scholarly journals The structure of Albanian personality descriptive trait-adjectives: A psycho-lexically based taxonomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rudina Ademi Shala ◽  
Boele De Raad ◽  
Aliriza Arënliu
Keyword(s):  
Data Structures ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Full List ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Rating Process ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Selection Of

In this study, we describe the taxonomy of personality descriptive trait terms in the Albanian language according to the psycho-lexical procedure, in two parts. In the first part the selection of trait terms from a standard Albanian dictionary took place, largely according to standard procedures. This resulted in a useful set of 607 personality relevant terms. In the second part this list of trait terms was administered to 497 participants to obtain self-ratings. During the rating process, participants could indicate their familiarity with the terms, leading to another reduction to a final set of 434 trait terms with self-ratings. Principal Components Analysis followed by Varimax rotation was applied both using raw data and using ipsatized data. Structures with one up to seven factors were discussed and represented in a hierarchy of factor solutions. As an aid to the interpretation of the factors, use was made of markers of the Big Five, selected from the full list of 434 terms. The most comprehensive and clearest structure was found with seven factors, which included the Big Five and both Negative Valence and Positive Valence.

Stability and Factor Structure of the Jackson Personality Inventory-Revised

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Doster ◽  
Susan E. Wilcox ◽  
Paul L. Lambert ◽  
Maria F. Rubino-Watkins ◽  
Arthur J. Goven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuing Education ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Interpersonal Patterns ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Patterns Of Interaction

The Jackson Personality Inventory-Revised comprises 15 bipolar scales and five cluster scores concerning an individual's interpersonal patterns of interaction, cognitive styles, and value orientation. Recent reviews of this revised version raise questions about test-retest stability as well as the factor structure on which cluster scores are based. 74 men and 33 women (29–63 years of age, M = 42.3) completed the inventory while participating in a continuing education program. Of these 45 participated in a second session 13 wk. later. Test-retest correlations are significant, with 12 of the 15 scales having correlations > .75. Intercorrelations among all subscales indicate that the Jackson subscales for the most part remain distinct from each other ranging from .01 to .59. A Principal Components Analysis with a varimax rotation yielded three factors that parallel the NEO big five, i.e., Openness, Neuroticism, and Extroversion and replicated previous factor structure found for both versions of the Jackson inventory. The fourth and fifth factors here were labeled Trustworthy and Organization; however, the composition of these factors across several studies appears to be unstable, suggesting optimal certainty when interpreting the clusters of subscales associated only with Openness, Neuroticism, and Extroversion. Further research may help clarify the instability associated with the other factors of this inventory.

Why Some Students Adjust Easily While Others Can Not? Stress and Adjustment to University: Personality as Moderator

2021 ◽  
pp. 152102512110021
Author(s):  
Ayşe I. Kural ◽  
Berrin Özyurt
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Predictive Utility ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
University Adjustment ◽  
Moderating Role

Research has demonstrated consistently that personality and perceived stress, independently, are essential factors for university adjustment among university freshmen; however, little is known about the associations between personality, perceived stress, and adjustment together. Our primary goal was to explore the predictive utility of perceived stress for explaining university adjustment among university freshmen ( N = 290). We also tested the moderating role of personality traits and this research was embedded within a Big Five model of personality including the sixth trait for Turkish context, ‘Negative Valence’. Results addressed that only conscientiousness and negative valence moderated the perceived stress and adjustment association. Students high on negative valence and/or conscientiousness tended to experience the detrimental effect of perceived stress on university adjustment more due to their personality. These results suggested that personality might be an important factor to include in adjustment fostering interventions for freshmen at universities.

