The Balance between AID for Social and Economic Development and AID for Population Control

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-674
Author(s):  
Roger Revelle
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Socioeconomic Mobility ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Lower Ratio ◽  
Rich Countries

The rich countries can best help the poor ones to lower their rates of population growth by providing assistance, including assistance for family planning, that will help to improve the conditions of life for the majority of the population in such a way that they will want and have fewer children. Although there is considerable empirical evidence for this position, it cannot be either proven or disproven on statistical grounds and must be based on political and moral reasons, as well as statistical ones. For the people most directly concerned, a reduction in the rate of population growth is not an end in itself, but only one of the factors needed to improve their conditions of life. These factors include, besides a lower ratio of children to adults, the following: rational urbanization, rising incomes, introduction of modern agricultural practices, more education, improved health services, higher levels of employment and education for women, better communications, greater opportunities for socioeconomic mobility, and reductions in infant and child mortality. Undue concentration on population control will be counterproductive in the long run, even in purely pragmatic terms, and it can have little moral justification.

Theories of Majority Rule

1932 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gilbert Heinberg
Keyword(s):  
Canon Law ◽  
Majority Rule ◽  
Greek City ◽  
External Resources ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Rich ◽  
City States ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do So

The term “majority rule” is as impossible to escape as it is apparently difficult to define with precision. Aristotle generally employed it to designate the conduct of government by the poor citizens, who were more numerous than the rich, in the Greek city states. In canon law, it meant the verdict of the maior and sanior pars of a small group. Frederic Harrison wrote about the “rule” of the “effective majority”—that section of any community or social aggregate, which, for the matter in hand, practically outweighs the remainder. He explains that it may do so “by virtue of its preponderance in numbers, or in influence, or in force of conviction, or in external resources, or in many other ways.” Sir George Cornewall Lewis thought that where the ultimate decision is vested in a body there is no alternative other than to count numbers, and to abide by the opinion of a majority. But in alleging that “no historian, in discussing the justice or propriety of any decision of a legislative body, or of a court of justice, thinks of defending the decision of the majority by saying that it was the decision of the majority,” he did not anticipate the view of the English historian Hearnshaw. According to the latter, “The faith of a democrat requires him to believe that in the long run the majority of the people finds its way to the truth, and that in the long run it tries to do the right.”

Fertility and Family Planning in Africa

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Dow
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Demographic Research ◽  
Subsaharan Africa ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Sub Saharan

As the result of recent demographic research, we now have a reasonable basis for estimating rates of birth, death, and population growth in subSaharan Africa. These findings suggest that fertility is higher, and mortality lower, than had previously been assumed. This combination of high fertility and declining mortality implies a high rate of population growth. The compatibility of such a growth rate with existing plans for social and economic development is doubtful. This article examines the findings and issues, and seeks to determine the feasibility of population control in sub-Saharan Africa.

Introduction

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian W. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
India And China

This introductory chapter provides an inquiry into why Australia is rich—which adopts a historical approach because the roots of prosperity are embedded in the past. The levels of income observed in the currently rich economies are in every case the result of very long-run processes. Economies do not move rapidly from poverty and backwardness to advanced industrial status and concomitant prosperity despite the achievements of some being described as “economic miracles.” Even with the impressive growth rates recently recorded in a number of poor countries such as India and China, attaining incomes comparable to the rich countries takes many decades. The need for a historical perspective arises also because any persuasive explanation for Australia's current high-income status must highlight long-established features of its economy and society.

scholarly journals Viabilidad del desarrollo sostenible en un mundo insolidario : consumo energético e impacto ambiental

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Mingorance Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The People ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Global Heating

El acelerado crecimiento económico de los países desarrollados y la peligrosa imitación de este modelo por parte de los países en vías de desarrollo (PVD) suponen una seria y preocupante amenaza para los habitantes del Planeta. En el catálogo de problemas ambientales destaca el calentamiento global de la atmósfera, causado fundamentalmente por la combustión de energías fósiles y la deforestación. Por ello, se trata de disuadir a los PVD para que no subordinen su progreso a los combustibles fósiles. La consecución de este propósito depende de la solidaridad de los países ricos.La croissance e'conomique accélérée des pays développés et la dangereuse imitation de ce modele par les pays en voie de développement (PVD) constituent une menace inquietante pour les habitants de la Planéte. Le réchauffement global de l'atmosphére est un des plus importants problémes de l'environnement, celui-ci est causé essentiellement par la combustión des énergies fossiles et par la déforestacion. C'est pourquoi il s'agit de dissuader les PVD afin qu'iis ne conditionnent leur progrés á ce genre de combustibles. Le succés de cet entreprise dépend absolument de la solidarité des pays riches. The accelerated economic growth of the developped countries and the dangerous imitation of this model by the developing countries means a serious and worrying threat for the people of this planet. The global heating of the atmosphere is one of the most concerning environmental probiem, which is basically caused by the burning of fossil énergies and deforestation. Therefore, it is necessary to deter developing countries from using fossil fuels in their effort to progress. The achievement of this goal depends on the solidarity of the rich countries.

