scholarly journals Animal infections by vaccinia-like viruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro: an expanding disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann G. Schatzmayr ◽  
Bruno R. Simonetti ◽  
Danielle C. Abreu ◽  
José P. Simonetti ◽  
Sandra R. Simonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Northwestern Region

In the present study we investigated the presence of infections by vaccinia-like viruses in dairy cattle from 12 counties in the state of Rio de Janeiro in the last 9 years. Clinical specimens were collected from adult animals with vesicular/pustular lesions mainly in the udder and teats, and from calves with lesions around the nose and mouth. A plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) was applied to search for antibodies to Orthopoxvirus; the vesicular/pustular fluids and scabs were examined by PCR, electron microscopy (EM) and by inoculation in VERO cells for virus isolation. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in most cases. The PCR test indicated a high nucleotide homology among the isolates and the vaccinia viruses (VACV) used as controls. By EM, typical orthopoxvirus particles were observed in some specimens. The agents isolated in tissue culture were confirmed as vaccinia-like viruses by EM and PCR. The HA gene of the vaccinia-like Cantagalo/IOC virus isolated in our laboratory was sequenced and compared with other vaccinia-like isolates, showing high homology with the original Cantagalo strain, both strains isolated in 1999 from dairy cattle. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in one wild rodent (genus Akodon sp.) collected in the northwestern region of the state, indicating the circulation of poxvirus in this area. Nonetheless, PCR applied to tissue samples collected from the wild rodents were negative. Vesicular/pustular lesions in people in close contact with animals have been also recorded. Thus, the vaccinia-like virus infections in cattle and humans in the state seem to be an expanding condition, resulting in economic losses to dairy herds and leading to transient incapacitating human disease. Therefore, a possible immunization of the dairy cattle in the state should be carefully evaluated.

scholarly journals Risk assessment on landslides focused on the role of the water: examples from model regions (Rio de Janeiro State and Hong Kong)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Leal Sousa ◽  
Eurípedes Vargas ◽  
Helder I. Chaminé ◽  
Luis Ribeiro e Sousa ◽  
Karim Karam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Large Population ◽  
High Standard ◽  
The State ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Landslide Hazards ◽  
History Of

AbstractLandslides are one of the most vital natural hazards on Earth. To satisfy the demand for protection against landslides, it is necessary to systematically assess and manage landslide hazards and risk. Landslide mechanisms related to hydrology are analyzed with focus in the major risks, and formal risk assessment methodologies are presented in the paper. Issues related to risk assessment are discussed and different steps are described. The management of accidents in slopes is discussed, with particular emphasis to Hong Kong and Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. Hong Kong is a region of China with a large population density and very mountainous. There is a history of tragic accidents in the slopes. The territory has a tradition of a high standard in the practice of slope engineering. The establishment of an efficient security system developed by Geotechnical Engineering Office was established in the territory. Also, specific aspects of slope instability in the state of Rio de Janeiro are discussed, and in Rio de Janeiro city, with focus on cases which occurred in the mountainous region of the State. The mega-disaster that occurred in 2011, with high number of deaths and significant economic losses, is studied with incidence in individual landslides.

scholarly journals An outbreak of vesicopustular disease in humans and dairy cattle in the state of Rio de Janeiro in 2006

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann G. Schatzmayr ◽  
Phyllis C. Romijn ◽  
Débora Ferreira Barreto ◽  
Edson E. Silva ◽  
José Da Costa Farias Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The State

Contamination of Carcasses and Utensils in Small Swine Slaughterhouses by Salmonella in the Northwestern Region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 1128-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudius Couto Cabral ◽  
Pedro Henrique Nunes Panzenhagen ◽  
Karina Frensel Delgado ◽  
Gabriela Rodrigues Alves Silva ◽  
Dália dos Prazeres Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Major Producer ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

ABSTRACT Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen that constantly threatens food safety in developed countries and underdeveloped countries such as Brazil, where it is responsible for 38% of notified cases of foodborne illness. Swine are one of the main meat-producing species that may asymptomatically carry Salmonella, periodically shedding the bacteria through feces. The state of Rio de Janeiro is not a major producer of swine meat, but small slaughterhouses are operational and produce meat for consumption within the state, although few studies have been conducted in the region. In this context, this study was designed to evaluate Salmonella contamination in carcasses, lymph nodes, feces, utensils, and the environment of three small slaughterhouses in the state of Rio de Janeiro. A total of 344 samples from carcasses, utensils, equipment, water, and the environment were collected from these slaughterhouses in the northwestern region of Rio de Janeiro. Salmonella was isolated from 36 (10.5%) samples: 10 of 48 carcasses, 19 of 96 lymph nodes, 4 of 48 fecal samples, 2 of 6 water samples, and 1 of 6 bleeding knives; 55 isolates were recovered. Serotyping revealed the predominance of Salmonella Typhimurium (20 isolates) followed by Salmonella Abony (10 isolates), Salmonella Give (7 isolates), Salmonella Heidelberg (4 isolates), and Salmonella Infantis (1 isolate). Ten isolates were only partially typeable, with only their O antigen identified, and three isolates had rough, nontypeable colonies. Despite the overall low prevalence of Salmonella in this study, all three slaughterhouses had poor hygienic and sanitary conditions, providing easy routes for carcass and, consequently, meat contamination. Thus, it is imperative to enforce sanitary inspections in these establishments and to apply good manufacture practices to assure the safety of the produced pork.

