scholarly journals New Town, New Townspeople: Transforming Gatchina in the 1790s

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Alison K Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
New Schools ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
New Town ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Similar Path ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town ◽  
End Results

On 11 November 1796, only five days after the death of Catherine II, her son and successor Paul released a decree naming two of his villages, Pavlovsk and Gatchina, towns. In an odd way, given their fraught relationship, this act echoed his mother’s past practice. She founded several hundred new towns to serve as new administrative centers for her newly formed provinces. Paul’s actions are more obscure, tied not to administrative needs but perhaps instead to a desire to glorify his own landholdings—or if not to glorify at least to increase the economic prosperity of his lands. The end results, however, followed a similar path: new towns needed new courts and new schools, new town seals and new town plans, and above all new townspeople. This article examine the process by which Gatchina, the village, was transformed into Gatchina, the town. In particular, it will focus on the establishment there of new merchant and meshchanin corporations, and of a town ratusha to oversee their management. Many of the new town’s new townspeople came from elsewhere to register there; as a result, they not only built up the town in numbers but also created a Russian space within what was an imperial periphery. This transformation shows both an effort at social organization and engineering and also the limits of those efforts when faced with individual desires.

scholarly journals Analysis success factors of the new cities establishment (case study: Pardisan town)

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 1231-1242
Author(s):  
Narjes Ghaempanah ◽  
Mohammad-Taghi Rahnamaei
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Urban District ◽  
New Town ◽  
New Towns ◽  
The Town ◽  
Topsis Model

New towns and cities are proposed as the places for absorbing the population overflow and limiting the population growth in metropolises. In Iran, these towns and cities are built very close to the metropolises, and gradually, they are being used only as dormitories. The new town of Pardisan is built 13 kilometers southwest of Qom as the largest new town of the urban district of Qom in order to organize the residence system and absorb the population overflow of the metropolis of Qom and reduce its problems. This paper studies the function of the Pardisan new town as the absorber of the population overflow of Qom and also the residents’ satisfaction with this town. The research method adopted by this study is based on the library, documentary, and field data, and also interviews and collection of data by questionnaires and TOPSIS model. The results of this research indicate that many of the families living in the Pardisan town constitute the population overflow of the metropolis of Qom; Among the most important reasons for the migration of families to the Pardisan town is the low cost of land and residence, and 4.67 percent of the residents do not like to live in this town. This unsuccess is mostly due to lack of job and activity in this town, and therefore, the residents are less satisfied with the town.

Patronage of urban commercial clusters: A network-based extension of the Huff model for balancing location and size

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Sevtsuk ◽  
Raul Kalvo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Spatial Networks ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Household Level ◽  
New Town ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
User Access ◽  
Retail Demand

We introduce a version of the Huff retail expenditure model, where retail demand depends on households’ access to retail centers. Household-level survey data suggest that total retail visits in a system of retail centers depends on the relative location pattern of stores and customers. This dependence opens up an important question—could overall visits to retail centers be increased with a more efficient spatial configuration of centers in planned new towns? To answer this question, we implement the model as an Urban Network Analysis tool in Rhinoceros 3D, where facility patronage can be analyzed along spatial networks and apply it in the context of the Punggol New Town in Singapore. Using fixed household locations, we first test how estimated store visits are affected by the assumption of whether shoppers come from homes or visit shops en route to local public transit stations. We then explore how adjusting both the locations and sizes of commercial centers can maximize overall visits, using automated simulations to test a large number of scenarios. The results show that location and size adjustments to already planned retail centers in a town can yield a 10% increase in estimated store visits. The methodology and tools developed for this analysis can be extended to other context for planning and right-sizing retail developments and other public facilities so as to maximize both user access and facilities usage.

scholarly journals New Towns Development: A Wave of the Future Planning Practices in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Kedar Dahal ◽  
Krishna Prasad Timalsina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
City Development ◽  
New Town ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Town Development

 Increasing urbanization has been a major challenge to tackle issues relating to population growth, housing, infrastructure development and urban management in Nepal. Initiatives have been taking by the stakeholders of urban sectors in different course of action plans. New town development, smart city development, preparation and implementation of various strategic plans and action plans are some of the initiatives undertaken by the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of Nepal. At present, the Ministry of Urban Development is preparing intervening plans and programmes to 40 towns for planned urban development in Nepal. Some of these towns are already in pace of development and some others are in infancy stages. Balance urban development strategy so far is a strategy of government of Nepal however theory of political economy of development is inherently coming in selection of the towns, and basically in implementing the plans. Therefore, most of the prepared action plans are in question of effective implementation. Among the prioritized new towns of Nepal, some of these towns particularly smart cities are in very infancy stages of infrastructure development in which ‘smartness’ itself falls into huge dilemma. Therefore, more challenges are added in implementing the smart cities into action plan. However, new towns of Hilly and Tarai-Madhesh area will definitely provide the opportunities to cater population and create more opportunities. In this context, this study focus on the new town development and their spatial distribution in Nepal through the collection of primary information and review of previous literature.

scholarly journals Education in Lukavac in the period 1945-1953.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-241
Author(s):  
Semir Hadžimusić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
School Facilities ◽  
New Schools ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Village ◽  
Regular Classes ◽  
Training Of Personnel ◽  
And Training

