scholarly journals APPLICATION OF LABELING ALGORITHM TO AWGNI SENTENCES CLASSIFIED BY THEIR STRUCTURE

LITERA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-377
Author(s):  
Berhanu Asaye Agajie
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Object Representations ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Determiner Phrase ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Labeling Algorithm

Awgni is spoken by more than one million people in a widespread area in northwest Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to apply Labeling Algorithm {XP, YP} to examine Syntactic Object representations found in Awgni sentences contained by their structure. A descriptive design and purposive sampling technique were used to look at research objective. Tools used during collecting data were interview and focused group discussion. The finding showed that simple sentence structures of Awgni have no more than one Verbal head. On the other hand, compound, complex and compound complex sentence may perhaps have two and more verbal heads in their hierarchical structures. Sentences in terms of their outward appearances, structure, syntactic entity expressions they enclose were dissimilar. Thus, every sentence structure has phrasal categories that include Determiner Phrase (DP), Prepositional phrase (PP), Noun Phrase (NP), Adverb Phrase (ADVP), Verb Phrase (VP) and Adjective Phrase (AP). As a final point, it is suggested that a further research on how Labeling Algorithm {XP, H} and {X, Y} applies to examine Syntactic Object representations found within simple, compound, complex and compound complex sentences of Awgni.     Keywords: Awgni, Labeling Algorithm, syntactic object, sentence PENERAPAN LABEL ALGORITMA DALAM KLASIFIKASI STRUKTUR KALIMAT BAHASA AWGNIAbstrak               Awgni dituturkan oleh sekitar satu juta orang di daerah yang tersebar luas di barat laut Ethiopia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menerapkan Labeling Algorithm {XP, YP} untuk menguji representasi Objek Sintaksis yang terdapat pada kalimat Awgni yang dikandung oleh strukturnya. Desain deskriptif dan teknik purposive sampling digunakan untuk melihat tujuan penelitian. Alat yang digunakan selama pengumpulan data adalah wawancara dan diskusi kelompok terfokus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur kalimat sederhana Awgni tidak lebih dari satu kepala Verbal. Di sisi lain, kalimat majemuk, kompleks, dan majemuk mungkin memiliki dua atau lebih kepala verbal. Kalimat dalam hal penampilan luar, struktur, ekspresi entitas sintaksis yang mereka lampirkan tidak sama. Dengan demikian, setiap struktur kalimat memiliki kategori frasa yang meliputi Determiner Phrase (DP), Prepositional phrase (PP), Noun Phrase (NP), Adverb Phrase (ADVP), Verb Phrase (VP) dan Adjective Phrase (AP). Sebagai poin akhir, direkomendasikan untuk penelitian lebih lanjut tentang bagaimana Labeling Algorithm {XP, H} dan {X, Y} berlaku untuk memeriksa Objek Sintaksis yang ditemukan dalam kalimat sederhana, majemuk, kompleks dan kompleks majemuk dari Awgni. Kata kunci: Awgni, label algoritma, objek sintakis, kalimat

scholarly journals Phrase and Clause Usage in Michael Jackson’s Song Lyrics

Lexicon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adi Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Relative Clause ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
The World ◽  
Song Lyrics ◽  
Adverbial Clause ◽  
Michael Jackson

This research aims to find out the usage of phrase and clause types that are found in Michael Jackson song-lyrics such as Billie Jean, Beat It, Black or White, Dirty Diana, Earth Song, Heal the World, Man in the Mirror, Smooth Criminal, They Don’t Really Care About Us, and Thriller. The phrase and clause types are based on Eastwood’s categories. The phrase is divided into five types: (1) verb phrase, (2) noun phrase, (3) adjective phrase, (4) adverb phrase and (5) prepositional phrase, while the clause is divided into two types, namely main clause and sub clause. There are also four types of sub clause: (1) adverbial clause, (2) conditional clause, (3) noun clause, (4) and relative clause. This categorization can find out the usage of grammatical pattern in the sentence. In the analysis, the findings of phrases and clauses show that the most dominant number are noun phrase (51.94%) and main clause (63.74%).

