scholarly journals Regionale variatie in Middelnederlandse spellingsystemen

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 65-83
Author(s):  
Chris De Wulf
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Phonetic Variation ◽  
Selection Of

In this article I will focus on the dialect implications on vowel spelling in the 14th Century, which is before the onset of (spelling) standardisation processes that were spurred on by the development of printing. Central in my research is the question what historical sounds can be represented by the graphemes in use in nine cities. My method involves analysing and cataloguing grapheme-phoneme relationships of a selection of tokens taken from the fourteenth Century charter corpus CRM (Corpus Van Reenen – Mulder). More precisely, I want to find out to what extent vowel graphemes convey phonetic variation accurately across the regions.

scholarly journals Classical elements in the Serbian painting of the fourteenth century

2007 ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Gligorijevic-Maksimovic
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
14Th Century

In the early 14th century influences of a new style emanating from Constantinople contained reminiscences of classical ideas and forms (contents of compositions, the painted landscape, the human figures, genre scenes based on everyday life, classical figures, personifications and allegorical figures). Towards the end of the century classical influences in painting began to wane.

scholarly journals technical level of small-town shoemaking in Gdańsk Pomerania in the 14th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Blusiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Purposeful Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Based on the late medieval leather artefacts from Puck, Gniew, Lębork and Chojnice, an attempt was made to assess the level of shoemaking production at that time. Microscopic analyses of leather goods and production waste proved that in the field of tanning the activities related to the mechanical treatment of leather were carefully performed, although with insufficient professional knowledge concerning the process. The results of the identification of the animal origin of the leather confirmed the purposeful selection of raw material with different properties for individual footwear elements and the ability to properly cut it. The quality of the shoemaking products was highly rated in terms of technology and style. However, in the analysed collections a clearly perceptible difference in craftsmanship and assortment of products from Gniew and the other three towns was noticed.

scholarly journals Diliges proximum tuum sicut te ipsum: Nature and Love as Foundations of Human Society in the Preaching of Giordano de Pisa (14th Century)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Aléssio Alonso Alves
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Human Society ◽  
First Line ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Augustine Of Hippo ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Positive Character

The purpose of this article is to analyse how nature and love were presented and employed as foundations of human society by the Dominican friar Giordano de Pisa (c. 1260- 1311) in his preaching in the early fourteenth-century Florence, Italy. It will be analysed the reportationes of three of his sermons preached on the same liturgical date (Eighteenth Sunday after Trinity Sunday), between 1303 and 1305, which adopts as thema the verse Diliges proximum tuum sicut te ipsum (Love your neighbour as yourself); a model-sermon of the same liturgical date (c. 1267-1286) by the also Dominican Iacopo de Varazze (1228-1298); and a homily of Augustine of Hippo (354-430) from the early fifth century. Thus, it is stressed that Giordano approached the subject both by the use of an Aristotelian-naturalist theory as well as by an Augustinian-voluntarist conception, and it is concluded that the greater emphasis given to the first line of thought is due to its more positive character as regards the city, which allowed a treatment more consistent with the preaching thema and with its internal composition mechanisms.

scholarly journals Pojęcie karalnego usiłowania w doktrynie oraz ustawodawstwie miast włoskich (XIII–XIV wiek)

Prawo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 332 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Wojciech Rudnik
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The Past ◽  
Statutory Law

The notion of punishable attempt in doctrine and statutory law of Italian cities (13th–14th century) The purpose of the article is organising the past knowledge about criminal liability of the intent to commit a criminal offence. The legal construction of first offences formed in the statutes passed by Italian cities from the thirteenth to the fourteenth century. The possibility of an unfettered enactment of these legal acts was related to the autonomy of peculiar state structures — urban communes. In statutory law the elements of Roman and Lombard law articulated one another. However, these previous legal systems did not yet know the liability for attempting to commit crime as a general rule. A major influence on the activity of urban legislators was exerted by the notions framed by contemporary jurists, concerning themselves with the theoretical grounds for the institution of attempted crime. The author gives instances of legal rules, originating from the statutes of various communes, which proclaim that the intent to commit an unlawful act was punishable, despite the act itself not being committed. Der Begriff eines strafbaren Versuchs in der Doktrin und in der Gesetzgebung der italienischen Städte (13.–14. Jahrhundert) Ziel des Beitrags ist, das bisherige Wissen über die strafrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit des Vorsatzes zur Begehung einer Straftat zu organisieren. Die Konstruktion des Versuchs ein Verbrechen zu begehen, erschien zum ersten Mal in den im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert durch die italienischen Städte erlassenen Statuten. Die Möglichkeit einer ungehinderten Entstehung dieser Rechtsakte war auf die Autonomie der eigenartigen institutionellen Form — der Stadtkommunen zurückzuführen. In der Satzungsgesetzgebung verbanden sich Elemente des römischen und des langobardischen Rechts miteinander. Diese früheren Rechtssysteme kannten jedoch grundsätzlich die Verantwortlichkeit für verbrecherischen Vorsatz noch nicht. Großen Einfluss auf die Tätigkeit der städtischen Gesetzgeber übten die Ansichten der damaligen Juristen aus, die sich mit der theoretischen Begründung der Institution des Versuchs befassten. Der Autor stellt Beispiele der Vorschriften dar, die den Statuten verschiedener Kommunen zu entnehmen sind und die von der Strafbarkeit eines Versuchs, eine Straftat zu begehen, ohne dass diese vollendet wurde, zeugen.