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Angiogenesis and Neuroplasticity as Promising Clinical Tools for Stroke Recovery Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3949
Author(s):  
Lidia Wlodarczyk ◽  
Rafal Szelenberger ◽  
Natalia Cichon ◽  
Joanna Saluk-Bijak ◽  
Michal Bijak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Current State ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Clinical Tools ◽  
Selection Of

Several key issues impact the clinical practice of stroke rehabilitation including a patient’s medical history, stroke experience, the potential for recovery, and the selection of the most effective type of therapy. Until clinicians have answers to these concerns, the treatment and rehabilitation are rather intuitive, with standard procedures carried out based on subjective estimations using clinical scales. Therefore, there is a need to find biomarkers that could predict brain recovery potential in stroke patients. This review aims to present the current state-of-the-art stroke recovery biomarkers that could be used in clinical practice. The revision of biochemical biomarkers has been developed based on stroke recovery processes: angiogenesis and neuroplasticity. This paper provides an overview of the biomarkers that are considered to be ready-to-use in clinical practice and others, considered as future tools. Furthermore, this review shows the utility of biomarkers in the development of the concept of personalized medicine. Enhancing brain neuroplasticity and rehabilitation facilitation are crucial concerns not only after stroke, but in all central nervous system diseases.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: When Symmetric and Curved Visual Contour Meet Intentional Instructions: Hedonic Value and Preference

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110215
Author(s):  
Erick G. Chuquichambi Apaza ◽  
Guido B. Corradi ◽  
Enric Munar ◽  
Jaume Rosselló-Mir
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Hedonic Tone ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Visual Contour ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Positive And Negative Valence ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

Symmetry and contour take part in shaping visual preference. However, less is known about their combined contribution to preference. We examined the hedonic tone and preference triggered by the interaction of symmetry and contour. Symmetric/curved, symmetric/sharp-angled, asymmetric/curved, and asymmetric/sharp-angled stimuli were presented in an implicit and explicit task. The implicit task consisted of an affective stimulus-response compatibility task where participants matched the stimuli with positive and negative valence response cues. The explicit task recorded liking ratings from the same stimuli. We used instructed mindset to induce participants to focus on symmetry or contour in different parts of the experimental session. We found an implicit compatibility of symmetry and curvature with positive hedonic tone. Explicit results showed preference for symmetry and curvature. In both tasks, symmetry and curvature showed a cumulative interaction, with a larger contribution of symmetry to the overall effect. While symmetric and asymmetric stimuli contributed to the implicit positive valence of symmetry, the effect of curvature was mainly caused by inclination toward curved contours rather than rejection of sharp-angled contours. We did not find any correlation between implicit and explicit measures, suggesting that they may involve different cognitive processing.

Emotionality effects in ambiguous word recognition: The crucial role of the affective congruence between distinct meanings of ambiguous words

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182199000
Author(s):  
Pilar Ferré ◽  
Juan Haro ◽  
Daniel Huete-Pérez ◽  
Isabel Fraga
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Ambiguous Word ◽  
Semantic Ambiguity ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Ambiguous Words ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Affective Meanings ◽  
Valence Effect ◽  
Affective Word

There is substantial evidence that affectively charged words (e.g., party or gun) are processed differently from neutral words (e.g., pen), although there are also inconsistent findings in the field. Some lexical or semantic variables might explain such inconsistencies, due to the possible modulation of affective word processing by these variables. The aim of the present study was to examine the extent to which affective word processing is modulated by semantic ambiguity. We conducted a large lexical decision study including semantically ambiguous words (e.g., cataract) and semantically unambiguous words (e.g., terrorism), analysing the extent to which reaction times (RTs) were influenced by their affective properties. The findings revealed a valence effect in which positive valence made RTs faster, whereas negative valence slowed them. The valence effect diminished as the semantic ambiguity of words increased. This decrease did not affect all ambiguous words, but was observed mainly in ambiguous words with incongruent affective meanings. These results highlight the need to consider the affective properties of the distinct meanings of ambiguous words in research on affective word processing.

scholarly journals Conscientiousness as a Predictor of Relative Longevity

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Felix Uchechukwu Udoh ◽  
Aloysius C. Anyichie
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
The People ◽  
Selection Of

<p>This study examined the Conscientiousness domain (of the Big-Five Inventory [B5]) and its facets as predictors of Relative Longevity (RL). Its methods of investigation involved the administration of the B5 to a sample of 350 people from Anambra State (of Nigeria, West Africa) who had RL. These participants were drawn from the representative towns of the three senatorial zones in the State. Stratified sampling technique was employed in the selection of the respondents. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation analysis and Multiple Regression analysis were used in data analyses. The results of the research indicated that there was no significant correlation between Conscientiousness domain and RL. However, its (Conscientiousness) facet (of Thorough) correlated significantly with RL. Besides, Conscientiousness did not predict RL, but its facets (Thorough, Reliable, Organized, and Goal-directed) were found to be significant predictors of RL. The study’s conclusion is that although Conscientiousness was neither a correlate nor a predictor of RL among the people of Anambra State, some of its Facets were (correlate and/or predictor/s).</p>

scholarly journals Roles in violent interactions in early adolescence: Relations with personality traits, friendship and gender

