Preventive Reassignment of Pregnant or Breast-Feeding Workers: The Québec Model

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Lippel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
North America ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Paid Leave ◽  
Fetal Protection ◽  
Safe Work ◽  
Definition Of

This article examines the Québec legislation regarding the preventive reassignment of pregnant or breast-feeding workers, a program designed to enable pregnant workers to obtain safe work or paid leave during pregnancy. The author describes the program, considers the role of treating physicians and public health physicians in its application, and concludes with an analysis of its qualities and drawbacks. Conclusions are based on the analysis of 349 Appeal Tribunal decisions representing all final appeal decisions relating to the program that circumscribe conditions of application, particularly in relation to definition of hazards and the role of doctors in adjudication. Although this program is currently unique in North America, the author suggests that it may serve as a model for other jurisdictions, providing a progressive alternative to traditional fetal protection policies.

scholarly journals Genomic epidemiology of Salmonella enterica circulating in surface waters used in agriculture and aquaculture in central Mexico

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Ballesteros-Nova ◽  
S. Sánchez ◽  
J. L. Steffani ◽  
L. C. Sierra ◽  
Z. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
North America ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Clinical Cases

Salmonella enterica (SE) can survive in surface waters (SuWa) and the role of non-host environments in its transmission has acquired increasing relevance. In this study, we conducted comparative genomic analyses of 172 SE isolates collected from SuWa across three months in six states of central Mexico during 2019. SE transmission dynamics were assessed using 87 experimental and 112 public isolates from Mexico collected during 2002-2019. We also studied genetic relatedness between SuWa isolates and human clinical strains collected in North America during 2005-2020. Among experimental isolates, we identified 41 SE serovars and 56 multi-locus sequence types (ST). Predominant serovars were Senftenberg (n=13), Meleagridis, Agona, and Newport (n=12 each), Give (n=10), Anatum (n=8), Adelaide (n=7), and Infantis, Mbandaka, Ohio and Typhimurium (n=6 each). We observed a high genetic diversity in the sample under study, as well as clonal dissemination of strains across distant regions. Some of these strains are epidemiologically important (ST14, ST45, ST118, ST132, ST198, and ST213), and were genotypically close to those involved in clinical cases in North America. Transmission network analysis suggests that SuWa are a relevant source of SE (0.7 source/hub ratio) and contributes to its dissemination as isolates from varied sources and clinical cases have SuWa isolates as common ancestors. Overall, the study shows SuWa act as reservoir of various SE serovars of public health significance. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms involved in SuWa contamination by SE, as well as develop interventions to contain its dissemination to food production settings. Study importance Surface waters are heavily used in food production worldwide. Several human pathogens can survive in these waters for long periods and disseminate to food production environments, contaminating our food supply. One of these pathogens is Salmonella enterica , a leading cause of foodborne infections, hospitalizations and deaths in many countries. This research demonstrates the role of surface waters as a vehicle for the transmission of Salmonella along food production chains. It also shows some strains circulating in surface waters are very similar to those implicated in human infections and harbor genes that confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, posing a risk to public health. The study contributes to expand our current knowledge on the ecology and epidemiology of Salmonella in surface waters.

Ethics in Public Health Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-174
Author(s):  
Robert E. McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Means And Ends ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Preventive Ethics

This chapter outlines a foundation for addressing ethical concerns in public health practice, which is informed by the approach of Alasdair MacIntyre's definition of practice. It talks about the goal of public health and views practice as directed toward fulfillment of that goal and related goods, providing a common ground on which to base further discussions. It cites the foundational values of public health practice in identifying the common moral governance. It also looks at a common element of recent arguments on the importance and value of health that is necessarily for human well-being and flourishing, a perspective essential for discussions of the role of human rights and equity in public health ethics. The chapter delves into considerations of value that are related to the ends of public health but are also critical in the assessment and implementation of how those ends are achieved. It highlights the task of ethics that involves a continuing examination of means and ends in an iterative process. Though written before the COVID-19 pandemic, the chapter addresses the importance of public health preparedness for disasters and pandemics, including an outline of Preventive Ethics as central to ethical planning and implementation of public health prevention and response.

scholarly journals Critical health literacy in pandemics: the special case of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Abel ◽  
David McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Critical Health Literacy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Special Case

Summary In the current COVID-19 pandemic the active participation of the public is of central importance, however, certain factors found in this new pandemic disease complicates the participation. Addressing these complications needs public health and health promotion experts to understand the role of critical health literacy in a pandemic. We present the case for a definition of critical health literacy in a pandemic, CHL-P. We suggest that CHL-P can help professionals to support individuals and communities as agents for effectively dealing with the unique features of this pandemic.

Enlisting the Family in Missions to Korea

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Kinship Networks ◽  
The Family ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mission Movement

Studies of the role of family in the modern mission movement have greatly expanded our understanding of the multiplicity of dynamics at play in missions work. In particular, the contributions of wives, whether formally appointed as missionaries or not, have been made increasingly visible. The near exclusive definition of family as conjugal unit of married couples and their children, however, has left invisible the contributions of broader family to the work of missions. This paper considers two individuals, John Thomas Underwood and Emma Jane Harpster, and the kinship networks they represent. Though neither were missionaries, each was drawn by family into the work of missions in Korea. Following recent analyses of the importance of broader kinship networks in the development of the middle classes in nineteenth-century Europe and North America, this paper suggests such networks were also of significance in the modern mission movement.

scholarly journals Decolonizing Othello in search of black feminist North American identities: Djanet Sears' Harlem duet and Toni Morrison's Desdemona

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicent Cucarella-Ramon
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Black Feminist ◽  
Female Self ◽  
The Us ◽  
African America ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Interesting Reading ◽  
African Canadian

<p>The plays <em>Harlem duet </em>(1997) by African Canadian playwright Djanet Sears and <em>Desdemona </em>(2012) by Toni Morrison signify upon European texts aiming to carve out a new definition of what it means to be black in North America. Therefore both texts make for interesting reading in the study of (black) identity construction within US and Canadian contexts for, by revising Shakespeare’s <em>Othello</em>, they rethink and rewrite a social and racial reality unrelentingly disrupted by difference and hybridity. Sears’ play establishes a specific reading of Canadianness in dialogue with African America to erect a possibility of healing and inclusion, offering a feminist vision of the black self. Similarly, Morrison inscribes the voice of Africa within the US to conclude Sears’ account of a feminist and transnational subjectivity for blacks in North America. By reversing the manly ethos that characterized Shakespeare’s story and bringing the role of women to the front, both plays succeed in readjusting the Shakespearean story to render a feminist, transnational, cosmopolitan and democratic definition of the black female self.</p>

Challenges of Fear Conditioning Research in the Age of RDoC

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Jan Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.

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