Does Teaching Involve Informing?

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
One To One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Source Of Information

The author of this article contends that there is more to teaching than the teacher possessing a body of information and using group dynamics in passing the information to the students. One-to-one teaching could be better used through the study of behavior and the individual verification of ideas. The author refers to research in the utilitarian verification of ideas and the frequency of error, and he takes note of the difficulties inherent in translation. The role of the teacher in this age of new training methods is clear. He must not only explain concepts but also the different expressions used to refer to them. Also cited is the use of questionnaires and the student analysis of information. The author considers telematics to be a most important source of information.

The Role of Normative Information in Judgments of Others

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine H. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Interpersonal Perception ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Average Person ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Source Of Information

When forming impressions of an other’s personality, people often rely on information not directly related to the individual at hand. One source of information that can influence people’s impressions of others is the personality of the average person (i.e., normative profile). This relationship between the normative profile and an impression is called normative accuracy or normativity. In this chapter, you will learn about the average personality, why it is important, the relationship to social desirability and what it means to have a normative impression, as well as correlates and moderators of normativity. More broadly, you will learn about current research and views regarding the normative profile and normative impressions as well as concrete steps for incorporating this approach into your future research on interpersonal perception.

The influence of “Facebook friends” on the intention to join brand pages

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Palazon ◽  
María Sicilia ◽  
Manuela Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Tie Strength ◽  
Weak Ties ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Past Behavior ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Experience ◽  
Source Of Information

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the role of Facebook friends on the intention to join brand pages in this social network site (SNS). SNSs have grown in both popularity and use. They allow individuals to articulate their social networks by developing a list of other members on the site with whom they share a connection. These platforms also allow companies to create profiles to promote their brands. However, many firms have jumped into SNSs by creating a “brand page” without fully understanding how to spread it successfully. Design/methodology/approach – Two experiments were developed. In the first one, the authors manipulated how the individual comes to know about brand pages. Participants discovered a brand page through a friend with whom they have either a strong tie or a weak tie. In the second experiment (2 × 2), the authors manipulated tie strength (strong vs weak) and the type of recommendation (active vs passive). Findings – Results of the first study show that as the individual has more experience in Facebook (measured in this paper through satisfaction, past behavior of following brands and Facebook intensity), the effect of tie strength on the intention to join a brand page dilutes. The second study confirms Study 1 and shows that strong ties exert more influence than weak ties when the brand page is actively recommended by Facebook friends. Practical implications – This paper shows that the influence of strong ties is particularly important for individuals with low levels of experience in Facebook. As experience in SNSs is expected to continue growing, managers should not forget the role of weak ties as a source of information for their networked friends. Strong ties only remain more influential than weak ties when the information about the brand page is received through an invitation. Originality/value – This paper explores the interpersonal influences in Facebook, asserting that the influence of tie strength depends on the level of experience in the SNS, and on the way, information about the brand page is received.

scholarly journals The anxious expectation of man in an era of turbulence

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Oleg Panchenko ◽  
Anastasiіa Kabantseva ◽  
Irina Serdyuk
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Psychological Safety ◽  
Unstable State ◽  
Behavioral Variability ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Source Of Information

The modern information space is essentially the main source of information for a person, has a direct impact on his mental activity, on the formation of his social behavior. A person is forced to live in this environment, adequately perceive its realities, taking into account information threats on its part. Awareness of these threats has brought close attention to information security and how to ensure it. It is noted that the problem of psychological security of a person acquires special urgency during social changes, the rapid development of information technology, and the possibility of using various means of influencing the human mind.Scientists examined the issues of psychological safety of an individual in an era of turbulence. In the study of ways to overcome turbulence through the prism of personality traits, the following definition is formulated: "information-psychological turbulence". This unstable state of the human psyche, caused by informational influences, occurs in sudden tides of anger, sadness or despair, a feeling of anxiety, irritation, fear or sadness. The psychological safety of the individual is manifested in its ability to maintain stability in the information environment with certain parameters, as well as with various psycho-traumatic effects, in support of destructive internal and external influences. On the other hand, in emotional expressiveness, intellectual, behavioral variability, the optimal position of the subject in the conditions of the information environment.It has been established that the relevance and necessity of ensuring the information-psychological security of the individual requires an understanding of the role of the concept of "turbulence" in the normal functioning of the human psyche, as well as in the development of pathological processes. Information-psychological security of a person in a causal relationship with turbulence correlates with anxiety phenomena.

scholarly journals The role of sense of coherence in group relations training

2001 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans Cilliers
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Projective Identification ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Group Relations ◽  
The Individual