scholarly journals THE PHRASES IN KARO LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Herlina Ginting ◽  
Adelina Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Verb Phrase

This study describes the various types and the function of phrase in Karo language. Based on the form, phrase can be distinguished into coordinative phrase, modifier phrase, and exocentric phrase. Based on the function, phrase can be distinguished into (1) noun phrase which function as a subject or an object, (2) verb phrase as a predicate, (3) adjective phrase as a noun modifier, (4) adverb phrase or prepositional phrase as a verb modifier

scholarly journals L’expression de l’opinion

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Ana Zwitter Vitez
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Opinion Expression ◽  
The Face ◽  
Research Challenge

Users of forums, social networks and news portals now have the opportunity to publicly express their opinions on current political events, social issues, or their everyday lives. The analysis of opinion expression, which primarily represented a research topic in the field of language learning, has now become an important research challenge in the field of computational linguistics, which provides relevant solutions for various companies and organizations. The aim of this article is to analyse messages by which users of the social network Twitter reacted to an incident in which Emmanuel Macron was slapped in the face by a man as he went out to meet the public. We analysed the tweets that express agreement, disagreement and a neutral attitude towards the action. The analysis includes 80 tweets and refers to the textual, syntactic and lexical levels. The results show that tweets expressing disagreement have a typical declarative or exclamatory form, simple sentence structure and include explicit vocabulary expressing the author’s opinion (shameful, disrespectful). Tweets demonstrating agreement are more likely to have an exclamatory form, simple sentence structure and include an explicit term (well done, deserve a slap). Opinion-neutral tweets, on the other hand, are more likely to be formulated as declarative sentences with complex sentence structure and do not include an explicit term expressing the author’s opinion. The presented method is established on basic grammatical criteria (number of sentences, sentence structure, sentence form, keywords), which can also be applied to computational analysis of large collections of texts. In the future, the presented model could be applied to investigate various political, societal or healthcare challenges (elections, corruption or pandemic issues).

scholarly journals A SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS ON THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF SURAH AL QIYAMAH USING TREE DIAGRAMS

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Alfini Iasya Putri
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Verb Phrase

In this research, the researcher analyzed syntactical patterns of the whole verses (ayah) in the English translation of surah Al Qiyamah, which has 40 ayah, using tree diagrams theory to be able drawing and seeing hierarchical syntax structure of the verses in the surah. After analyzing the data, the researcher finally found twenty four syntactic patterns of the surah: there are sixteen patterns of sentence and eight patterns of phrases. The phrases patterns are : a) the pattern of noun phrase appears in one position, b) the patterns of verb phrase appear in three position, c) the patterns of adjective phrase appear in two position, d) the pattern of prepositional phrase appears in one position, and e) the pattern of complement phrase appears in one position

scholarly journals PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA INDONESIA PAUD ISLAM AL-AMANAH DESA TANJUNG ANOM KECAMATAN GIRIMULYA KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Dwi Fristika Desmayani ◽  
Rokhmat Basuki ◽  
Catur Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

The purpose of this research is know the category of vocabulary, phrase, and sentence of Indonesian child of PAUD Islam Al-amanah Tanjung Anom Village, Girimulya District, of North Bengkulu Regency. In this research, it is used descriptive method. Data collection techniques used recordings and field notes. The results showed that children have obtained nine categories of word classes, namely the verb, noun, numeralia, preposition, pronoun, interjection, conjunction, adverb, adjektive. The three categories of phrases are the noun phrase, the verb phrase, and the prepositional phrase. The six categories of sentences are clanged sentences, unpolluted sentences, verb sentences, orderly order sentences, command sentences and news sentences.Keyword: language acquisition, bahasa Indonesia, PAUD

scholarly journals INTERFERENSI STRUKTUR KALIMAT BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM STRUKTUR KALIMAT BAHASA MANDARIN PADA KARANGAN NARATIF MAHASISWA SASTRA CINA USU

