Naramycin B, an Antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus Strain 587 with Herbicidal Properties-Fermentation, Isolation, and Identification

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1100-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Berg ◽  
Michael Schedel ◽  
Robert R. Schmidt ◽  
Klaus Ditgens ◽  
Horst Weyland
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Optical Isomer ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Fermentative Production ◽  
Pure Product

Abstract From the culture filtrate of Streptomyces griseus strain 587 a herbicidal active fraction was isolated by adsorption on Lewapol® , methanolic desorption, and chromatography on Sephadex® LH-20. Further purification was achieved by HPLC. The pure product was characterized by TLC and different colour reactions. By MS, 1H-NM R, IR and ORD spectroscopy the herbicidal compound could be identified as naramycin B. Naramycin B is an optical isomer of cycloheximide (naramycin A, Actidione®, Acti-Aid®). This communication reports on the fermentative production of naramycin B with strain 587, its isolation, identification, and herbicidal activity.

Isolation and identification of IAA producing endosymbiotic bacteria from Gracillaria corticata (J. Agardh)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5179
Author(s):  
Ilahi Shaik* ◽  
P. Janakiram ◽  
Sujatha L. ◽  
Sushma Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Indole acetic acid is a natural phytohormone which influence the root and shoot growth of the plants. Six (GM1-GM6) endosymbiotic bacteria are isolated from Gracilaria corticata and screened for the production of IAA out of six, three bacterial strains GM3, GM5 and GM6 produced significant amount of IAA 102.4 µg/ml 89.40 µg/ml 109.43 µg/ml respectively. Presence of IAA in culture filtrate of the above strains is further analyzed and confirmed by TLC. As these bacterial strains, able to tolerate the high salinity these can be effectively used as PGR to increase the crop yield in saline soils.

Preliminary Screening of Isolated Mycoherbicidal Fungi for the Management of Noxious Weed Xanthiumstrumarium

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
AJAY KUMAR SINGH ◽  
AKHILESH KUMAR PANDEY
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Complete Collapse

Natural phytotoxins of fungi are great source for the discovery of new herbicide and its offer a benign and eco-friendly alternative to manage weed. Thus, this study aimed to select potential fungi with potent herbicidal activity for control ofweeds. In the present study, various phytopathogenic fungi were isolated from infected tissues of various weeds and evaluated againstXanthium strumarium, a problematic monocotyledonous weed of open lands, agriculture, horticulture and forests. Herbicidal potential of Cell Free Culture Filtrate (CFCF) of strains ofPhoma herbarum (FGCCW#18, FGCCW#43) Fusariummonilifromecoded as FGCCW#35 and Fusarium roseum coded as FGCCW#55againstXanthium strumariumwere evaluated by seedling and shoot cut bioassays. Maximum mortalities of shoots, seedlings and phytotoxic damage were obtainedfrom28 day sold cell free culture filtrate (CFCF) of FGCCW#18 at 100% concentration. Significant reduction in biological contents i.e. photosynthetic pigment and protein was observed in the host weed on treatment with the CFCF as determined by detached leaf bioassay. Phytotoxic damage such as severe wilting, chlorosis, necrosis and complete collapse of the entire parts of the weed were also noticed due to CFCF application.

scholarly journals Effect of Ammonia and Indole-3-acetic Acid Producing Endophytic Klebsiella pneumoniae YNA12 as a Bio-Herbicide for Weed Inhibition: Special Reference with Evening Primroses

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Sang-Mo Kang ◽  
Saqib Bilal ◽  
Raheem Shahzad ◽  
Yu-Na Kim ◽  
Chang-Wook Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Evening Primrose ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Information on the use of endophytic bacteria as a bio-herbicide for the management of weed control in agricultural fields is limited. The current study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from evening primroses and to screen them for their bio-herbicidal activity. Two isolated endophytic bacteria (Pantoea dispersa YNA11 and Klebsiella pneumoniae YNA12) were initially screened for citrate utilization and for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and catalase production. The preliminary biochemical assessment showed YNA12 as a positive strain. Ammonia, catalase, and IAA in its culture filtrate were quantified. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy- Selective Ion Monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) analysis revealed the production of IAA by YNA12 in a time-dependent manner. YNA12 also exhibited significant ammonia-producing potential and catalase activity against hydrogen peroxide. The YNA12 culture filtrate significantly inhibited the germination rate of evening primrose seeds, resulting in a marked reduction in seedling length and biomass compared with those of the control seeds. Moreover, the culture filtrate of YNA12 significantly accelerated the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) production and catalase activity of evening primrose seedlings. Macronutrient regulation was adversely affected in the seedlings exposed to the culture filtrate of YNA12, leading to inhibition of seed germination. The current results suggest that endophytic YNA12 may be used as a potent bio-herbicidal agent for controlling weed growth and development.

scholarly journals Filamentous fungi isolated from grape marc as antagonists of Botrytis cinerea

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Jelena Jovicic-Petrovic ◽  
Ivana Stankovic ◽  
Aleksandra Bulajic ◽  
Branka Krstic ◽  
Dragan Kikovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Heat Sensitivity ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Culture Filtrates

