scholarly journals Characteristics of Performance according to Type of Semantic Lexical Task in Normal Elderly and Individuals with Subjective Memory Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-306
Author(s):  
Sangwook Park ◽  
JungWan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Association ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment ◽  
Category Fluency ◽  
Fluency Test

Purpose: For comparison of a semantic knowledge processing of the elderly, particularly the normal individuals and individuals with subjective memory impairment, this study aims to clarify what factors of semantic knowledge task could sensitively discriminate between the two groups by conducting various types of tasks and analyzing the aspects.Methods: High/low frequency category fluency test, concrete/abstract noun word defining test, and semantic association task were performed by 30 normal subjects and 30 subjective memory impaired subjects over 65 years old. Total and each subcategory scores were assessed for the category fluency test and word defining test, and correct response and reaction time were measured for the semantic association task.Results: It was found that there were significant differences between the two groups in the total score of the category fluency task (p < 0.001), low-frequency category score, abstract noun word defining task score (p < 0.05), and reaction time of semantic association task (p < 0.01).Conclusion: The result showed that in case of a target word with lower contact frequency and more abstract concept, the elderly with subjective memory impairment have difficulties in neural-networking activation of semantic knowledge and control of interruption stimulation when approaching a target word, with increased reaction time. This findings demonstrate that a semantic and lexical task has a clinical significance in discriminating a subjective memory impairment group.

Subjective Memory Impairment. A review of its definitions indicates the need for a comprehensive set of standardised and validated criteria

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Abdulrab ◽  
Reinhard Heun
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Standard Definition ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Published Research

AbstractBackgroundSubjective Memory Impairment (SMI) may hold value in the elderly as a predictor of dementia. There is yet to exist any standard definition of SMI for use in research or for clinical practice.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify previous and current definitions of SMI used in published research and to propose a set of criteria that may help increase SMI's predictive power of future cognitive decline.MethodsLiterature searches were conducted across a number of electronic databases including Medline.Results515 citations were identified, 336 papers were obtained, of which 44 were selected for containing definitions for SMI. These definitions varied widely in terms of the types of questions used to determine SMI and additional features pertaining to memory complaints included in the definition.ConclusionThere is no consistency in how SMI is defined. We propose a set of criteria aimed to increase specificity of memory complainers for those at increased risk of dementia. Further research is required to refine and validate the different criteria suggested. An international consent on the necessary criteria by experts in the field might be useful.

The role of depression in the insomnia of people with subjective memory impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia in a community sample of elderly individuals in South Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Hyoung Kim ◽  
Ji-Hyun Kim ◽  
Byung-Soo Kim ◽  
Sung-Man Chang ◽  
Dong-Woo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBackground:This study investigates the relationship between insomnia and cognitive dysfunctions including, subjective memory impairment (SMI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia, by considering depression in a community sample of elderly individuals.Methods:Data for 1,740 elderly individuals aged 65 years and over were obtained from a nationwide dementia epidemiological study conducted in South Korea. Cognitive functional status was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet Clinical Assessment Battery. Insomnia was defined as the presence of at least one of the four sleep complaints (difficulty in initiating sleep, difficulty in maintaining sleep, early morning awakening, and non-restorative sleep), accompanied by moderate to severe daytime consequences. Depression was evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale.Results:The prevalence of insomnia in the patients with SMI, MCI, and dementia was found to be 23.2%, 19.6%, and 31.0%, respectively. The patients with SMI, MCI, and dementia were significantly more likely to have insomnia and the four sleep complaints than the normal comparison patients. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, the significant relationships between cognitive dysfunctional status and insomnia remained. However, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and depression, no significant relationships with any of the sleep complaints or insomnia remained.Conclusion:Insomnia is a very common complaint in the elderly with SMI, MCI, and dementia. Depression might play an important factor in the relationship between insomnia and cognitive dysfunctional status in the elderly.

Risk factors of major depression in the elderly

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Heun ◽  
Sandra Hein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractBackgroundSeveral risk factors of depression have been identified in retrospective as well as some prospective studies in the elderly. Confirmation in independent samples is needed. The present follow-up study prospectively investigated risk factors of depression in an elderly German sample.MethodsOne thousand four hundred and thirty-one subjects from a family study were re-investigated after 4.7 ± 2.5 years. Bivariate and multivariate forward logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors of the development of new depression in the elderly.ResultsRisk factors of a new depressive episode in 1408 elderly without current depression were age, female gender, a previous depression, subjective memory impairment, previous anxiety and somatoform disorders. The presence of dementia or mild cognitive impairment were significant risk factors in bivariate, but not multivariate analysis controlling for possible confounding. Risk factors of a first geriatric depressive episode were age, gender and subjective memory impairment; age remained the only significant risk factor in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThis investigation confirms previous studies from other countries concerning the relevance of risk factors for depression in the elderly. The knowledge of risk factors might help identify subjects at increased risk of depression for early intervention approaches. Elderly with a history of previous depression carry the highest risk.

