Use of Prescribed Medicines: A Proxy Indicator of Access and Health Status

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Kasper ◽  
Renate Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Social Class ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical Care Costs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Educational Groups ◽  
Prescribed Medicines ◽  
Poor Children ◽  
Care Costs

This paper summarizes data on the use of prescribed medicines in the United States in 1977. Likelihood and volume of use by selected demographic characteristics are presented, as well as age-specific rates by condition groups. Differences in prescribed medicine use for 1977 indicate that children from poor and less educated families have a lower likelihood of receiving a prescription than do the better-off in their age group. This difference appears to correspond to levels of physician use, which differed by 20 percent across educational groups, despite the existence of Medicaid which covers medical care costs for eligible poor children. Once poorer children did see a physician, however, there was no difference in the number of prescriptions written for this age group, reflecting similar physician responses to the diseases of childhood regardless of the social class of the patient. For older persons, these differences in access by social class were not observed. Their likelihood of receiving at least one prescription was comparable regardless of income and education. However, the poor and less educated elderly required more prescriptions than the better-off. The likelihood is that the differences in prescribing seen for this age group reflect differences in levels of illness or health status.

scholarly journals Medical Care Costs Associated with Cancer Survivorship in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1304-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela B. Mariotto ◽  
Lindsey Enewold ◽  
Jingxuan Zhao ◽  
Christopher A. Zeruto ◽  
K. Robin Yabroff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Cancer Survivorship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Care Costs ◽  
Care Costs

Finding the American Dream Abroad? Narratives of Return Among 1.5 and Second Generation Vietnamese American Skilled Migrants in Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mytoan Nguyen-Akbar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
American Dream ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vietnamese American ◽  
The Social ◽  
Migrant Selectivity

This essay, using multi-sited ethnographic methods, discusses the motivations for the en masse longer-term migration of 1.5 and second generation Vietnamese American professionals to their parents’ ancestral homeland during the 2000s. Social class dynamics, gender, racial, and national identity in the United States and migrant selectivity inform their decisions to migrate to the ancestral homeland for personal growth and to help develop the country. The interviewees’ framing of return experiences reflects the social ambivalence of returning as “in between” subjects in pursuit of a liberal capitalist American Dream abroad.

scholarly journals La práctica de actividad física y deporte: una demanda sociológicamente construida = The practice of physical activity and sports: a socially constructed demand

2018 ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
María Martín Rodríguez ◽  
María Espada Mateos ◽  
David Moscoso Sánchez ◽  
José Emilio Jiménez-Beatty ◽  
José Antonio Santacruz Lozano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Age Group ◽  
National Plan ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Resumen: En este artículo se analizan los datos de un estudio sobre las demandas sociales de actividad física y deporte entre las personas adultas en España. En concreto, se estudia la relación existente entre las diferencias sociológicas de los individuos, según el tamaño demográfico de su municipio de residencia, nivel de estudios y clase social, y las demandas de actividad física o deporte. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una investigación de carácter cuantitativo, consistente en la realización de una encuesta administrada de forma presencial a una muestra de 3.463 personas a escala nacional de una franja de edad de 30 a 64 años. La investigación fue financiada en el marco del Plan Nacional de I+D+i, del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación del Gobierno de España. Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los diversos tipos de demanda de actividad física o deporte, según el nivel de estudios finalizados y la clase social.Abstract:In this paper are analysed data from a study on the social demands of physical activity and sport among adults in Spain. Concretely, are studied the relationship between the sociological differences of individuals, according to the demographic size of their municipality of residence, level of education and social class, and the demands of physical activity or sport. In order to, a quantitative research has been carried out. This research consisted of the conduct of a survey administered presently to a sample of 3463 people to national scale in an age group of 30 to 64 years. The research was funded under the National Plan of I+D+i Plan of the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Government of Spain. The results show statistically significant differences between the diverse types of demand for physical activity or sport, according to the level of studies completed and social class.