In this paper we report on the isolation and identification of three filamentous fungi from grape marc, and antifungal effect of their cell-free culture filtrates on the growth of Botrytis cinerea, causal agent of gray mold. Grape marc is a waste material that has been used as soil amendment in sustainable agriculture. Isolates originating from grape marc were identified on the basis of morphological features and internal transcribed spacer rDNA or ?-tubulin gene sequencing. The presence of three different species, Penicillium paneum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus fumigatus has been detected expressing different effect on the growth of B. cinerea. The effect of crude culture filtrates of selected fungi on B. cinerea growth was tested. Heat sensitivity of the established inhibition effect was examined by autoclaving the crude culture filtrate prior to testing. Additional aim was to determine whether antifungal effect was influenced by previous exposure to B. cinerea in dual liquid cultures. Crude culture filtrate of A. fumigatus K16/2 showed the lowest suppression of B. cinerea growth. A maximal percentage inhibition achieved within the study was 38.2%, 39.8% and 23.8 for crude filtrates of P. paneum K7/1, P. chrysogenum K11/1 and A. fumigatus K16/2, respectively. Presence of B. cinerea in dual liquid culture induced significant increase in antifungal capacity of the culture filtrates in comparison to pure culture filtrates of the chosen isolates. The antifungal activity of all of the isolates? culture filtrates retained after heat treatment suggesting the presence of some thermostable antifungal metabolites. The results indicate the complexity and specificity of the interaction between filamentous fungi and B. cinerea. Grape marc is a good source for isolation od B. cinerea fungal antagonists and their antifungal metabolites. Specificity of fungal-fungal interactions suggests that further research on the antagonistic mechanisms and factors affecting them should be studied separately for each pair of antagonists.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of Serratia marcescens Ha1 and herbicidal activity of Ha1 ‘pesta’ granular formulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1348-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan YANG ◽  
Wei WANG ◽  
Peng YANG ◽  
Bu TAO ◽  
Zheng YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Isolation And Identification

An Endogalactosaminidase from Streptomyces griseus

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1237-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose L. Reissig ◽  
Wei-Hsien Lai ◽  
James E. Glasgow
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Glass Surfaces

An endogalactosaminidase has been purified 34-fold from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces griseus. This enzyme cleaves GalN–GalN linkages in oligogalactosaminoglycan, a galactosamine-rich oligosaccharide isolated from the culture filtrate of a Neurospora mutant. Since some or all of the GalN–GalN bonds in this molecule link positions 1 and 4, and are in the α-configuration, we are probably dealing with an endo-α-(1 → 4)-galactosaminidase, but this characterization is only tentative because the few bonds cleaved by the enzyme could have a different structure. The enzyme is inactive towards N-acetyl-oligogalactosaminoglycan and chitosan.The endogalactosaminidase preparations also cleave high molecular weight galactosaminoglycan (obtained from Neurospora) into fragments [Formula: see text] daltons in molecular weight, and catalyze the release of Neurospora sporelings from the glass surfaces to which they are anchored. Galactosaminoglycan-cleaving and sporeling-releasing activities elute jointly from DEAE-cellulose columns. This observation provides further support for an earlier proposal that the sporelings are anchored to the glass by means of galactosaminoglycan molecules.

scholarly journals Association of Adjuvants with Culture Filtrate from Fusarium fujikuroi for Increasing the Control of Conyza sp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 6481-6487
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Suitable Combination

Metabolites from Fusarium fujikuroi were used as a bioherbicide product for the control of Conyza sp., a weed that causes considerable losses in the cultivation of soybean worldwide. Formulations containing distilled water or culture filtrate and different adjuvants (palm, soybean or mineral oil, Span® 80 and Tween® 80) were evaluated in order to increase the bioherbicidal activity through post-emergence bioassays. The herbicidal activity of culture filtrate was improved using different combinations of adjuvants. The best formulation was 3% (w/v) of mineral oil, 5.5% (w/v) of surfactant (Span® 80 and Tween® 80) and a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of 15, which resulted in a higher herbicidal activity (100%) (complete death of plants) and lower phytotoxicity (0%). The suitable combination of adjuvants in association with culture filtrate from F. fujikuroi increased up to 2.5 times the efficiency of bioherbicide for the post-emergence control of Conyza sp.

scholarly journals Fractional Extraction, Isolation and Identification of Biologically Active Compounds from Anamirta cocculus (L.) Wight & Arn to Control Culexquinquefasciatus Say and Aedes albopictus Skuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Anju Viswan K ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Larvicidal Activities

Background & Objectives: Development of resistance towards synthetic insecticides is one of the major problems in vector control programmes and it can be reduced to an extent by the alternate use of botanical or bio insecticides. The present study aims to find out the larvicidal activities of Anamirta cocculus (L.) Wight and Arn against Culex quinqueafsciatus Say and Aedes albopictus Skuse and to isolate the most active compounds present in the active fraction of the plant extract. Methods: Cold extracts of A. cocculus seeds were taken using methanol as solvent and fractionation was done using the solvents n-hexane, ethyl acetate and acetone by column chromatographic method. Bioassays were conducted using all these extracts and LC50 were calculated using the probit analysis developed by Finney. The structural elucidation of the compounds of most active fraction isolated from chromatographic studies after bioassay was done by Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Result:A. cocculus treated larvae exhibited more restlessness, convulsions and sluggishness, and the restless activity is more in Ae. albopictus than in Cx. quinquefasciatus.The activity of column fractions of A. cocculus was in the order Hexane (H) > Acetone (A) > H:EA (3:1) >H:EA (2:1)> H:EA (1:1): Ethyl acetate (EA): H:EA (1:2) >H:EA (1:3). The compounds present in the most active fractions were Picrotin and Menispermine respectively. Interpretation & Conclusion: From the results it has been proved that the plant is having potential larvicidal activity.

Fermentative production of cycloheximide by Streptomyces griseus and Streptomyces noursei

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Abou-Zeid ◽  
S. H. El-Sherbini
Keyword(s):  
Streptomyces Griseus ◽  
Fermentative Production ◽  
Streptomyces Noursei
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