Design, Construction and Experimental Study of a Solar Still for Brackish Water Purification under Djiboutian Climate

A single sloped solar still were designed and fabricated to operate under Djibouti city weather condition during the period April-May 2019. In this study, a single slope solar still has been constructed from materials available on the local market. Series of experiments were carried out on solar still using brackish water. Ambient temperature, water temperature in basin, absorber plate temperature, glass cover temperature and vapor temperature were measured along with the hourly water production. This study has revelead that the vapor temperature is always above that the others temperatures for all the four days of experiments. Then, the effect of water amount in the basin on productivity of solar still was investigated using different amount of water 6 L, 8 L, 10 L and 12 L. The experimental results show that the total accumulated distillate output for the single slope solar still is 2490 mL, 2390 mL, 2240 mL and 2015 mL, respectively. However, it is observed that with increase in basin water amount distillate water production decreases. On the other hand, the effect of wind speed on the daily productivity of solar still is evaluated. Experimental investigations show that the cumulative productivity increases when the wind speed average increase. Finally, water quality analyses were conducted before and after the experiments. The average analysis results obtained showed a removal efficiency of 98.16%, 98.42%, 97.43% and 95.39% for TDS, electrical conductivity, hardness water and chloride, respectively. It was also observed that data obtained of the product water were within the normal range prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO) standards.

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Experimental Study of the Operational Parameters on Low-cost Single-basin Solar Still in Jessore, Bangladesh

Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.3329/jce.v29i1.33811 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Biplob Kumar Biswasa ◽

Md Abdul Halima ◽

Shahanaz Parvina ◽

Bablu Hira Mandala ◽

Md Wasikur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Chemical Engineering ◽

Potable Water ◽

Low Cost ◽

Weather Condition ◽

Water Production ◽

Solar Still ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

Drinking Water Standard ◽

Operational Variables

Keeping in mind the growing concern of sustainability, the present study aims to develop a hands-on technique for potable water production by using a portable single-basin solar still, which is constructed with low-cost, locally available and lightweight materials. The performance of single-basin solar still were investigated using different essential operational variables, which include weather condition, water salinity, brine water depth, and addition of glass marbles as energy absorbing material. Ambient weather conditions were found to have direct effect on the productivity of the still. The solar still productivity increased by 29% when a layer of glass marbles was used. The study also showed that the daily water production increased with the decrease in the initial depth of brine water. Estimating a useful life of 4 years of the solar still, an average cost of produced potable water was defined to be BDT 0.35 per lit. In addition, some important water quality parameters were tested and compared with drinking water standard values. The obtained values were found to be in line with the drinking water standards of WHO.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2017: 3-8

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SIMULATION OF DISTILLED WATER PRODUCTION USING A TRIANGULAR SOLAR STILL － IN CASE OF A PAIKGACHA, A COASTAL AREA OF BANGLADESH －

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers Ser G (Environmental Research) ◽

10.2208/jscejer.75.i_155 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. I_155-I_163

Author(s):

Shunya KATO ◽

Hiroaki TERASAKI ◽

Tomohiro UMEMURA ◽

Rei TAKAHASHI ◽

Teruyuki FUKUHARA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coastal Area ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Water Production ◽

Solar Still

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Sustainable potable water production from conventional solar still during the winter season at Algerian dry areas: energy and exergy analysis

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry ◽

10.1007/s10973-020-10277-x ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammed El Hadi Attia ◽

A. Karthick ◽

A. Muthu Manokar ◽

Zied Driss ◽

Abd Elnaby Kabeel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Potable Water ◽

Exergy Analysis ◽

Winter Season ◽

Water Production ◽

Solar Still ◽

Dry Areas ◽

Energy And Exergy ◽

Energy And Exergy Analysis

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Effect of wind on performance of double slope solar desalination still for fresh water production.

Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research ◽

10.7770/safer-v10n1-art2541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Y. Robinson ◽

C.K. Sivakumar

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Water Production ◽

Solar Desalination

This study aimed at investigating the effect of wind for double slope solar desalination still. Two double slope solar stills were designed, constructed and experimentally tested their performance depending up on the wind. One experiment carried out with a wind speed of 4m/s and other 3m/s. The results show that the variation in wind affects the fresh water production. Double slope solar desalination still with wind speed 4m/s gives 17.8% higher productivity compare to 3m/s. Keywords: wind, freshwater production, desalination.