Population Change, Modernization and Welfare. By Joseph Spengler. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1974.

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-222
Author(s):  
Zeba A. Sathar
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Almost All

The book covers a wide field, touching on almost all aspects of popula¬tion change on a world-wide scale. It discusses, using world and country data, the relationships between demographic and socio-economic variables, and elaborates on" their relative importance in the determination of population problems which confront the world as a whole and nations individually. Policies designed to alleviate these problems are discussed with an emphasis on those related to population control. The first chapter is entitled "Population Growth: Past and Prospective" and reviews the various parameters associated with population change in the past and in the future. It touches upon the concept of a stable population in order to show the elements which cause a population to change (i.e. remove it from its stable condition). The main elements of change, population growth, migration, mortality and natality are discussed individually. The chapter is concluded by a description of the main differences in these elements and other socio-economic conditions as they exist in the less-developed and developed countries.

Popular Resource Sovereignty

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Wenar
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
The People ◽  
Rich Countries

Article 1 of both of the major human rights covenants declares that the people of each country “shall freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources.” This chapter considers what conditions would have to hold for the people of a country to exercise this right—and why public accountability over natural resources is the only realistic solution to the “resource curse,” which makes resource-rich countries more prone to authoritarianism, civil conflict, and large-scale corruption. It also discusses why cosmopolitans, who have often been highly critical of prerogatives of state sovereignty, have good reason to endorse popular sovereignty over natural resources. Those who hope for more cosmopolitan institutions should see strengthening popular resource sovereignty as the most responsible path to achieving their own goals.

Generating Prosperity for Working Families in Affluent Countries

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Working Families ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Analysis Of Performance

This book addresses the central challenge facing rich countries: how to ensure that ordinary working families see their living standards and the prospects for their children improve rather than stagnate over time. It presents the findings from a comprehensive analysis of performance over recent decades across the rich countries of the OECD, in terms of real income growth around and below the middle. It relates this performance to overall economic growth, exploring why these often diverge substantially, and to the different models of capitalism or economic growth embedded in different countries. In-depth comparative and UK-focused analyses also focus on wages and the labour market and on the role of redistribution. Going beyond income, other indicators and aspects of living standards are also incorporated including non-monetary indicators of deprivation and financial strain, wealth and its distribution, and intergenerational mobility. By looking across this broad canvas, the book teases out how ordinary households have fared in recent decades in these critically important respects, and how that should inform the quest for inclusive growth and prosperity.

scholarly journals Family planning program under low fertility: where to go

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baochang Gu
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Family Planning Program ◽  
Population Control ◽  
First Century ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Planning Program ◽  
The People ◽  
The Family

AbstractThis commentary is intended to take China as a case to discuss the mission of the family planning program under low fertility scenario. After a brief review of the initiation of family planning program in the 1970s, as well as the reorientation of family planning program since ICPD in 1994, it will focus on the new mission for the family planning program under low fertility scenario in the twenty-first century, in particular concerning the issue of induced abortion among the others. Given the enormous evidence of unmet needs in reproductive health as identified in the discussion, it is argued that family planning programmes are in fact even more needed than ever before under low-fertility scenario, and should not be abandoned but strengthened, which clearly has nothing to do to call back to the program for population control in the 1970s–1980s, and nor even go back to the program for “two reorientations” in the 1990s, but to aim to serving the people to fulfill their reproductive health and reproductive rights in light of ICPD and SDGs, and to become truly integral component of “Healthy China 2030” Strategy.

National Customs and Traditions in the Educational Process for Primary School Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Malik Gabdullin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
School Students ◽  
The People ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level

The main direction of the educational process is to develop the education system in accordance with the strategic directions of social and economic development of the republic, integrating it into the world educational space, preserving its national essence through the use of national customs and traditions, as well as cultural values, creating conditions for the formation of a personality in the national spirit, development of a high level of outlook and creative potential of the personality, cognitive competences. The implementation of these tasks requires a review of the content of the educational process in the country's schools from a new methodological standpoint, based on the use of elements of national customs and traditions. Such a new methodological system shows the need for radical changes in the traditional educational process, the development of a creative approach to teaching, and the updating of the content of education on a national basis.In the modern period of the development of society in the educational process of educational institutions the principle of education is implemented, taking into account the comprehensive development of students, such a system of education and upbringing provides an opportunity for the formation of cultural and ethnic identity, it is aimed at an in-depth study of the spiritual culture of the people and the ability to connect it with modern values. This system of education and training is based on the link between national customs and traditions (customs and traditions related to children's upbringing, household customs and traditions, social customs and traditions) and the educational process.

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