scholarly journals Occurrences of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) crops under field conditions in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo da Silva Alonso ◽  
Francisco Racca-Filho ◽  
Aurino Florêncio de Lima
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

Brazil is the second world largest cassava producer and the largest one in South America. The aleyrodids, commonly known as whiteflies, are pests that affect cassava crops and might induce economic losses, due to high infestation levels. The objective of this work was to survey the whitefly species that occur feeding on cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) crops in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Leaf samplings were conducted in five municipalities of the State and the species identification was realised according to morphological characters of the 4th instar nymphs. Among the 16 aleyrodid species described feeding on cassava in the Neotropical region, Aleurothrixus aepim (Göeldi), Bemisia tuberculata Bondar and Trialeurodes manihoti (Bondar) were identified occurring in the State. The species B. tuberculata and T. manihoti  are reported for the first time in the State of Rio de Janeiro, where they were found feeding on cassava crops. Ocorrências de Moscas-Brancas (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em Lavouras de Mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) sob Condições de Campo no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Resumo. O Brasil é o segundo maior produtor mundial de mandioca e o maior produtor do continente sul americano. Os aleirodídeos, insetos comumente conhecidos como moscas-brancas, são pragas que acometem esta cultura e podem causar prejuízos econômicos, em decorrência de altas infestações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi levantar as espécies de moscas-brancas que ocorrem na cultura da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizadas amostragens de folhas em lavouras localizadas em cinco municípios do estado e a identificação das espécies foi feita por caracteres morfológicos das ninfas de 4.º instar. Das 16 espécies de aleirodídeos descritas na região Neotropical em plantas de mandioca, três foram identificadas ocorrendo no estado, Aleurothrixus aepim (Göeldi), Bemisia tuberculata Bondar e Trialeurodes manihoti (Bondar). É registrada pela primeira vez no estado a presença das espécies B. tuberculata  e T. manihoti em lavouras de mandioca.

scholarly journals Identification and Distribution of Causative Agents of Pleurisy in the Brazilian Pig Farming

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Enio Rivelino Maria Nascimento ◽  
Ricardo Zanella ◽  
Lucas Fernando Dos Santos ◽  
Rosalí Ebertz ◽  
Diego Finamor Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Commercial Laboratory ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Clinical Cases

Background: Pleurisy is defined as an inflammation of the pleural membranes, usually caused by bacterial infections. It is considered the second most common reason for condemnations of swine carcass during slaughter. Prior to slaughter, pleurisy can causes discomfort to the animals, and during the slaughter, the carcass from affected animals, has to be trimmed, reducing the value to both the farmer and the plant, increasing the costs of disposal, and line speeds are reduced, increasing processing costs. The objective of this study was to verify the prevalence and to identify the bacterial agents associated with pleurisy lesions in pigs.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, were used tissue samples from 4,536 piglets collected from the main swine producing regions of Brazil between the years 2013/2014. Samples were collected from animals that presented respiratory, enteric or nervous symptoms. Samples were sent to pathology and bacteriology examinations in a commercial laboratory. The pathogen isolates were classified according to the agent Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), Haemophilus parasuis (HPS), Streptococcus suis (S. Suis), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and Bordetella bronchiseptica (BB) stage of development and regional location of the case. Data were analyzed based on the frequency according to the age group using Fisher-test. Of the total number of animals with clinical cases investigated in this study, 10.63% of them presented pleurisy lesions. When investigating the pleurisy frequency among the states or regions, we have observed that the state of Santa Catarina had the higher prevalence of pleurisy with 35.06% of cases, followed by the state of Minas Gerais with 35.31%, Rio Grande do Sul with 17.22% Paraná with 9.75% and the Midwest region had the lower prevalence with 6.02% of cases. Out of the total isolates, HPS were isolated in 55.0% of the total; P. multocida 31.0%; S. suis 7.0%; APP 6.0% and BB 1.0%. The higher prevalence of HPS was identified in southern states, while in MG, Southeast and Midwest there was equality between HPS and P. multocida isolations. The prevalence of HPS (P < 0.05) was in the nursery phase. P. multocida and APP prevailed in the growth and fattening phases.Discussion: In the swine industry, respiratory problems are responsible for huge economic losses caused to the animals, including treatment, condemnation of carcass up to the death of the animal, without including the animal pain and discomfort condition. Our data support the previous findings that P. multocida, was observed in higher frequency in the phase of growth (54.08%) and finishing (29.85%), being responsible to 83.93% of the cases in those phases. Therefore it could be considered the most economically important agent, since the HPS lesions are repaired over time, having low identification at later ages and slaughter of the pig. Similar findings were observed with APP. The S. suis and BB have been identified in sporadic forms. Knowing the possible agente causing the lesion based on the animal age and country region it is easier to predict with higher chances better management techniques to prevent the pathogen occurrence or even indicate a better treatment to reduce the lesion levels. Our data supported hypotheses of the identification of clinical cases and the animal growth stage for the most accurate classification for the success of animal treatment.

