Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension without Controlled Drug Treatment in Three Regions: A Study of Japanese Rural Populations

Purpose. Adjunctive zonisamide therapy was demonstrated to be beneficial for multiple-disabled patients with refractory childhood-onset epilepsy. Zonisamide is well tolerated, but urolithiasis and calcium sludge in the bladder were sometimes described in patients treated with antiepileptic drug polytherapy including zonisamide. In previous studies, alkaline urine and crystalluria were shown to be risk factors for urolithiasis. Therefore, the effects of zonisamide addition and withdrawal on the urinary pH and crystalluria were investigated in patients treated with antiepileptic drug polytherapy to clarify the cause of urolithiasis induced by zonisamide. Methods. The urinary pH and the degree of crystalluria were retrospectively studied in epilepsy patients one month after the addition or withdrawal of zonisamide as part of their antiepileptic drug treatment regimen over the previous three years. Results. A total of 27 zonisamide-on patients and 16 zonisamide-off patients were enrolled in the study. The urinary pH did not change after the addition or withdrawal of zonisamide. However, the degree of crystalluria significantly increased after the addition () of zonisamide and decreased after its withdrawal (). Conclusions. Zonisamide induces crystalluria without alkalinization of the urine. Crystalluria should be carefully monitored in patients treated with zonisamide to prevent urolithiasis.

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Prevalence of HCV Infections and Co-Infection With HBV and HIV and Associated Risk Factors Among Addicts in Drug Treatment Centers, Lorestan Province, Iran

international journal high risk behaviors & addiction ◽

10.5812/ijhrba.25028 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hossein Norouzian ◽

Mohammadreza Gholami ◽

Pegah Shakib ◽

Gholamreza Goudarzi ◽

Hamze Ghobadian Diali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Drug Treatment ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Prevalence of malnutrition and nutritional risk factors in patients undergoing alcohol and drug treatment

Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.nut.2011.11.003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (7-8) ◽

pp. 738-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Lynda J. Ross ◽

Michael Wilson ◽

Merrilyn Banks ◽

Fiona Rezannah ◽

Mark Daglish

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Drug Treatment ◽

Nutritional Risk ◽

Alcohol And Drug Treatment

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The new coronavirus disease: what do we know so far?

Journal of Paramedic Practice ◽

10.12968/jpar.2020.12.5.193 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 193-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sammer Tang ◽

Mike Brady ◽

Jo Mildenhall ◽

Ursula Rolfe ◽

Alexandra Bowles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Drug Treatment ◽

Clinical Assessment ◽

Older Age ◽

New Disease ◽

Airborne Transmission ◽

Clinical Guidance ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Respiratory Droplets

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that causes the new disease COVID-19. Symptoms range from mild to severe with a higher incidence of severe cases in patients with risk factors such as older age and comorbidities. COVID-19 is mainly spread through the inhalation of respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing or via contact with droplet-contaminated surfaces. Paramedics should be aware that some aerosol-generating procedures may put them at a higher risk of contracting the virus via possible airborne transmission. Use of remote triage clinical assessment is likely to increase as a result of the pandemic. There is no curative drug treatment for the virus and some medications may exacerbate its effects or make patients more susceptible to it. Evidence and guidelines are evolving on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Paramedics should keep up to date with the latest clinical guidance from their employers.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Primary Glaucomas in Adult Urban and Rural Populations in the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study

Ophthalmology ◽

10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.11.006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 117 (7) ◽

pp. 1352-1359 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Chandrasekhar Garudadri ◽

Sirisha Senthil ◽

Rohit C. Khanna ◽

Krishniah Sannapaneni ◽

Harsha B. Laxmana Rao

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Andhra Pradesh ◽

Rural Populations ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Disease Study

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ANALYSIS OF BARRETTʼS ESOPHAGUS CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS FOR DYSPLASIA AND DRUG TREATMENT TO REVERSE DYSPLASIA IN BARRETTʼS ESOPHAGUS

The American Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07814.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 98 ◽

pp. S27

Author(s):

Stephen P. Stowe ◽

JoAnn Katsamas

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Drug Treatment ◽

Causes And Risk Factors

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Influence of 5-HT2C receptor and leptin gene polymorphisms, smoking and drug treatment on metabolic disturbances in patients with schizophrenia

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.107.041723 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 192 (6) ◽

pp. 424-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Olga O. Yevtushenko ◽