Psihologija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
Petar Colovic ◽  
Jasmina Kodzopeljic ◽  
Dusanka Mitrovic ◽  
Bojana Dinic ◽  
Snezana Smederevac
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
School Students ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Bully Victims ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
And Gender

The aim of this study is to examine the relations between roles in violent interactions and personality traits (congruent to dimensions of Big Seven lexical model), number of friends, and gender. The study was conducted on a sample of 1095 elementary school students from Serbia (51.4% female), aged 11-14. The results revealed that membership in the victims group corresponds to smaller number of friends, low Extraversion, high Neuroticism and Conscientiousness and male gender, while higher Aggressiveness, Negative and Positive Valence, lower Neuroticism, and male gender increase the odds of membership in the bullies group. The role of bully-victims corresponds to smaller number of friends, higher Negative Valence and Neuroticism, and male gender. The results point to differences between roles in violent interaction with regard to patterns of personality traits and social behavior.

scholarly journals When Symmetric and Curved Visual Contour Meet Intentional Instructions: Hedonic Value and Preference

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Gustavo Chuquichambi ◽  
Guido Corradi ◽  
Jaume Rossello ◽  
Enric Munar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Hedonic Tone ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Visual Contour ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Positive And Negative Valence ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Explicit Measures

Symmetry and contour take part in shaping visual preference. However, less is known about their combined contribution to preference. We examined the hedonic tone and preference triggered by the interaction of symmetry and contour. Symmetric/curved, symmetric/sharp-angled, asymmetric/curved, and asymmetric/sharp-angled stimuli were presented in an implicit and explicit task. The implicit task consisted of an affective stimulus-response compatibility task where participants matched the stimuli with positive and negative valence response cues. The explicit task recorded liking ratings from the same stimuli. We used instructed mindset to induce participants to focus on symmetry or contour in different parts of the experimental session. We found an implicit compatibility of symmetry and curvature with positive hedonic tone. Explicit results showed preference for symmetry and curvature. In both tasks, symmetry and curvature showed a cumulative interaction, with a larger contribution of symmetry to the overall effect. While symmetric and asymmetric stimuli contributed to the implicit positive valence of symmetry, the effect of curvature was mainly caused by inclination toward curved contours rather than rejection of sharp-angled contours. We did not find any correlation between implicit and explicit measures, suggesting that they may involve different cognitive processing.

scholarly journals Position of aggressiveness in common latent space of PEN model and model Big Five Plus Two

Psihologija ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-310
Author(s):  
Bojana Dinic ◽  
Snezana Smederevac
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire

The purpose of this research was to examine the relations between different aspects of aggressiveness and personality traits. Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), which represent psychobiological model, and inventory Big Five Plus Two Inventory (BF+2), which represent psycholexical model of personality in Serbian language, were administered to 478 participants. The results revealed that affective impulsive aggressiveness and predatory or instrumental aggressiveness could be identified in the aggressiveness - personality traits relationships. Those aspects of aggressiveness could take manifest or latent character. As expected, Psychoticism from EPQ, Aggressiveness, and Negative Valence from BF+2 showed a significant contribution to all identified forms, except for Aggressiveness in relations with ?acting out? physical aggression. Although these personality traits carry out significant loadings, these loadings were not always the highest. Affective-impulsive aggressiveness, which was mainly determined by the components of latent domain AQ, was related to Neuroticism from both models. The remaining forms of manifest aggressiveness were related to low Consciousness, whereas Physical aggression is connected to Extraversion and Oppennes. This connection represents possible ?acting out? reaction or more frequent tendency of impulsive physical aggression. The results showed that aggressiveness represents a multidimensional construct which could be explained by specific constellation of personality traits, depending which aspects of aggressivenes are of interest.

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