scholarly journals Detection and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax in dairy cattle in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osires Lustosa Eloi Vieira ◽  
Lucia Oliveira de Macedo ◽  
Marcos Antônio Bezerra Santos ◽  
José Augusto Bastos Afonso Silva ◽  
Carla Lopes de Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Cattle Herds

Abstract Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax is an important cause of economic losses among feedlot cattle. These losses are related to the morbidity, mortality, reproductive issues and decreased production. It is known that the clinical signs observed in infections by this protozoon are similar to other hemoparasitosis, which difficult the diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect and molecularly characterize an outbreak of trypanosomiasis caused by T. (D.) vivax in dairy cattle in the municipality of São Miguel Aleixo, state of Sergipe, Brazil. Blood samples from cattle (n = 15) presenting clinical signs compatible with trypanosomiasis were collected and parasitological and molecular evaluated. Among the samples analyzed, 34% (5/15) were positive from blood smears, 60% (9/15) from the buffy coat method and 80% (12/15) from the molecular method. The DNA sequence obtained (659 bp) showed 99% similarity to T. (D.) vivax sequences that are available in the GenBank database. The presence of this protozoon in cattle herds is a problem for producers. Diagnosing trypanosomiasis is problematic because its evolution is similar to that of other parasitic blood diseases. In addition, this is the first report of infection by T. (D.) vivax in cattle in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil.

scholarly journals ANIMAL INFECTIONS BY VACCINIA-LIKE VIRUSES IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO: 1- NORTHWESTERN REGION

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Simonetti ◽  
D. C. Abreu ◽  
J. P. Simonetti ◽  
M. C. R. Gonçalves ◽  
M. E. V. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The State ◽  
Northwestern Region

Integração local da população refugiada no estado do Rio de Janeiro:

Revista Prumo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Ariane Rego de Paiva ◽  
Roberta Gomes Thomé
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Refugee Population ◽  
Local Integration

This work presents a problematization about the local integration of refugees as one of the lasting solutions proposed by the UNHCR and the present challenges for the consolidation of policies of social protection for this segment in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This study was made through the bibliographic analisis and systematization of a workshop about the thematics carried with governamental and non-governamental agents and leaderships in the refugee population in the occasion of the seminar Mobility Crossroads: knowledge and practices in protection policies for refugee populations and migrants in vulnerable situation, which occurred in November 2017, organized by Cátedra Sérgio Vieira de Mello of PUC-Rio.

scholarly journals Occurrence of abortions induced by Neospora caninum in dairy cattle from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto Barbosa de Macedo ◽  
Madlaine Frigo Silveira Barbosa de Macedo ◽  
Ana Carolina Miura ◽  
Alessandra Taroda ◽  
Sergio Tosi Cardim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of N. caninum associated with abortions of dairy cattle from Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blood from dairy cows that aborted along with intrathoracic fluid and tissue samples (brain, heart, liver, and lung) from their fetuses were collected and used for serology; PCR, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluations were also conducted. Twenty-one cows (51.2%) out of 41, and eight fetuses (26.7%) out of 30 were ELISA (HerdCheck, IDEXX) positive for N. caninum. Dams > 36 months of age had a higher risk of being serum positive than younger animals. PCR and IHC revealed that 38.8% (14/36) and 25.0% (9/36) of the fetuses were positive for N. caninum, respectively for each of the tests. Seropositive cows had a higher frequency of fetuses that were also positive by either intrathoracic fluid, PCR, or IHC. In summary, the present study observed a high frequency of N. caninum in abortions from dairy cows from southern Brazil, with a higher N. caninum prevalence found in cows that were older than 36 months. In addition, serology, PCR, and IHC should be used all together for better diagnosis of neosporosis in cattle.

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