Stephen J. Cooper ◽

Ryan O'Neill ◽

Jennifer K. Doherty ◽

Jayne V. Woodside ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Drug Treatment ◽

Genetic Polymorphisms ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Antipsychotic Drugs ◽

Genetic Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Disturbances ◽

Genotype Combination ◽

Increased Risk

BackgroundObesity and metabolic syndrome are significant problems for patients taking antipsychotic drugs. Evidence is emerging of genetic risk factors.AimsTo investigate the influence of two candidate genes, smoking and drug treatment on obesity and metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia.MethodPatients (n=134) were assessed for measures of obesity, other factors contributing to metabolic syndrome, and two genetic polymorphisms (5-HT2C receptor −759C/T and leptin −2548A/G).ResultsNeither genotype nor smoking was significantly associated with measures of obesity. However, both leptin genotype and smoking were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. Significant interaction occurred between the genetic polymorphisms for effects on obesity, whereby a genotype combination increased risk. Drug treatment showed significant effects on measures of obesity and triglyceride concentrations; risperidone was associated with lower values than olanzapine or clozapine.ConclusionsThe findings suggest interacting genetic risk factors and smoking influence development of metabolic syndrome in patients on antipsychotic drugs.

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The Urban-Rural Disparity in the Status and Risk Factors of Health Literacy: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Central China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17113848 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 3848 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wenna Wang ◽

Yulin Zhang ◽

Beilei Lin ◽

Yongxia Mei ◽

Zhiguang Ping ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Central China ◽

Rural Populations ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Basic Health ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Status ◽

Urban Rural

Health literacy is the ability of individuals to access, process, and understand health information to make decisions regarding treatment and their health on the whole; it is critical to maintain and improve public health. However, the health literacy of urban and rural populations in China has been little known. Thus, this study aims to assess the status of health literacy and explore the differences of its possible determinants (e.g., socio-economic factors) among urban and rural populations in Henan, China. A cross-sectional study, 78,646 participants were recruited from a populous province in central China with a multi-stage random sampling design. The Chinese Resident Health Literacy Scale was adopted to measure the health literacy of the respondents. In the participants, the level of health literacy (10.21%) in central China was significantly lower than the national average, and a big gap was identified between urban and rural populations (16.92% vs. 8.09%). A noticeable difference was reported in different aspects and health issues of health literacy between urban and rural populations. The health literacy level was lower in those with lower levels of education, and a significant difference was identified in the level of health literacy among people of different ages and occupations in both urban and rural areas. Note that in rural areas, as long as residents educated, they all had higher odds to exhibit basic health literacy than those uneducated; in rural areas, compared with those aged 15 to 24 years, residents aged 45 to 54 years (OR = 0.846,95% CI (0.730, 0.981)), 55 to 64 years (OR = 0.716,95% CI (0.614, 0.836)) and above 65 years (OR = 0.679, 95% CI (0.567, 0.812)) were 84.6%, 71.6%, and 67.9%, respectively, less likely to exhibit basic health literacy. Considering the lower health literacy among rural residents compared with their urban counterparts, a reorientation of the health policy-making for Chinese rural areas is recommended. This study suggests that urban–rural disparity about health literacy risk factors should be considered when implementing health literacy promotion intervention.

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Coronary heart disease: outlook for Africa

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine ◽

10.1177/014107689709000108 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

A R P Walker ◽

P Sareli

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Serum Cholesterol Level ◽

Rural Populations ◽

Advanced Stage ◽

White Population ◽

Lifestyle Behaviour ◽

Increases In Risk

In Africa, coronary heart disease (CHD) is near absent in rural areas, and very uncommon in urban centres, where many Africans are in an advanced stage of transition. Among town dwellers intakes of food, especially fat, have risen and intakes of fibre-containing foods have fallen. Mean serum cholesterol level is almost double that of rural populations living traditionally. Obesity in females has risen enormously. Prevalence of hypertension exceeds that in the white population. The same applies to the practice of smoking in males, but not in females. The level of physical activity has fallen generally. With these increases in risk factors we can expect urban Africans to attain the high mortality rate for CHD now experienced by Afro-Americans. Prevention by urging reversion to previous lifestyle behaviour is a non-starter. However, as long as Africa remains impoverished, a major rise in CHD is unlikely.

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