This research measured the role that sense of coherence (SOC) plays on an individual and group level during group relations training, presented to fifty-eight managers, using Antonovsky’s scale and an semi-structured interview. The individual measuring high on SOC showed more understanding of group dynamics,made more use of own existing resources to cope with anxiety and found the experience challenging and meaningful, than the low measuring individual. On the group level, the split between high and lowled to projective identification: the high SOC individuals contain competence and the low, incompetence.Recommendations for future group relations training are formulated. Opsomming Hierdie navorsing meet die rol wat sin vir koherensie (SOC) op individuele en groepvlak tydens groepverhoudinge opleiding speel soos aangebied vir agt-en-vyftig bestuurders, en gemeet met Antonovsky se skaal en ’n semi-gestruktureerde onderhoud. Die individuwat hoogmeet op SOC toon’n beter begrip van groepdinamika, maak meer gebruik van eie bestaande hulpbronne om met angs te cope, en vind die ervaringmeer uitdagend en betekenisvol, as die individu wat laag meet. Op groepsvlak lei die verdeling tussen hoog en laag na projektiewe identifikasie: die hoe SOC individue ‘‘behou’’ bevoegdheid en die lae, onbevoegdheid. Aanbevelings vir toekomstige groepsverhoudinge opleiding word geformuleer.

Speech and Debate

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chouinard ◽  
Daniel Cronn-Mills
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Culture Conflict ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Intergroup Communication ◽  
Team Culture ◽  
Management Leadership ◽  
The Individual

The words speech and debate hold a variety of connotations. For some, they refer to the dissemination or exchange of ideas in a general sense, while others will be more familiar with speech and debate as co-curricular activities, commonly referred to using the umbrella term forensics. Not to be confused with the modern understanding of forensic science, the term forensics stems from the Latin forensis, which relates to assembly in public forums. Forensic programs can be found at a broad range of secondary and post-secondary institutions. Students prepare speeches, performances, or arguments for tournaments where they can win individual and team awards. Despite the individual nature of many speech and debate events, teams play a vital role in forensics. In fact, numerous studies have indicated critical thinking is a necessary component to succeed in our fast-paced society. According to Allen, Berkowitz, Hunt, and Louden, education in communication enhances critical thinking by 44%. Forensics involvement is the activity most identified for advancing critical thinking abilities. Both in and out of competition, team membership is widely understood to be a key component of forensic participation. In many ways, speech and debate serve as laboratories for the study of small groups. For scholars of group dynamics and intergroup communication, forensics provides a plethora of avenues for exploration, related to such key group concepts as integration, group identity, team culture, conflict management, leadership, administration, and competition. The competitive nature of forensics plays a vital role in shaping the activity, and contributes to a unique opportunity for the study of groups. While some scholars (such as Burnett, Brand, Meister, Wood, and Rowland-Morin) perceive tension between the competitive and educational objectives of the activity, others remain adamant that much education comes through competition, and as such, the two are harmonious rather than dissonant ideals. Both philosophies acknowledge the important role of competition in forensics. For scholars of group communication, the features of competitive speech and debate teams make them unique and insightful subjects for examination.

scholarly journals Results account as a source of economic information / Rachunek wyników jako źródło informacji ekonomicznych

Management ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-381
Author(s):  
Edward Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Business Operation ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Financial Result

Summary Financial result is one of the fundamental economic categories subject to measurement within the accounting system. Financial result is a complex economic category, since its fluctuations are determined by expenses and revenues. The volume of financial results is related to activities in each of the individual areas of business operation and to selected external factors. Information on company results is of interest to all stakeholders, both internal and external, but the information requirements of each group are dissimilar. One common denominator here is the use of financial information in economic decision-making processes. This paper presents the role of results account as an important source of information used for decision-making purposes by company stakeholders, both external and internal.

scholarly journals Should I look or should I book

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Anđelka Štilić ◽  
Miloš Nicić
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Travel Information ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Source Of Information

The online booking behaviour of tourist website visitors shows that there is a transition from browsing to the purchasing process. Potential travellers are expected to benefit from a broad range of market opportunities made available by the Internet, the most revolutionary of which is the opportunity for price reductions as a direct result of the elimination of intermediaries in the travel industry distribution chain. Customers have to deal with a variety of challenges and limits when provided with various alternatives for even simple and low-cost travel bookings, and word-of-mouth from online reviews acts as a vital source of information for customers. A significant component in influencing customer decision-making is eWOM and it is also a key factor in the individual booking of services and products. Customers' perception of the credibility of reviews significantly influences their behavioural intentions and the role of eWOM in providing travel information and tourists' behavioural intent can produce "myths " on the opportunities for travel savings and air tickets cost.

