Migration of Croatian physicians in the global context

As the global health care workforce faces a shortage, several EU nations focus on employing foreign-trained physicians. So much so, that in some countries of the EU, the percentage of foreign-trained physicians has reached 30 % and the percentage of foreign-trained psychiatrists has risen to 40 %. After Croatia entered the EU, together with a significant number of other Croatian citizens, a great proportion of Croatian physicians emigrated. Currently, Croatia is among the three EU countries from which the most physicians emigrate. There are both economic and non-economic factors that are influence individuals’ choice to emigrate. Benefits of emigration for Croatian physicians are high satisfaction with life standard, income, professional development, and better work conditions. However, there are also clear psychological costs involved, which hinder both the emigrants and their families, and make building of a social network and integration into society difficult. These are: moving away from family members, friends and a familiar environment, mastering another language, finding work opportunities for partners, adjusting to life in another country under discrimination by colleagues, patients and the general public. Countries of immigration face challenges with foreign-trained physicians because of their native linguistic and cultural background. Language proficiency training and national familiarization programs can improve integration of immigrant physicians and their families. In recognition that national skill shortages can cause disbalance on a global level, the WHO calls on high-income countries to strive for self-sufficiency, through educating, retaining, and sustaining enough physicians to staff their own health care systems.

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Nurse’s clinical skill utilisation: An opinion from public health institutions

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17461/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

santosh mahindrakar ◽

Man Singh Jat ◽

Besty Ann Varghese

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Health Care ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Clinical Skill ◽

Teaching Experience ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Teaching Staff ◽

Staff Nurse ◽

Self Rating ◽

Care Systems

Abstract Background Nurses are the backbone of health care systems worldwide. In India the assessment of existing knowledge of nursing workforce and the utilization of skills is not evaluated and properly used to ensure good quality in health care. Methods Using the Delphi technique a survey was developed and sent to nurses. Self- rating methods (on a likert scale) were used in order to operationalize the personal skills. Results Almost half (48%) of the participants have a Bachelor degree. Out of this 27.2% qualified for a higher education (e.g. Master in related subject). Most nurses (56% in sample were females) are permanent employed working as staff nurse or nursing officers in the public sector. Among the participants 20% have sufficient teaching experience between 1 to 3 years. Self-rating of skills was high in almost all topics. Conclusion Having attained higher education most of the participants remain working as staff nurses. The good self-rating of participants underlines their ability to take over much higher positions and responsibilities. Moreover, teaching experience is hardly acknowledged by institutions since teaching staff is usually recruited from outside. The study suggests that a majority of the population has an interest to work in rural area. Better work conditions are needed in order to gain workforce in this areas.

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From heterogeneity to harmonization? Recent trends in European health policy

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2007001400003 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (suppl 2) ◽

pp. S133-S142 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thomas Gerlinger ◽

Hans-Jürgen Urban

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Policy ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

The European Union ◽

Lisbon Strategy ◽

Regulatory Requirements ◽

Care Systems ◽

European Health ◽

Recent Trends ◽

The Eu

In the European Union (EU), health policy and the institutional reform of health systems have been treated primarily as national affairs, and health care systems within the EU thus differ considerably. However, the health policy field is undergoing a dynamic process of Europeanization. This process is stimulated by the orientation towards a more competitive economy, recently inaugurated and known as the Lisbon Strategy, while the regulatory requirements of the European Economic and Monetary Union are stimulating the Europeanization of health policy. In addition, the so-called open method of coordination, representing a new mode of regulation within the European multi-level system, is applied increasingly to the health policy area. Diverse trends are thus emerging. While the Lisbon Strategy goes along with a strategic upgrading of health policy more generally, health policy is increasingly used to strengthen economic competitiveness. Pressure on Member States is expected to increase to contain costs and promote market-based health care provision.

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Evolution of Taiwan’s health care system

Health Economics Policy and Law ◽

10.1017/s1744133109990351 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 85-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Jui-Fen Rachel Lu ◽

Tung-Liang Chiang

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Reform ◽

Health Care System ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Access To Health Services ◽

High Satisfaction ◽

Single Payer ◽

Care Systems ◽

Care System

AbstractThis study aims to present an overview of the evolutionary policy process in reforming the health care system in Taiwan, through dissecting the forces of knowledge, social-cultural context, economic resources and political system. We further identify factors, which had a significant impact on health care reform policies in Taiwan through illustrative policy examples. One of the most illuminating examples highlighted is the design and implementation of a single-payer National Health Insurance (NHI) program in 1995, after nearly five years of planning efforts (1988–1993) and a two-year legislative marathon. The NHI is one of the most popular social programs ever undertaken in the history of Taiwan, which greatly enhances financial protection against unexpected medical expenses and assures access to health services. Nonetheless, health care reform still has an unfinished agenda. Despite high satisfaction ratings, Taiwan’s health care system today is encountering mounting pressure for new reforms as a result of its rapidly aging population, economic stagnation, and imbalanced NHI checkbook. Although there may exist some heterogeneous system characteristics and challenges among different health care systems around the world, Taiwan’s experiences in reforming its health care system for the past few decades may provide valuable lessons for countries going through rapid economic and political transition.

