scholarly journals Postpartum Uterine Infections in Cows: Diagnosis and Treatment - An Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Sharma ◽  
Madhumeet Singh ◽  
Amit Sharma ◽  
Pravesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Diagnostic Purpose ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis ◽  
Endometrial Cytology

Postpartum uterine infections result from uterine contamination with pathogens during parturition. Most of the pathogens are environmental contaminants that are gradually eliminated during the first 6 weeks postpartum. Vaginoscopy is considered to be more accurate than rectal palpation for diagnostic purpose. Transrectal ultrasonography is helpful for the diagnosis of clinical endometrits and pyometra. Subclinical endometritis (SCE) can be detected after three weeks postpartum with the help of endometrial cytology. Administration of PGF2α or intrauterine infusion of cephapirin is the treatment of choice for chronic endometritis but in case of SCE, results are inconsistent. Immunomodulators, ozone pearls or foam have also been used for treatment of postpartum uterine infections. Economic losses associated with uterine infections in dairy cattle are due to cost of diagnosis and treatment of the infection, associated milk reduction and reduced fertility.

187 EFFICIENCY OF DIAGNOSIS OF CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL ENDOMETRITIS IN CATTLE EVALUATED BY HYSTEROSCOPY

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
L. V. Madoz ◽  
R. L de la Sota ◽  
K. Susuki ◽  
W. Heuwieser ◽  
M. Drillich
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis ◽  
Endometrial Cytology ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of vaginoscopy and rectal palpation (palpable liquid in uterine horns) compared with hysteroscopy (presence of pus in the uterine lumen) for the diagnosis of clinical endometritis (CE), and hysteroscopy compared with endometrial cytology for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis (SE) in postpartum dairy cows. Thirty Holstein cows between 20 and 35 days postpartum were examined for diagnosis of CE with a vaginal speculum, by rectal palpation, and by hysteroscopy; and examined for diagnosis of SE with hysteroscopy and endometrial cytology. Categorical data were analyzed with PROC CATMOD (SAS®, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) and continuous data were analyzed with PROC GLM (SAS®, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Sensitivity, specificity, predicted value of a positive and negative result, and efficiency were calculated using Win Episcope® 2.0 software (Clive, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK). Prevalence of CE diagnosed by vaginoscopy was 27%, by rectal palpation was 23%, and by hysteroscopy was 13%. When hysteroscopy, the only tool for direct examination of the endometrium, was used as the gold standard for diagnosis of CE, vaginoscopy had 100% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and 87% efficiency, and rectal palpation had 75% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and 83% efficiency. Prevalence of SE diagnosed by endometrial cytology was 35.3%. When endometrial cytology was used as the gold standard for diagnosis of SE, hysteroscopy had 11% sensitivity, 92% specificity, and 59% efficiency. In conclusion, vaginoscopy had higher sensitivity than, and similar specificity and efficiency to, rectal palpation for diagnosis of CE. Conversely, hysteroscopy, although having high specificity, had low sensitivity and efficiency for diagnosis of SE. Hysteroscopy proved to be efficient for diagnosis of CE but inefficient for diagnosis of SE. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the study by World of Medicine (WOM), Berlin, Germany, for providing all endoscopic equipment and the cooperation with the dairy farm in Brandenburg, Germany. Vanina Madoz visit to the Freie Universität Berlin was supported by a fellowship from the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, DAAD.

MODERN NUANCES OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
A.E. Blesmanovich ◽  
◽  
A.G. Alekhina ◽  
Yu.A. Petrov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Chronic Endometritis

scholarly journals Animal infections by vaccinia-like viruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro: an expanding disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann G. Schatzmayr ◽  
Bruno R. Simonetti ◽  
Danielle C. Abreu ◽  
José P. Simonetti ◽  
Sandra R. Simonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Northwestern Region

In the present study we investigated the presence of infections by vaccinia-like viruses in dairy cattle from 12 counties in the state of Rio de Janeiro in the last 9 years. Clinical specimens were collected from adult animals with vesicular/pustular lesions mainly in the udder and teats, and from calves with lesions around the nose and mouth. A plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) was applied to search for antibodies to Orthopoxvirus; the vesicular/pustular fluids and scabs were examined by PCR, electron microscopy (EM) and by inoculation in VERO cells for virus isolation. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in most cases. The PCR test indicated a high nucleotide homology among the isolates and the vaccinia viruses (VACV) used as controls. By EM, typical orthopoxvirus particles were observed in some specimens. The agents isolated in tissue culture were confirmed as vaccinia-like viruses by EM and PCR. The HA gene of the vaccinia-like Cantagalo/IOC virus isolated in our laboratory was sequenced and compared with other vaccinia-like isolates, showing high homology with the original Cantagalo strain, both strains isolated in 1999 from dairy cattle. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in one wild rodent (genus Akodon sp.) collected in the northwestern region of the state, indicating the circulation of poxvirus in this area. Nonetheless, PCR applied to tissue samples collected from the wild rodents were negative. Vesicular/pustular lesions in people in close contact with animals have been also recorded. Thus, the vaccinia-like virus infections in cattle and humans in the state seem to be an expanding condition, resulting in economic losses to dairy herds and leading to transient incapacitating human disease. Therefore, a possible immunization of the dairy cattle in the state should be carefully evaluated.

scholarly journals PREVALENSI CACING HATI SAPI PERAH PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Siswanto Siswanto ◽  
Madi Hartono ◽  
Purnama Edy Santosa ◽  
Sri Suharyati ◽  
Hindun Larasati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Faecal Samples