scholarly journals Testing the role of symbols in preschool numeracy: An experimental computer-based intervention study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259775
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Hyde ◽  
Yi Mou ◽  
Ilaria Berteletti ◽  
Elizabeth S. Spelke ◽  
Stanislas Dehaene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Comparison ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Numerical Comparisons ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
One To One ◽  
Scholastic Success ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Experimental Training

Numeracy is of critical importance for scholastic success and modern-day living, but the precise mechanisms that drive its development are poorly understood. Here we used novel experimental training methods to begin to investigate the role of symbols in the development of numeracy in preschool-aged children. We assigned pre-school children in the U.S. and Italy (N = 215; Mean age = 49.15 months) to play one of five versions of a computer-based numerical comparison game for two weeks. The different versions of the game were equated on basic features of gameplay and demands but systematically varied in numerical content. Critically, some versions included non-symbolic numerical comparisons only, while others combined non-symbolic numerical comparison with symbolic aids of various types. Before and after training we assessed four components of early numeracy: counting proficiency, non-symbolic numerical comparison, one-to-one correspondence, and arithmetic set transformation. We found that overall children showed improvement in most of these components after completing these short trainings. However, children trained on numerical comparisons with symbolic aids made larger gains on assessments of one-to-one correspondence and arithmetic transformation compared to children whose training involved non-symbolic numerical comparison only. Further exploratory analyses suggested that, although there were no major differences between children trained with verbal symbols (e.g., verbal counting) and non-verbal visuo-spatial symbols (i.e., abacus counting), the gains in one-to-one correspondence may have been driven by abacus training, while the gains in non-verbal arithmetic transformations may have been driven by verbal training. These results provide initial evidence that the introduction of symbols may contribute to the emergence of numeracy by enhancing the capacity for thinking about exact equality and the numerical effects of set transformations. More broadly, this study provides an empirical basis to motivate further focused study of the processes by which children’s mastery of symbols influences children’s developing mastery of numeracy.

scholarly journals Testing the role of symbols in preschool numeracy: An experimental computer-based intervention study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Hyde ◽  
Yi Mou ◽  
Ilaria Berteletti ◽  
Elizabeth Spelke ◽  
Stanislas Dehaene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Comparison ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Numerical Comparisons ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
One To One ◽  
Scholastic Success ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Experimental Training

Numeracy is of critical importance for scholastic success and modern-day living, but the precise mechanisms that drive its development are poorly understood. Here we used novel experimental training methods to begin to investigate the role of symbols in the development of numeracy in preschool-aged children. We assigned pre-school children in the U.S. and Italy (N = 215; Mean age = 49.15 months) to play one of five versions of a computer-based numerical comparison game for two weeks. The different versions of the game were equated on basic features of gameplay and demands but systematically varied in numerical content. Critically, some versions included non-symbolic numerical comparisons only, while others combined non-symbolic numerical comparison with symbolic aids of various types. Before and after training we assessed four components of early numeracy: counting proficiency, non-symbolic numerical comparison, one-to-one correspondence, and arithmetic set transformation. We found that overall children showed improvement in most of these components after completing these short trainings. However, children trained on numerical comparisons with symbolic aids made larger gains on assessments of one-to-one correspondence and arithmetic transformation compared to children whose training involved non-symbolic numerical comparison only. Further exploratory analyses suggested that, although there were no major differences between children trained with verbal symbols (e.g., verbal counting) and non-verbal visuo-spatial symbols (i.e., abacus counting), the gains in one-to-one correspondence may have been driven by abacus training, while the gains in non-verbal arithmetic transformations may have been driven by verbal training. These results provide initial evidence that the introduction of symbols may contribute to the emergence of numeracy by enhancing the capacity for thinking about exact equality and the numerical effects of set transformations. More broadly, this study provides an empirical basis to motivate further focused study of the processes by which children’s mastery of symbols influences children’s developing mastery of numeracy.

School Success and School Engagement of Immigrant Children and Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frosso Motti-Stefanidi ◽  
Ann S. Masten
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
School Success ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
The Individual

Academic achievement in immigrant children and adolescents is an indicator of current and future adaptive success. Since the future of immigrant youths is inextricably linked to that of the receiving society, the success of their trajectory through school becomes a high stakes issue both for the individual and society. The present article focuses on school success in immigrant children and adolescents, and the role of school engagement in accounting for individual and group differences in academic achievement from the perspective of a multilevel integrative model of immigrant youths’ adaptation ( Motti-Stefanidi, Berry, Chryssochoou, Sam, & Phinney, 2012 ). Drawing on this conceptual framework, school success is examined in developmental and acculturative context, taking into account multiple levels of analysis. Findings suggest that for both immigrant and nonimmigrant youths the relationship between school engagement and school success is bidirectional, each influencing over time the other. Evidence regarding potential moderating and mediating roles of school engagement for the academic success of immigrant youths also is evaluated.

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