The Anterior-posterior Functional Connectivity Disconnection in the Elderly with Subjective Memory Impairment and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-381
Author(s):  
Wuhai Tao ◽  
Jinping Sun ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Wen Shao ◽  
Jing Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment

Background: Subjective Memory Impairment (SMI) may tremendously increase the risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The full understanding of the neuromechanism of SMI will shed light on the early intervention of AD. Methods: In the current study, 23 Healthy Controls (HC), 22 SMI subjects and 24 amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) subjects underwent the comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The difference in the connectivity of the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Functional Connectivity (FC) from the Region of Interest (ROI) to the whole brain were compared, respectively. Results: The results showed that HC and SMI subjects had significantly higher connectivity in the region of the precuneus area compared to aMCI subjects. However, from this region to the whole brain, SMI and aMCI subjects had significant FC decrease in the right anterior cingulum, left superior frontal and left medial superior frontal gyrus compared to HC. In addition, this FC change was significantly correlated with the cognitive function decline in participants. Conclusion: Our study indicated that SMI subjects had relatively intact DMN connectivity but impaired FC between the anterior and posterior brain. The findings suggest that long-distance FC is more vulnerable than the short ones in the people with SMI.

scholarly journals Long-term subjective memory after electroconvulsive therapy

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Sigström ◽  
Axel Nordenskjöld ◽  
Anders Juréus ◽  
Caitlin Clements ◽  
Erik Joas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Expectations

Background There have been reports of long-term subjective memory worsening after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Aims To study the prevalence and risk factors of long-term subjective memory worsening among patients receiving ECT in routine clinical practice. Method Patients (n = 535, of whom 277 were included in the final analysis) were recruited from eight Swedish hospitals. Participants' subjective memory impairment was assessed before ECT and a median of 73 days after ECT using the memory item from the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Participants also rated their pre-ECT expectations and post-ECT evaluations of the effect of ECT on memory on a 7-point scale. We used ordinal regression to identify variables associated with subjective memory worsening and negative evaluations of the effect of ECT on memory. Results Comparisons of pre- and post-ECT assessments showed that subjective memory worsened in 16.2% of participants, remained unchanged in 52.3% and improved in 31.4%. By contrast, when asked to evaluate the effect of ECT on memory after treatment 54.6% reported a negative effect. Subjective memory worsening was associated with negative expectations before ECT, younger age and shorter duration of follow-up. Conclusions Although subjective memory improved more often than it worsened when assessed before and after ECT, a majority of patients reported that ECT had negative effects on their memory when retrospectively asked how ECT had affected it. This might suggest that some patients attribute pre-existing subjective memory impairment to ECT. Clinicians should be aware that negative expectations are associated with subjective worsening of memory after ECT.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pulse Width on Subjective Memory Impairment and Remission Rate 6 Months After Electroconvulsive Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-278
Author(s):  
Elsa Tornhamre ◽  
Carl Johan Ekman ◽  
Åsa Hammar ◽  
Mikael Landen ◽  
Johan Lundberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment

SCREENING FOR DEMENTIA: IS 1 SIMPLE QUESTION THE ANSWER?

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. e4.152-e4
Author(s):  
Baba Aji ◽  
Andrew Larner
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Seizure Type ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dementia Screening ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Screening Question

ObjectiveTo examine the diagnostic utility of the dementia screening question from the DoH Dementia CQUIN document (2012) in consecutive patients in a dedicated epilepsy clinic, individuals in whom memory complaints are common.Results100 consecutive outpatients (M:F=61:39, median age 44.5 years) were asked ‘Have you been more forgetful in the past 12 months to the extent that it has significantly affected your life?’, as advocated in the Dementia CQUIN document. There was a 48% yes response. No patient was adjudged to have dementia. Comparing the yes/no groups, there was no difference in sex ratio, age, seizure type, or use of antiepileptic drugs (monotherapy versus polytherapy). Those answering yes were more likely to be follow-up than new patients. Intergroup difference in epilepsy duration showed a trend to longer duration in the yes group. The most common examples of memory problems volunteered were forgetting to attend appointments, take medications, or switch off appliances, suggestive of attentional rather than mnestic problems.ConclusionsThese data suggest that the Dementia CQUIN screening question has very low specificity, and hence will identify many false positives, with risk of overdiagnosis of dementia in individuals with purely subjective memory impairment.

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