Blanche, Two Chaucers and the Stanley Family

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-119
Author(s):  
Simon Meecham-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
History Of The Book ◽  
Cultural Milieu ◽  
House Of Fame ◽  
Textual History ◽  
History Of ◽  
John Of Gaunt ◽  
Selection Of

The textual history of The Book of the Duchess challenges many spurious traditions encouraged by the apparently disordered state of Chaucer’s texts on his death. The lack of contemporary references casts doubt on whether the poem was circulated in the fourteenth century or commissioned by John of Gaunt as an elegy for his wife. The first witnesses, in three mid-fifteenth-century manuscripts, contain substantial lacunae, ‘resolved’ in Thynne’s printed edition of 1532. This article examines Bodleian MS Fairfax 16, which bears the arms of John Stanley of Hooton, a leading court functionary from a rising family. It argues that the selection of texts in that MS reflects Stanley’s contact with a cultural milieu centred on the Duke of Suffolk, while the inclusion of The Book of the Duchess and The House of Fame may result from Suffolk’s wife Alice Chaucer making available material from her grandfather’s personal papers.

The Transformation of Private Space in the Later Middle Ages: Rooms and Living Standards in the Kingdom of Valencia (1280-1450)

2020 ◽  
pp. 009614422096799
Author(s):  
Luis Almenar Fernández ◽  
Antonio Belenguer González
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Private Space ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Selection Of

This article undertakes a quantitative and qualitative analysis of probate inventories from a selection of towns and highly urbanized areas from the kingdom of Valencia in the period 1280-1460, which are used to explore the inner distribution of more than 300 housings. Agreeing with the historiographical statement that this period was one of general improvement as to living standards and housing, this article reveals Valencian dwellings were provided with more specialized rooms since the late fourteenth century. This phenomenon was present particularly in the residences of townspeople living in large urban centers. Despite the predominant spatial simplicity of most late medieval housings, this article suggests more people enjoyed a more complex private space, which agreed with the needs of ostentation and privacy that characterized the new domestic culture that developed in the period.

scholarly journals Prayers pro remedio animae at 14th-century Kotor

Balcanica ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 273-284
Author(s):  
Valentina Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Masses

With the growing belief in the reality of purgatory in medieval times, the hope was also rising of the salvation of the souls dwelling in that abode. By the fourteenth century the concept of purgatory had already been developed, and prayers, services and charitable acts came to be regarded as the most efficient aid to the souls of the dead. The hopes that people coping with the imminence of death placed in the effectiveness of prayers and masses pro remedio animae, and the belief in the existence of purgatory will be discussed by using the example of Kotor in the first half of the fourteenth century, on the basis of wall-paintings and wills. In the first decades of the fourteenth century the souls of the dead were depicted in the scene of the General Resurrection included in the Crucifixion painted in the apse of the Collegiata of St Mary at Kotor. In the context of eucharistic and soteriological symbolism of the iconographic programme of the apse, the motif of the General Resurrection - the souls of the dead depicted as babies that, wrapped in swaddling clothes, emerge from their sarcophagi explicitly expresses the idea of supplication. But the people's concern with the effectiveness of prayers for the deliverance of souls from purgatory is fully confirmed by the surviving wills dating to the 1320s and 1330s. Every citizen of Kotor could order in his will that masses, commemoration services and prayers for the salvation of his soul and the souls of his ancestors should be offered. The number and solemnity of the masses and prayers depended on the amount of money a person was able to set aside for that purpose. The imminence of death, timens mori, made people think of repentance. Still, the conventional formulae of testamentary provisions for pias causas reveal a genuine fear that death may catch them unprepared, i.e. with no charitable acts, with no repentance and, especially, with no insurance that their souls will be delivered from purgatory through masses and prayers.