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Inconsistent objectives – reflections on some selective health care policy developments in Europe

Health Economics Policy and Law ◽

10.1017/s1744133106006220 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 93-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Adam Oliver

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Access To Health Care ◽

Health Care Policy ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Point Of Use ◽

Access To Health ◽

Care Systems ◽

The Eu

Over the last two decades, there has been an increased focus among the health policy and research communities upon improving efficiency, in terms of activity levels and health outcomes, in the health care systems of the EU member states. In this article, some of these developments are described and to some extent assessed, and an attempt is made to highlight how they may serve to undermine more fundamental aspects of these systems: namely, that access to health care be universal and affordable at the point of use.

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THE PREVENTABLE CAUSES OF DEATH IN RUSSIA AND IN THE EU COUNTRIES

Health Care of the Russian Federation ◽

10.18821/0044-197x-2017-61-3-116-122 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 116-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tamara P. Sabgayda

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Care Systems ◽

Males And Females ◽

Analysis Of Dynamics ◽

Source Of Information ◽

The Eu ◽

Preventable Mortality

To analyze functioning of health care systems in the European countries, a new listing of preventable causes of death was developed, ignoring impact of policy of population health protection. The following question is arising: does proximity of rates of more than ten-year decreasing of preventable and non-preventable mortality in Russia is conditioned by occurred necessity of adjustment of listing of preventable causes? The study was carried out to investigate applicability of the new listing of preventable causes for analyzing mortality of population of Russia. The comparative analysis was applied to dynamics of preventable mortality evaluated according two listings for Russia and EU countries up to May 2004 (Holland W., 1997; Nolte E., McKee M., 2004). In both listings the causes were assorted in three levels of mortality prevention. The information of European mortality database WHO/Europe was used. The analysis concerned males and females aged from 25 to 64 years during 1999-2013. The results of analysis of dynamics of preventable mortality in the EU counties substantially depend on listing of preventable causes whereas in Russia this dependency is observed only during analysis of female mortality. For the EU countries it is inexpediently to consider causes depending on primarily prevention of diseases as related to controllable mortality. However, in Russia these causes have a crucial impact on level and dynamics of mortality. So, in Russia the old listing of preventable causes continues to be actual and the new listing can be applied only as additional source of information to results of evaluation of functioning of health care system developed on the basis of the old listing.

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Nurses’ Labor Conditions, Gender, and the Value of Care Work in Post-Neoliberal El Salvador

Critical Sociology ◽

10.1177/0896920516675203 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (4-5) ◽

pp. 777-791

Author(s):

Lisa Kowalchuk

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

El Salvador ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Well Being ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Care Work ◽

Public Health Care ◽

Labor Conditions ◽

Care Systems

Neoliberal cut-backs in health-care spending have had numerous negative impacts on nurses, but we know less about how they fare when governments move from neoliberal austerity to reinvestment in their health-care systems. El Salvador is an apt case to examine for how a post-neoliberal health-care reform, launched in 2010 by the newly elected FMLN government, addresses the deterioration in nurses’ work conditions caused by austerity policies. Based mainly on focus groups, interviews and participant observation conducted in the first three years of the reform’s implementation, the analysis finds important strides for nurses, especially in increased hiring in the expanded components of public health-care, and the reduction of labor precarity in formal employment. But several problems continue to imperil nurses’ well-being, reflecting, in part, a persistent devaluation of the care work that is performed mainly by women.

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HEALTH CARE FINANCING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES – STRUCTURE AND CHANGES

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum - Oeconomia ◽

10.22630/aspe.2020.19.1.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 71-80

Author(s):

Michał Wielechowski ◽

Łukasz Grzęda

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

European Union ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Health Care Expenditure ◽

Health Care Financing ◽

Data Availability ◽

The European Union ◽

European Union Countries ◽

Care Systems ◽

The Eu

The aim of the paper was to present health care systems and assess the recent trend in health care expenditure in the European Union countries. The data source was the World Bank and European Statistical Office (Eurostat). The adopted research period covered the years 2000–2016, due to data availability. The methodology of the study was based on an analysis of data indicator series related to health care expenditure, which evaluate the national health care system performance. The research results were presented using primarily Japanese candlestick charting. The study showed that health care expenditure represented an ever-increasing burden for all the EU economies, both in absolute values and in relation to GDP. However, substantial differentiations in the amount and structure of health care expenditure were observed at the country level, having roots in the level of a country’s economic development and diverse post-war economic and political evolution. The analysis of health care expenditure structure confirmed that all three types of health care systems (Beveridge, Bismarck and mixed one) were observed in the EU, but the last one had a marginal importance. The form of system did not determine its effectiveness. On average, more than three-fourths of health care expenses were financed by general government expenditure. Out-of-pocket spending varied widely among the analysed EU member states.

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