The Relationship of Cigarette Smoking and other Substance Use among College Students

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Gray
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Illicit Substances

A questionnaire relating to cigarette smoking behavior and use of other substances was administered to 863 college students in the state of Oregon. Results indicated that there was not a significant difference between cigarette smokers and non-smokers with regard to use of smokeless tobacco, alcohol consumption, or marijuana use. There was, however, a significant difference in the use of other illicit substances when comparing cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Cigarette smokers were much more likely to use illicit substances on an occasional or regular basis than were non-smokers. Smokeless tobacco users who indicated that they consumed alcohol and used marijuana and other illicit substances were more likely to consume more alcohol on a weekly basis than non-users. They were also more likely to use marijuana and other illicit substances on an occasional and regular basis.

The relationship of body image dissatisfaction to cigarette smoking in college students

Body Image ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Clark ◽  
Ivana T. Croghan ◽  
Stephanie Reading ◽  
Darrell R. Schroeder ◽  
Sarah M. Stoner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Cigarette smoking and depression: a question of causation

2010 ◽  
Vol 196 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus R. Munafò ◽  
Ricardo Araya
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Causal Direction ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryCigarette smokers frequently describe the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of smoking, but evidence suggests that cigarette smoking may itself increase negative affect, so that the causal direction of this association remains unclear. Although increasingly sophisticated analyses of epidemiological data may help to answer this question, observational data can never unequivocally provide evidence of causation. Here we discuss the potential utility of genetic information in determining the causal basis of the relationship of cigarette smoking and depression.

The Relationship of University Students' Sleep Habits and Academic Motivation

NASPA Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellah M. Edens
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
College Health ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Lack Of Sleep ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

College students are sleeping less during the week than reported a few years ago. Lack of sleep among college students has been identified as one of the top three healthrelated impediments to academic performance by the American College Health Association’s National College Health Assessment survey; and it is associated with lower grades, incompletion of courses, as well as negative moods. This research examines the underlying dynamics of lack of sleep on academic motivation, a key predictor of academic performance. Specifically, the relationship of sleep habits with self-efficacy, performance versus mastery goal orientation, persistence, and tendency to procrastinate were investigated. Findings indicate that 42% of the participants (159 students out of a total of 377) experience excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS); and those identified with EDS tend: (1) to be motivated by performance goals rather than mastery goals; (2) to engage in procrastination (a self-handicapping strategy) to a greater extent than students who are rested; and (3) to have decreased self-efficacy, as compared to students not reporting EDS. Several recommendations for campus health professionals to consider for a Healthy Campus Initiative are made based on the findings.

scholarly journals MUC1 and MUC5AC Acting on Helicobacter pylori-Related Deficiency and Solid Syndrome of Spleen and Stomach

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ling Hu ◽  
Wanqun Chen ◽  
Ming Cheng ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Shaoyang Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tai Ji ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Heat Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

To investigate the relationship of MUC1, MUC5AC, and the syndrome of spleen and stomach, 109 subjects (34 peptic ulcer (PU), 62 chronic gastritis (CG), and 13 healthy volunteers (CON)) were included. All the subjects included were surveyed with questionnaire to classify them into damp-heat syndrome of spleen and stomach (DHSS), spleen-qi deficiency syndrome (SQD), and CON, examined by gastric endoscope, and biopsied. Rapid urease and methylene blue staining (MBS) were performed on every subject to diagnose for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, and both were defined as Hp-positive. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed on every specimen to explore the histomorphology, inflammatory degree, and inflammatory activity of different groups; then Elivision™ plus kit was used to test the expression of MUC1 and MUC5AC. All the results of digital images were reviewed by two experts blindly. The inflammatory degree with Hp infection was higher than those uninfected or CON, but no significant difference was found between DHSS and SQD. And the expressions of MUC5AC with positive Hp was higher than those with negative Hp or CON regardless of the deficiency and solid syndrome of spleen-stomach but not for MUC1. We speculate that the deficiency and solid syndrome of spleen-stomach is a condition like Tai Ji symbol of dynamic equilibrium, showing the higher expression of MUC5AC but no change of MUC1 in the circumstance of Hp infection.

The Approval Motive, Vicarious Reinforcement and Verbal Conditioning

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Marlowe ◽  
Russell S. Beecher ◽  
Jonathan B. Cook ◽  
Anthony N. Doob
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Verbal Conditioning ◽  
Reinforcement Condition ◽  
Sentence Construction ◽  
Need For Approval ◽  
Conditioning Effect ◽  
Vicarious Reinforcement ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Construction Task

This study investigated the relationship of approval motivation to verbal conditioning under vicarious reinforcement. Fifteen college students completed 20 operant trials in a sentence construction task. They then observed E reinforce a “programmed” confederate who emitted critical responses according to a typical acquisition curve. Fifteen control Ss observed identical confederate behavior with the reinforcements omitted. An additional 15 control Ss did not receive the observation phase. All Ss then were given 40 nonreinforced trials. A significant conditioning effect occurred only for Ss with high need for approval in the vicarious reinforcement condition. Results were related to previous verbal conditioning research.

Materialism and Credit Card Use by College Students

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Pinto ◽  
Diane H. Parente ◽  
Todd S. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Credit Cards ◽  
The United States ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Spending Patterns ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Credit Card Use

Much has been written in the popular press on credit card use and spending patterns of American college students. The proliferation of credit cards and their ease of acquisition ensure that students today have more opportunities for making more credit purchases than any other generation of college students. Little is known about the relationship between students' attitudes towards materialism and their use of credit cards. A study was conducted at three college campuses in the northeastern part of the United States where a total of 1,022 students were surveyed. Students' attitudes toward use of credit and their credit card balances were evaluated relative to their scores on Richins and Dawson's Materialism Scale (1992). Our findings suggest no significant difference between those individuals scoring high versus low on the Materialism Scale in terms of the number of credit cards owned and the average balance owed. Individuals high on materialism, however, significantly differed in terms of their uses for credit cards and their general attitude toward their use.

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