The study was conducted on dairy cattle livestock at Lampung Province in July - August 2012, aiming to determine the prevalence of liver worms. Disease in livestock caused by liver worm infections are called Fasciolosis. Fasciolosis is an important parasitic disease because it can cause high economic losses. The research method was the census method. Data retrieval were 125 dairy cattle faecal samples from people's dairy farms in Lampung Province. The datas obtained were analyzed descriptively. Examination of faecal samples was carried out at the Lampung Veterinary Center using the Sedimentation Test. The results showed the prevalence of liver worms in dairy cattle in Lampung Province was 12.00%, 15 dairy cattle those were positively infested by liver worms. The highest dairy cattle prevalence in West Lampung Regency at 33.33%, while the lowest prevalence is in dairy cattle in Bandar Lampung City and Tanggamus Regency at 0%. Keywords:  Dairy Cattle Livestock, Lampung Province, Liver Worms, Prevalence, Sedimentation Test

scholarly journals Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cattle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Angel Quintela Arias ◽  
Marcos Vigo Fernández ◽  
Juan José Becerra González ◽  
Mónica Barrio López ◽  
Pedro José García Herradón and Ana Isabel Peña Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis

289 EFFECTS OF YEAR PERIOD, TECHNICAL TEAM, AND BREED ON THE PREGNANCY RATES AFTER TRANSFER OF IVF BOVINE EMBRYOS IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF RIO DE JANEIRO

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
B. G. Moura ◽  
J. Almeida ◽  
F. L. Lima ◽  
G. Balbi ◽  
R. Calmerani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Fresh Embryos

The aim of the work was to study the effects of year period, technical team, breed, beef cattle and dairy cattle on the pregnancy rates in fresh embryos used in bovine transfer of IVF programs. The study was carried out at the fertilization laboratory In Vitro Nyltta Britto de Carvalho, in partnership with In Vitro Brazil, located at the Boa Vista farm, Barra do Pirai, during August 2007 to September 2008, seeking subsidies to improve the use of the technique in the field. During that period, aspirations and inovulations in 3 different periods I (August to December), II (January to April), and III (May to September) were carried out. The jobs were accomplished by 9 technical teams (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I) rendering services to the laboratory, by working with 2 beef breeds (Brahman and Nelore) and 3 dairy breeds (Gir, Girolando, and Holstein). The different breed receivers were synchronized, and in general, from 6 to 8 days after heat, they received embryo transfer, the cervical way, under low epidural anesthesia, where each female received 1 fresh embryo of IVF. All cows were submitted to gestation diagnosis by rectal palpation and ultrasonography, in general, 42 days after embryo transfer. The numbers of embryo transferred and pregnancy rates were submitted to the chi-square test, which presented significant differences (P < 0.05). There were pregnancy rates of 36.25%a (n = 960), 39.83%a (n = 1180), and 32.59%b (n = 919) in the I, II, and III periods, respectively. Among the 9 technical teams, there were verified pregnancy rates (%) of 33.51d (n = 1313), 30.30d (n = 330), 35.00cd (n = 405), 39.24cd (n = 1060), 59.25a (n = 7), 33.33d (n = 24), 53.57bc (n = 28), 43.31c (n = 157), and 58.33ab (n = 12) for A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I teams, respectively. Among breeds there were rates (%) of 36.89ab (n = 412), 34.68b (n = 1286), 35.13ab (n = 74), 38.94a (n = 1140), and 37.80ab (n = 82) for Brahman, Nelore, Gir, Girolando, and Holstein, respectively. In the study, pregnancy rates (%) of 35.21b (n = 1698) in beef cattle and 38.65a (n = 1296) in dairy cattle were observed. The differences in pregnancy rates with respect to the evaluated factors, may be explained by individual, breed, and nutritional variations of the animals. There are few data in the literature with results on the embryo transfer use of IVF bovine under field conditions.

scholarly journals Study on the effect of insemination time on pregnancy rate of Bangladeshi buffalo in intensive farming

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
MA Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Rectal Palpation

The study was designed to evaluate the insemination time and pregnancy rate of Bangladeshi buffalo at Lal Teer Livestock Breeding and Research Farm, Bhaluka, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during January 2017 to June 2018. A total of 30 cyclic buffaloes were included in this study. The animals were inseminated under four different times, i.e. inseminated i) between 0-6 hours after seeing first sign of estrous, ii) between 6-12 hours after seeing first sign of estrous, iii) between 12-18 hours after seeing first sign of estrous and v) between 18-24 hours after seeing first sign of estrous. The pregnancies (positive or negative) were confirmed by rectal palpation and transrectal ultrasonography after 60 days of artificial insemination (AI). The total pregnant animals in this study were 40%. The highest pregnancy rate (60%) was observed in insemination between 12-18 hours after seeing first sign of estrous and the lowest pregnancy rate (0%) was observed in insemination between 0-6 hours after seeing first sign of estrous. The findings of the study suggest that, the conception rate of buffalo depend on the time of AI, detection of proper estrus symptoms and site of semen deposition. SAARC J. Agri., 16(2): 143-152 (2018)

scholarly journals A Vision to Face Covid-19 pandemic and Future Risks Through Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Malek Albzeirat ◽  
Nik Zulkepli ◽  
Haitham Qaralleh
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health Economic ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World

Coved-19 pandemic is spreading fear among the world in several aspects such as health, economic, international relations, political stability, and social stability. It emerged suddenly and attacked the world in a short period without warning. Details about the virus such as the source, symptoms, transmission, diagnosis and treatment are still incomplete.  Subsequently, more than one million people have died and huge economic losses. In order to avoid this issue in future, this paper aims to focus on artificial intelligence in predicting and tracking viral pandemic Disease and to control similar future risks using artificial intelligence, algorithms and cognitive fission theory.

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