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Fiqhi Nahdhiah Makhmud ◽  
Rudiansyah Rudiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Narrative Writing ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
The University ◽  
Department Faculty ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

AbstrakInterferensi dikenal sebagai suatu penyebab dalam kesulitan belajar dan kesalahan dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa kedua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan interferensi terhadap struktur kalimat bahasa Mandarin yang ditulis oleh mahasiswa semester VI stambuk 2013 Program Studi Sastra Cina, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah karangan narasi bertemakan berlibur (eGP [fàngjià]) oleh mahasiswa semester VI stambuk2013 Program Studi Sastra Cina, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) yang berbahasa ibu bahasa Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pada tahap analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan metode Agih Sudaryanto. Adapun teori yang digunakan dalam menganalis interferensi struktur kalimat pada penelitian ini adalah hipotesis analisis kontrastif. Hipotesis analisis kontrastif merupakan penjabaran dari perbedaan antara dua bahasa yang menjadi dasar penyebab kesulitan belajar bahasa dan kesalahan berbahasa yang dihadapi oleh pelajar. Perbedaan yang terjadi diidentifikasi dari perbandingan struktur antara dua bahasa, bahasa pertama dan kedua yang dipelajari pelajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: interferensi terjadi pada penempatan posisi fungsi sintaksis pada kalimat bahasa Mandarin yang mengikuti struktur kalimat tunggal dan kalimat majemuk bahasa Indonesia, terdapat pada fungsi sintaksis keterangan (K), tataran posisi predikat (P), dan subjek (S) yang mengikuti struktur pola kalimat bahasa Indonesia, serta pada struktur pola atau penempatan klausa dan kata penghubung. Kata kunci: interferensi, bahasa Indonesia-Mandarin, struktur kalimat  AbstractInterference is known as a cause of learning difficulty and mistakes in learning second language. The purpose of this research is to describe the interference of Indonesian sentence structure on the chinese structure in narrative writing by the sixth semester students of the Chinese Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, The University of Sumatera Utara. The source data of this research was narrative writing by the sixth semester students of the Chinese Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, The University of Sumatera Utara (USU) that using Indonesian as their mother language. The theme of that narrative writing was holiday(eGP) [fàngjià]. This research was a descriptive qualitative method. The Sudaryanto’s Agih method is used to analyze data. This research used Hypothesis of Contrastive Analysis. The Hypothesis of Contrastive Analysis was the description of differences between two languages which become a platform of difficulty and mistakes in language learning which is felt by students. The differencees that exist were identified from the comparison of two languages’ structures, the first and second languages. The result of research is: the interference of Indonesian sentence structure on the chinese structure narrative writing occurs on syntax function of chinese sentence, that used Indonesian sentence structure in simple sentence and also complex sentence. The interferences in the form of syntax function were at: complement, predicate and subject that used Indonesian sentence structure, and the using of Indonesian structure on clause and conjunction placement. Keywords: interference, Indonesian-Mandarin language, sentence structure

Phrase structure principles of English complex sentence formation

1967 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Syntactic Theory ◽  
Structure Component ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
English Syntax

The purpose of this study is to show that the theory of English syntax contains at least two phrase structure rules (cf. Chomsky, 1956, 1961) which introduce sentences. The first of these exemplifies the principle of NOUN PHRASE COMPLEMENTATION by which a sentence is introduced under the immediate domination of a noun phrase (NP). The second is VERB PHRASE COMPLEMENTATION, involving the introduction of a sentence under the immediate domination of a verb phrase (VP). These rules, couched in a workable phrase structure context, will be postulated at the outset. (For a more complete phrase structure component incorporating the principles of noun phrase and verb phrase complementation, cf. Rosenbaum & Lochak, 1966.) It will then be shown (i) that these rules follow as a consequence of syntactic theory previously formulated and independently justified and (ii) that the incorporation of these rules into the grammar of English leads to a compelling account of a wide range of English complex sentence phenomena.

