporting people affected by disease or disability, economic evaluations often ignore the costs and benefits experienced by this group, especially in the palliative setting. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify preference-based instruments for measuring care-related outcomes and provide guidance on the selection of instrument in palliative care economic evaluations.Methods and analysisA comprehensive search of the literature will be conducted from database inception (ASSIA; CINAHL; Cochrane library including DARE, NHS EED, HTA; Econlit; Embase; PsychINFO; PubMed). Published peer-reviewed, English-language articles reporting preference-based instruments for measuring care-related outcomes in any clinical area will be included. One researcher will complete the searches and screen the results for potentially eligible studies. A randomly selected subset of 10% citations will be independently screened by two researchers. Any disagreement will be resolved by consensus among the research team. Subsequently, a supplementary search will identify studies detailing the development, valuation, validation and application of the identified instruments. The degree of suitability of the instruments for palliative economic evaluations will be assessed using criteria in the International Society for Quality of Life Research minimum standards for patient-reported outcome measures, the checklist for reporting valuation studies of multiattribute utility-based instruments and information on the development of the instrument in the palliative setting. A narrative summary of the included studies and instruments will be provided; similarities and differences will be described and possible reasons for variations explored. Recommendations for practice on selection of instruments in palliative care economic analyses will be provided.Ethics and disseminationThis is a planned systematic review of published literature. Therefore, ethics approval to conduct this research is not required. Findings will be presented at leading palliative care and health economic conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberCRD42016034188.

Tauchnitz for Translators. The Circulation of English-language Literature in Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Outi Paloposki
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Book History ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Book Production ◽  
German Publisher ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Selection Of

The article looks at book production and circulation from the point of view of translators, who, as purchasers and readers of foreign-language books, are an important mediating force in the selection of literature for translation. Taking the German publisher Tauchnitz's series ‘Collection of British Authors’ and its circulation in Finland in the nineteenth and early twentieth century as a case in point, the article argues that the increased availability of English-language books facilitated the acquiring and honing of translators' language skills and gradually diminished the need for indirect translating. Book history and translation studies meet here in an examination of the role of the Collection in Finnish translators' work.

ON LITERATURE AND GRAMMAR: A Selection of Annotated Medieval and Renaissance English Texts for (Spanish) University Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Chocano Díaz ◽  
Noelia Hernando Real
Keyword(s):  
William Shakespeare ◽  
University Students ◽  
Geoffrey Chaucer ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Christopher Marlowe ◽  
Sir Philip Sidney ◽  
William Langland ◽  
Sir Thomas Wyatt ◽  
Selection Of

On Literature and Grammar gives students and instructors a carefully thought experience to combine their learning of Middle and Early Modern English and Medieval and Renaissance English Literature. The selection of texts, which include the most commonly taught works in university curricula, allows readers to understand and enjoy the evolution of the English language and the main writers and works of these periods, from William Langland to Geoffrey Chaucer, from Sir Philip Sidney to Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, and from Christopher Marlowe to William Shakespeare. Fully annotated and written to answer the real needs of current Spanish university students, these teachable texts include word-by-word translations into Present Day English and precise introductions to their linguistic and literary contexts.

A content analysis of gender representation in Malaysian children's literature

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ramesh Nair
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
English Language ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Children’S Books ◽  
Minor Characters ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Mental Schemas ◽  
Selection Of

Children's literature serves as a powerful medium through which children construct messages about their roles In society and gender Identity is often central to this construction. Although possessing mental schemas about gender differences is helpful when children organize their ideas of the world around them, problems occur when children are exposed to a constant barrage of uncompromising, gender-schematic sources that lead to stereotyping which in turn represses the full development of the child. This paper focuses on how gender is represented in a selection of Malaysian children's books published in the English language. Relying on the type of content analysis employed by previous feminist social science researchers, I explore this selection of Malaysian children's books for young children and highlight some areas of concern with regard to the construction of maleness and femaleness in these texts. The results reveal Imbalances at various levels Including the distribution of main, supporting and minor characters along gendered lines and the positioning of male and female characters In the visual Illustrations. The stereotyping of these characters In terms of their behavioural traits will be discussed with the aim of drawing attention to the need for us to take concerted measures to provide our children with books that will help them realize their potential to the fullest.

Ethnic Identity in English Language Textbooks: Considerations for a Multicultural Society

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Puspalata C A/P Suppiah ◽  
Ramesh Nair
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
English Language ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Verbal Language ◽  
Language Textbooks ◽  
Selection Of

There is evidence to suggest that young children more readily absorb the subtle messages that are encoded in any type of text and talk, and what they take away from these texts contributes in helping them develop their own identity in relation to their role in society. In this paper, we examine the construction of ethnic identity in a selection of English language textbooks targeted at young Malaysian children in primary schools. Based on a content analysis of visual and verbal language in two Primary Three English language textbooks, we report on the encoded messages that are transmitted to young Malaysian children about their place in society. The findings reveal significant imbalances in the way characters of different ethnic backgrounds are represented. This imbalance is a cause for concern as the message conveyed to young Malaysian children could be potentially damaging. Keywords: textbook, ethnicity, identity construction

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