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Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Brackish Water Fish in the River Niger, Nigeria

Journal of Health and Pollution ◽

10.5696/2156-9614-8.17.31 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (17) ◽

pp. 31-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John P. Unyimadu ◽

Oladele Osibanjo ◽

Joshua O. Babayemi

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽

Brackish Water ◽

World Health ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Water Fish ◽

Mean Concentration ◽

River Niger ◽

Brackish Water Fish

Background. Anthropogenic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in aquatic environments poses human and ecological health risks in Nigeria. Objectives . This study determined the concentrations of PCBs in brackish water fish in the River Niger to assess the contamination status of fish consumed by the local population. Methods . The sampled fish species included Drepane africana, Mochokus niloticus, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Pristipoma jubelini, Vomer septapinis, Pseudotolithus senegalensis, Mugil cephalus, Pseudotolithus elongatus, Sphyraena piscatorum and Lutjanus goreensis, purchased from landing sites. Six fish from each species were sampled, for a total of 60 samples. Twenty-seven (27) PCB congeners, #8, #18 #28, #44, #52, #60, #77, #81, #101, #105, #114, #118, #123, #126, #128, #138, #153, #156, #157, #167, #169, #170, #180, #185, #189, #195, and #206 were screened in the fish samples using standard methods. The PCBs were identified and quantified using gas chromatography (GC) (Hewlett Packard GC 5890 series 11 with electron capture detector). Confirmation was performed using Shimadzu GCMS QP2010. Results. The sum of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Agency (ΣNOAA) PCBs occurred at the highest concentration of 1830.0±484.0 μg/kg detected in Vomer septapinis, and the lowest in Pseudotolithus senegalensis, with a mean concentration of 795±169.3 μg/kg. The concentration of dioxin-like (DL) PCBs was highest in Pristipoma jubelini (992.0±88.6 μg/kg) and lowest (285.6±81.5 μg/kg) in Drepane africana. The highest mean concentration (418.±177.6 μg/kg) of International Council for the Exploration of the Seas-7 (ICES-7) PCBs was observed in Vomer septapinis. The heavier ICES-7 congeners PCB-138, PCB-153, and PCB-180 occurred at higher concentrations compared to the lighter molecular weight ICES-7: PCB-28, PCB-52, and PCB-101. The European Union (EU) marker PCB limit of 335 μg/kg was exceeded in all the brackish water fishes with the exception of Mochokus niloticus, Pristipoma jubelini and Pseudotolithus senegalensis. Discussion . The total level of PCBs in the brackish fish samples was relatively high at >1000 μg/kg (above the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) guideline of 1000 μg/kg fresh weight). The EU guideline value for fish (220 μg/kg fresh weight) was exceeded in about 80% of the brackish fish samples studied. Conclusions. Consumption of fish from the River Niger may expose humans to polychlorinated biphenyls. In addition, since contamination of the fish samples is an indication of river contamination, river water quality is of great concern and there is a need for additional PCB data on water quality to be distributed to the community, followed by mitigation measures. Competing interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Modeling and simulation of water production for different solar still heights and condensation surfaces

10.5004/dwt.2021.26679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 213 ◽

pp. 26-34

Author(s):

Hiba Akrout ◽

◽

Khaoula Hidouri ◽

Béchir Chaouachi ◽

Romdhane Ben Slama

Keyword(s):

Modeling And Simulation ◽

Water Production ◽

Solar Still

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Study of a Hybrid Solar Absorption-Cooling and Flash-Desalination System

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13153943 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 3943

Author(s):

Nicolás Velázquez-Limón ◽

Ricardo López-Zavala ◽

Luis Hernández-Callejo ◽

Jesús A. Aguilar-Jiménez ◽

Sara Ojeda-Benítez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Storage System ◽

Coefficient Of Performance ◽

Performance Ratio ◽

World Health ◽

Water Production ◽

Solar Thermal Energy ◽

Solar Absorption ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Absorption Cooling ◽

Daily Water

In this work, the analysis of a hybrid LiBr/H2O absorption-cooling and flash-desalination system, using solar thermal energy as heat source, is presented. An absorption open-cycle with three pressure levels is used in combination with a single-stage flash-desalination process to use the coolant as product water, resulting in an increase in cooling and desalination efficiency. For the application, a 20-room coastal hotel complex in San Felipe, Baja California, Mexico, is taken as a case study and the sizing of the solar collection and storage system is carried out for the operation of the proposed hybrid system, during the summer operative period. The operational dynamics during the week with the highest ambient temperatures are presented. The dimensioning of the solar collector’s area and the energy storage resulted in a collection area of 620 m2 with 30 m3, respectively, reaching a solar fraction of 69%. The absorption-cooling subprocess showed an increase of 13.88% in the average coefficient of performance (COP) compared to conventional LiBr/H2O absorption systems. Also, considering that the system provides cooling and desalination simultaneously, the average COPG is 1.64, which is 2.27 times higher than the COP of conventional LiBr/H2O single-effect absorption units. During the critical week, the system presented a desalinated water production of 16.94 m3 with an average performance ratio (PR) of 0.83, while the average daily water production was 2406 kg/day; enough to satisfy the daily water requirements of four people in a coastal hotel in Mexico or to cover the basic services of 24 people according to the World Health Organization.

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