Provocation of Pseudoseizures by Psychiatric Interview during EEG and Video Monitoring

Objective: This paper discusses a new technique for diagnosing pseudoseizures. The technique consists of an intensive psychiatric interview designed to provoke a pseudoseizure during EEG and video monitoring. We wished to determine the overall efficacy of the technique and learn how our patients felt about having undergone the procedure. We were also interested in whether their seizures persisted approximately three years later. Method: We reviewed medical records and conducted telephone interviews with thirty of thirty-two patients who had previously undergone the procedure as part of an evaluation for unusual or intractable seizures. All evaluations had been performed on a university hospital neurology service. The patients were consecutive referrals to the consultative psychiatry service for suspicion of pseudoseizures. Results: Nineteen of the thirty-two patients interviewed had a pseudoseizure under EEG and video monitoring. Of the thirty reached by telephone for follow-up, twenty-two recalled the procedure as helpful or benign. None regarded the overall psychiatric consultation negatively. Among the patients who had exhibited pseudoseizures there was a variety of psychiatric diagnoses with a preponderance of personality disorders. Two thirds of those patients without coexisting epilepsy stopped having seizures or rarely had seizures following their evaluations. Conclusions: The diagnostic technique described here is useful in patients with possible pseudoseizures. It does not appear to be harmful when employed as part of a comprehensive psychiatric consultation. How it may compare with other methods of pseudoseizure diagnosis will have to be determined by further study.