Social Class Identification and Class Interest in Taiwan

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-41
Author(s):  
Robert Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
The United States ◽  
Class Conflict ◽  
Interest Theory ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Class Interest ◽  
The Social ◽  
Class Identification ◽  
Stratification System

AbstractAre social classes perceived as a meaningful source of identity in Taiwan? I explore this issue with data from a 1992 survey (N = 2,377) of the population of Taiwan. Respondents were asked, "If people in our society are divided into upper, upper middle, middle, lower middle, working and lower classes, which class do you think you belong to?" Ninety-eight per cent placed themselves in one or the other of these six classes. The modal responses were "middle class" (41%) and "working class" (29%). Two tests are made of whether these responses are meaningful and consequential. First, I show that subjective class identification is rooted in respondent's position in the objective stratification system, i.e., the higher one's education, occupation, power and income, the higher the social class with which one identifies. The second test is the extent to which, controlling for one's objective position in the stratification system, subjective class identification has significant net effects on attitudes toward class issues (e.g, whether big enterprises have too much economic and political power). Class interest theory predicts that Taiwanese who identify with the "middle" or higher classes have a more conservative ideology concerning class conflict, while those who think of themselves as "working class" or lower are more likely to believe there is class conflict, to favor collective action by employees against their employer, and to think big enterprises have too much power. Multiple regression analysis provides at best weak support for class interest theory. Subjective class identification has a significant net effect on attitudes toward only two of eight class issues. While the Taiwan respondents are not generally conservative on these class issues, class identification appears to have little to do with whether one is conservative or nonconservative. A serendipitous finding concerns education, which more than any other variable had significant net effects on attitudes toward class issues. It is Taiwan's most educated who are the least conservative on class issues. This finding has parallels with what some observers of Europe and the United States have called the New Class. The paper concludes with a discussion of the reasons why class identification is only weakly consequential for class-relevant beliefs in Taiwan.

Problem Behavior of Adolescents

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
Charles E. Irwin ◽  
Sheryl A. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Outpatient Physician ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Excellent Health ◽  
Public Health Officials

The health problems of adolescents have recently become the focus of new and unprecedented attention by public health officials and physician organizations. By traditional outcome measures of morbidity and mortality, the health status of adolescents in the United States is excellent. Outpatient physician use and hospital discharge rates for the age group 11 to 20 years remain the lowest of any age cohort.1 Because of these low frequency utilization rates and apparent excellent health status, the pediatrician has a major challenge: how to identify emergent problems in his or her preadolescent and adolescent patients. These data concern primarily short-term, medical outcomes and provide little information about rates of chronic medical and psychologic disability, rates of change of behaviors during the second decade of life, and, most important, behavior-related problems, which often have their onset during adolescence. A different picture of adolescent health emerges when the causes of mortality are assessed. In 1986, 80% of the deaths in this age group were from accidents, homicides, and suicides—an increase from 51% in 1950. Furthermore, when the rate of change of mortality is evaluated during the second decade, there is a 200% increase, the largest in any single decade of the lifespan.2 Although hospitalization rates are low in this age group, leading discharge diagnoses, excluding pregnancy-related causes, are injuries and poisonings.

The Role of Family-Supportive Policies in the Decision to Have Children

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-130
Author(s):  
Barbara Bennett Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
Universal Family ◽  
The Social ◽  
Poor Children ◽  
The Village

Chapter six explores the relationship between declining birth rates and family supportive policies. Research on the social construction of parenthood shows that Italians continue to desire children and see parenthood as an important and fulfilling role. Disincentives to childbearing include economic insecurity, escalating costs of childrearing, and insufficient funding of family supportive policies. Rather than avoiding parental responsibility, fathers are increasingly involved in childrearing and grandparents and extended family provide significant caregiving support. The author’s field observations in the village of Scanno confirm the positive involvement of fathers, extended family, and the community in childrearing. The principle of duty on the part of government to protect and support families is embedded in the Italian Constitution, so there is broad support for policies such as universal healthcare, paid parenting leave, subsidized day care and early childhood education, and cash subsidies for families raising children. In the United States, traditions favouring individualism and assigning responsibility for childrearing to the private family have blocked the development of universal, family-supportive policies. Despite its wealth, the U.S. lags far behind peer nations in providing public support during early childhood, exacerbating inequalities between rich and poor children.

scholarly journals Drawing on students’ funds of knowledge

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Folk
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Achievement Gap ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Funds Of Knowledge ◽  
Underrepresented Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Generation College Students ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Social

Despite programmes and initiatives intended to enable access to higher education for underrepresented students, higher education in the United States suffers from a persistent social class achievement gap. Although research exists about the social and academic factors that contribute to the social class achievement gap, one ubiquitous practice in higher education has been neglected – the research assignment. In this article, I share a subset of findings from a qualitative study that explores first-generation college students’ experiences with research assignments in college. In particular, I present four case studies of participants who relied on their identities and prior knowledge to successfully a complete research assignment. Finally, I introduce the funds of knowledge concept, which honours students’ identities and lived experiences, to provide a conceptual approach for engaging underrepresented and minoritised students through research assignments.

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