De samenstelling van de regering en het Belgische belastingbeleid : Een empirisch onderzoek over de periode 1965-1995

Res Publica ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Frank Van Driessche ◽  
Astrid Heyndels

We analyse whether Belgian (federal) tax policy over the period 1965-1995 was affected by the ideological position of the government. Both the level and composition of taxation are considered. We find no significant ideological effect on the level of the tax burden. The burden has increased systematically over most of the period, irrespective of the ideology of the incumbent. Considering individual tax categories, one can find a significant ideological influence for taxes on financial and capital transactions. Under centre-left oriented governments this tax is lowered whereas it increases under centre-right governments.  A possible explanation is that centre-left governments try to stimulate households' wealth acquisition by keeping taxes on transactions of immovable properties low.

Author(s):  
Nur Erma Suryani Mohd Jamel ◽  
Nadiah Abd Hamid ◽  
Siti Norhayati Zawawi

Objective - Since the 70s, the Malaysian government has been focusing on sustainable development to improve society's economic well-being. In September 2015, Malaysia reaffirmed this commitment with the other United Nations countries by putting the 2030 Agenda for 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into action and focusing on the bottom 40% households (B40). Unfortunately, the implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on 1 April 2015 and followed by the Sales and Services Tax (SST) 2.0 on 1 September 2018 has impacted all income groups, especially the B40, with a claim that indirect tax is regressive and burdensome (MIER, 2018). Hence, the present study aims to analyse SST 2.0 tax burden using the elements of the guiding principles of good tax policy. Methodology/Technique - In this quantitative study, the researchers distributed questionnaires to the B40, M40, and T20 groups throughout Malaysia. Evidently, the government should consider reducing the SST 2.0 tax rate to minimise the tax burden of all groups of income earners based on the ability to pay. Findings - Furthermore, the efficiency of tax administrations is vital to strengthen the enforcement function in controlling the prices of goods and services. The findings can provide useful feedback to policymakers and tax authorities in designing a progressive indirect tax. Novelty - The policymakers should also consider the new SST model and propose relevant social safety net programmes to enhance economic well-being and eradicate inequity. Type of Paper - Empirical. Keywords: SST 2.0; GST; Tax Burden; B40; Guiding Principles of Good Tax Policy. JEL Classification: H31.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Gideon J. ◽  
Edgar H. ◽  
Ivan I. ◽  
Nabil N. ◽  
Aptina A. ◽  
...  

<p>People Tax is the main source of state income. The better the tax policy of a country, the better the development of a country. One of the factors that influence the level of public awareness in paying taxes is corruption. Study shows that tax collection is one of them influenced by corruption. In the data of Corruption Perceptions Index 2016 reported by Transparency International, Indonesia is ranked 90 out of 176 countries. Tax evasion is a serious problem for many countries. Every year, the government loses revenue potential as many residents evade taxes in various ways. For this reason, the government implements tax amnesty. Tax amnesty is designed to permanently reduce the amount of underground economy activity, thereby increasing tax revenues in the future and developing countries can grow well.</p>


1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
JOHN G. GURLEY

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351
Author(s):  
LEONARD L. SILVERSTEIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-485
Author(s):  
Ralf Banken

AbstractIn addition to the well-known mefo bills and other types of state debts, National Socialist tax policy was also of great importance for the financing of armament before the war began. Nevertheless, the leaders of the Nazi regime could not agree on the general course of tax policy due to the already high tax burden since spring 1935. As the Reich Ministry of Finance was only able to push through a few small tax increases despite a stricter tax collection practice, the tax coverage of Reich expenditures sank further and further and the short-term national debt increased. This development led to a severe liquidity crisis of the Reich’s finances in 1938 due to the ever accelerating armament, which was overcome for the time being mainly by issuing short-term treasury bonds. This ad hoc solution became entrenched during the war due to those groups in the Nazi regime that continued to block tax policy and formed the basis for the silent financing of the war.


Author(s):  
Nur Erma Mohamed Jamel ◽  
Nadiah Abd Hamid ◽  
Sarini Azizan ◽  
Roshayani Arshad ◽  
Rani Diana Othman ◽  
...  

Since the 70s, the focus of the Malaysian government on sustainable development is to improve the economic well-being of its society. In September 2015, Malaysia reaffirmed this commitment with the other United Nations countries by implementing the 2030 Agenda for 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on the bottom 40% of households (B40). Unfortunately, the implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on 1st April 2015, followed by Sales and Services Tax (SST) 2.0 on 1st September 2018 impacted all income groups especially B40. The public especially B40 claimed that indirect tax is regressive and burdensome (MIER, 2018). Hence, the present study aims to identify the existence of SST 2.0's tax burden assessing through the relationship between elements of guiding principles of good tax policy. Keywords: Sales and Service Tax, enforcement, regressive, tax burden, fairness.