To present opportunities in Lukavac education in the period 1945-1953. means talking about primary education, first of all about four-year, and later also eight-year elementary schools, for the reconstruction of school facilities, education and training of personnel for the needs of the economy, links between education and culture, and other similar issues. In Lukavac old schools are being rebuilt and new schools are being raised. The inclusion of pupils in elementary education in this period was considerably higher than before. In addition to regular classes, schools participate in organized work on the literacy of the population through analytical courses. The school becomes the center of both educational and cultural life. The cultural function of the school is particularly prominent in rural areas, where educational workers were the main bearers of the cultural life of the village.

scholarly journals Long-term time-lapse microgravity and geotechnical monitoring of relict salt mines, Marston, Cheshire, U. K.

Geophysics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. B287-B294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie K. Pringle ◽  
Peter Styles ◽  
Claire P. Howell ◽  
Michael W. Branston ◽  
Rebecca Furner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Geotechnical Monitoring ◽  
Salt Mines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mine Workings ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town

The area around the town of Northwich in Cheshire, U. K., has a long history of catastrophic ground subsidence caused by a combination of natural dissolution and collapsing abandoned mine workings within the underlying Triassic halite bedrock geology. In the village of Marston, the Trent and Mersey Canal crosses several abandoned salt mine workings and previously subsiding areas, the canal being breached by a catastrophic subsidence event in 1953. This canal section is the focus of a long-term monitoring study by conventional geotechnical topographic and microgravity surveys. Results of 20 years of topographic time-lapse surveys indicate specific areas of local subsidence that could not be predicted by available site and mine abandonment plan and shaft data. Subsidence has subsequently necessitated four phases of temporary canal bank remediation. Ten years of microgravity time-lapse data have recorded major deepening negative anomalies in specific sections that correlate with topographic data. Gravity 2D modeling using available site data found upwardly propagating voids, and associated collapse material produced a good match with observed microgravity data. Intrusive investigations have confirmed a void at the major anomaly. The advantages of undertaking such long-term studies for near-surface geophysicists, geotechnical engineers, and researchers working in other application areas are discussed.

Conquering the Town: Stories and Myth in Patrick Chamoiseau’s Texaco

2009 ◽  
pp. 93-110
Author(s):  
Celia Britton
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Sustained Effort ◽  
New Community ◽  
The Town

This chapter explores Texaco’s key theme of building new communities, and the polarity between town and country. Britton foregrounds the fictional community’s existence as not only a new community but also one that exists because of sustained effort of will and a collective determination, all of which result in a sense of togetherness. The chapter also discusses the novel’s commentary on creating new forms of social organization and the building of a free, self-sufficient community.

Historic Preservation in Nazi Germany

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Historic Preservation ◽  
Cultural Politics ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
National History ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Do So

This chapter offers a critical examination of historic preservationist practices to expand our understanding of the Nazi regime’s ideologies and objectives regarding historic places and national heritage. Rather than catalogue the actual techniques of historic preservation, this chapter focuses on the cultural politics animating the regime’s efforts to construct its vision of national history, heritage, and memory. To do so, the chapter surveys the Nazi regime’s efforts to “preserve” three generalized places: the city, the town, and the village

Beyond Portmeirion: The Architecture, Planning and Protests of Clough Williams-Ellis

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-206
Author(s):  
Nigel Harrison ◽  
Iain Robertson
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Comprehensive Planning ◽  
Labour Government ◽  
New Towns ◽  
The Village ◽  
Rural England ◽  
Country Planning

Clough Williams-Ellis is famous (or infamous) for his preservationist activities, leading the Campaign to Protect Rural England and the Design and Industries Association and writing that most famous of protests against interwar development, England and the Octopus (1928). This chapter argues that Williams-Ellis’s preservationist campaigning was not the expression of backward-looking nostalgia, but of a progressive, modernizing quest to convert the nation to orderly planning. In pursuit of this quest, he advocated adoption of new towns, national parks, motorways, and town and country planning; the culmination of all this work was the comprehensive planning legislation of the Labour government formed in 1945. Nigel Harrison and Iain Robertson seek to move beyond Williams-Ellis’s best known creation, the village of Portmeirion, typically dismissed as an unfortunate experiment in retrograde rural vernacular, to consider Clough Williams-Ellis’s activities in their totality and to position him as a key theorist of rural modernity.

Cadres’ Voices

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-148
Author(s):  
John James Kennedy ◽  
Yaojiang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Village Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Town ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Local Leaders

While village cadres, along with town and county officials, are often portrayed as the strong arm of the state, enforcing the birth policy regardless of the social and personal costs, the relationship between villagers, cadres, and officials is, in fact, more fluid and complex. In-depth interviews with local cadres, including village leaders, midwives, and family planning cadres, as well as town and county officials, show a more dynamic and at times reciprocal relationship between local leaders and villagers. Many of the village cadres and officials interviewed admitted that it was not uncommon for births to go unregistered for years and that official birth counts and population reports compiled at the village level and sent up to the town governments were, at times, incomplete. The interviews reveal mutual noncompliance and selective policy implementation at the grassroots and even town and county levels.

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