Anaphora

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Asher
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Compositional Semantics ◽  
Traditional Conception ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Lower Wage

Anaphora describes a dependence of the interpretation of one natural language expression on the interpretation of another natural language expression. For example, the pronoun ‘her’ in (1) below is anaphorically dependent for its interpretation on the interpretation of the noun phrase ‘Sally’ because ‘her’ refers to the same person ‘Sally’ refers to. - (1) Sally likes her car. As (2) below illustrates, anaphoric dependencies also occur across sentences, making anaphora a ‘discourse phenomenon’: - (2) A farmer owned a donkey. He beat it. The analysis of anaphoric dependence has been the focus of a great deal of study in linguistics and philosophy. Anaphoric dependencies are difficult to accommodate within the traditional conception of compositional semantics of Tarski and Montague precisely because the meaning of anaphoric elements is dependent on other elements of the discourse. Many expressions can be used anaphorically. For instance, anaphoric dependencies hold between the expression ‘one’ and the indefinite noun phrase ‘a labrador’ in (3) below; between the verb phrase ‘loves his mother’ and a ‘null’ anaphor (or verbal auxiliary) in (4); between the prepositional phrase ‘to Paris’ and the lexical item ‘there’ in (5); and between a segment of text and the pronoun ‘it’ in (6). - (3) Susan has a labrador. I want one too. - (4) John loves his mother. Fred does too. - (5) I didn’t go to Paris last year. I don’t go there very often. - (6) One plaintiff was passed over for promotion. Another didn’t get a pay increase for five years. A third received a lower wage than men doing the same work. But the jury didn’t believe any of it. Some philosophers and linguists have also argued that verb tenses generate anaphoric dependencies.

scholarly journals A Syntactic Analysis on Sentences Found in the English Textbook for the Tenth Grade Students Entitled “Bahasa Inggris Kelas X” (2017 revised edition) Published by Ministry of Education and Culture Republic of Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Liana Mumrikoh ◽  
Eka Agustina ◽  
Hastuti Retno Kuspiyah
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Tree Diagram ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Syntactic Approach ◽  
Syntactic Properties

This study is an analysis of sentence structure by using a syntactic approach that portrayed in the tree diagram. This study focused only on the discussion covering the identification of types of sentence and sentence structure. It was found that there are 191 sentences from the six selected text in the textbook consisting of the simple sentence which has 53 sentences (27,75%), the compound sentence has 79 sentences (41,36%), the complex sentence has 33 sentences (17,27% ) and the compound-complex sentence has 26 sentences (13,61%) from the total number of the data. The finding of the analysis shows that the English textbook has all types of sentences, based on both several clauses and their syntactic properties. A drawing tree diagram is a fundamental skill in the study of syntactic structure; it is a common practice to provide a visual representation of the internal structure of phrase and clause. Tree diagrams are a clear way of representing syntactic structure graphically.

Teaching Complex Sentences

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy L. Tyack
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
English Grammar ◽  
Post Test

This report presents a case study of a ten-year-old girl referred for language training. Diagnostic labels included "learning disabilities, especially in the area of receptive and expressive language," "poor auditory processing, " and "poor auditory memory. " Careful analysis of both expressive and receptive language revealed that this girl had mastered rules governing simple sentence structure, but her failure to acquire rules for complex sentence structure had apparently affected comprehension of classroom instruction and reading comprehension. This case study suggests that many other children, similarly labeled, may have difficulty with highly specific features of English grammar, rather than global auditory deficits. Examples of testing for specific complex sentence types, two training programs, and pre- and post-test data are included.

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