BESTUUR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Siti Rahma Novikasari ◽  
Duc Quang Ly ◽  
Kerry Gershaneck

<p>Government Regulation No. 46/2013 has not been optimal in providing legal compliance on taxation for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), especially in Yogyakarta. This policy was evaluated and amended with Government Regulation No. 23/2018. The amendment in tax policy for MSME actors was this research background to examine: First, how does the final income tax policy impact MSME taxpayers' compliance in Yogyakarta? Second, what are the legal compliance constraints of MSME taxpayers? The method used in this research was a juridical empirical, supported with the statute and conceptual approach. The results showed that the amendment in the final income tax tariff policy from 1% to 0.5%, as well as provide legal certainty of the timeframe of taxation had a positive impact on increasing taxpayer compliance. There was an increase in the number of taxpayers to 41,000 in 2019, or an increase of 15.5% compared to the number of taxpayers in 2017. However, tariff reduction has not been the answer to taxpayer non-compliance, the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Taxes of the Special Region of Yogyakarta still found tax avoidance. Tax compliance constraints were also caused by taxpayers' distrust of the government, poor tax morale, and tax knowledge. The government needs to conduct a cooperative compliance approach in taxation policies based on trust and dialogue between taxpayers and the government to improve MSME taxpayer compliance.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Tax Compliance; Final Income Tax Regulation; Micro; Small; Medium Enterprises.</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Maria R.U.D. Tambunan

ABSTRACTThis article is a critical review and as a means of lesson learned for Indonesia taxation system based on the taxation reform undertaken by Norwegian government as a member of welfare state and OECD, that is considered as a country with high tax ratio. It is also a state which has succeed to realize welfare and income distribution without distort domestic economic stabilization. In this article, it is discussed how the Norwegian government fully aware of the role of tax reform as a mandatory task to reach the state objective by optimizing taxation as instrument of social welfare, productivity improvement and stimulus to realize friendly investment environment. Several tax reform agendas such as reduction of corporate income tax, prevention on profit shifting and until the optimization of the use of big data to support the tax reform. Indonesia on its tax reform agenda which has been commenced in 1983 has transformed significantly for many aspects such as administrative affairs and the way the government to implement the tax policy. These measures have aligned with global tax trend. However, several works remain such less optimize tax ratio during the last one decade.Keywords: tax reform, taxation system, tax administration, tax compliance, tax policy ABSTRAKArtikel ini merupakan critical review sekaligus sebagai sarana pembelajaran bagi sistem perpajakan di Indonesia atas reformasi sistem perpajakan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Norwegia sebagai salah satu dari kelompok negara welfare state yang oleh OECD dinilai berhasil memiliki tax ratio yang cukup tinggi sekaligus mampu menciptakan pemerataan penghasilan tanpa mendistorsi kegiatan ekonomi domestik.  Dalam artikel ini diuraikan bagaimana pemerintah Norwegia memahami sepenuhnya bahwa reformasi pajak merupakan suatu keniscayaan untuk mencapai tujuan negara yaitu menggunakan instrumen pajak sebagai instrumen pemerataan sosial, peningkatan produktivitas dan stimulus untuk mewujudkan lingkungan ekonomi yang ramah terhadap investasi. Beberapa agenda reformasi yang diulas seperti kebijakan penurunan tarif pajak penghasilan korporasi, pencegahan terjadinya profit shifting hingga pengoptimalan penggunaan teknologi dan big data dalam sistem perpajakan. Indonesia dalam perjalanan reformasi perpajakan sejak 1983 telah mengalami perubahan yang cukup signifikan baik dalam hal administrasi dan implementasi kebijakan pajak sesuai dengan tren reformasi perpajakan global. Namun, catatan penting dalam perjalanan reformasi perpajakan Indonesia adalah masih rendahnya tingkat kepatuhan dan masih rendahnya tax ratio Indonesia dalam kurun waktu satu decade terakhirKata kunci: reformasi perpajakan, sistem perpajakan, administrasi perpajakan, kepatuhan, kebijakan pajak.


Author(s):  
Ömer Faruk Batırel

This chapter first discusses the Turkish tax policy performance for the period of 2004-2013 in terms of equitable distribution of tax burdens. Then, it examines tax expenditures, which are believed to be one of the main sources of inequity in tax burden distribution, in terms of equity and fiscal transparency grounds. The chapter also estimates tax expenditure figures based on very limited data in Turkey. One of the main findings of the chapter is that because fiscal transparency and non-discrimination principles of taxation are violated in Turkey, there are considerable amount of hidden tax reliefs that are not counted as tax expenditures in the Turkish tax system.


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