A Fourteenth-century Coat of Arms identified

1951 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
S. C. Kaines Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Reasonable Doubt ◽  
The South ◽  
Coats Of Arms ◽  
Selection Of

In Heraldry from Military Monuments before 1350 (Harl. Soc, vol. xcviii) the late Rev. Henry Lawrance listed, on p. 51, six coats for which no satisfactory identification had been offered. One of these, ‘…in the quarter an eagle displayed…’, is on the shield of a recumbent effigy in the south transept of Minchinhampton church (pl. xx, a and b). From the style of the armour and the architecture of the tomb-recess, the monument may be dated c. 1330–5 (Ida M. Roper, Monumental Effigies of Gloucestershire and Bristol).The only other survival of these arms so far known is in the east window of Bristol Cathedral (pl. xx, c), where it is one of seventeen coats of arms in the glass of the tracery, headed by England, Maurice de Berkeley of Stoke Giffard and Brimsfield, and his brother Thomas, Lord Berkeley (d. 1361), in that order, the selection of the remaining coats being clearly made from among the associates of Lord Berkeley and his brother. The date of this glass is c. 1350. Among the coats included are those of Sir Thomas de Bradeston and Sir Simon Basset of Uley, both near neighbours of Minchinhampton. There can be no reasonable doubt that the arms here shown with the tinctures Gules, on a quarter argent an eagle displayed, are those of the same family, and probably of the same person as the effigy at Minchinhampton. Unfortunately the eagle is not leaded, but is in yellow stain, thus appearing as gold on silver; and as this was not an uncommon makeshift in the early days of the use of yellow stain, the colour of the eagle remains undetermined.

The So-Called ‘Chaucer Astrolabe’ from the Koelliker Collection, Milan

Nuncius ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Bennett ◽  
Giorgio Strano
Keyword(s):  
14Th Century ◽  
Selection Of

The so-called “Chaucer Astrolabe” from the Koelliker collection, Milan, is a remarkable 14th-century English instrument. In addition to recounting its recent story and expounding its detailed description, this article offers a multi-sided approach to the object. The instrument is examined in relation to some of the early manuscript copies and to other astrolabes that have most commonly been seen as linked to Geoffrey Chaucer’s Treatise on the Astrolabe. In particular, the article provides stylistic and astronomical analyses through comparisons with the illustrations in the early copies of the Treatise, a selection of very similar instruments, and the data of the Pseudo-Messahalla star table. This multi-sided approach has some implications for existing scholarship on the astrolabes in the Chaucer tradition.

scholarly journals Damast i vez iz druge polovine 15. stoljeća na misnom ornatu u Franjevačkom samostanu u Hvaru

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Silvija Banić
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Selection Of

The sacristy of the Franciscan church of Our Lady of Mercy in Hvar houses a set of liturgical vestments consisting of four parts - two stoles, a maniple and a chasuble. All parts are made from green silk damask, while only the chasuble was decorated with embroidery which forms a Tau cross on the front and a Latin cross at the back of the chasuble. While the cross-arms are filled with a series of large and small knotted rings - the former framing the busts of saints and the latter heraldic features - the strip around the neckline of the chasuble is embroidered with a hunting scene. Although these  embroidered details have not been overlooked (a number of photographs have been published and the embroidery has been dated to the fourteenth century), the green damask did not attract attention. This article presents an analysis of this liturgical vestment which starts with a detailed examination of the damask fabric, and continues with its identification, description and comparison with a selection of similar examples. The suggested place of its provenance is Florence and the proposed date is the last quarter of the fifteenth century. These conclusions are followed by the analysis of the embroidered parts, for which a local provenance is suggested. The article confirms that the embroidery has been preserved on its original green silk damask background. On the basis of its construction and the preserved selvedge, it is concluded that the fabric was produced around the same time as the above analysed and dated damask. Due to the fact that it has not been  possible to decipher the pattern of the damask underneath the embroidery, a key feature for a more precise dating, the suggested date for this fabric is somewhat wider - the second half of the fifteenth century. The archaic nature of the embroidered saints, which has been the reason for the fourteenth-century date, is interpreted as a possible imitation of an older embroidery.

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